Nebsenre
| Nebsenre | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ranebsen | |||||||||||||||||||
 Small jar and jar lid with cartouche of Nebsenre | |||||||||||||||||||
| Pharaoh | |||||||||||||||||||
| Reign | at least 5 months in the first half of the 17th century BCE | ||||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Heribre | ||||||||||||||||||
| Successor | unknown | ||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||
| Dynasty | 14th Dynasty | ||||||||||||||||||
Nebsenre(meaning "Their Lord isRa"[1]) was anEgyptianpharaohof the14th Dynasty of Egyptduring theSecond Intermediate Period.Nebsenre reigned for a least five months over the Eastern and possibly WesternNile Delta,some time during the first half of the 17th century BCE.[3]As such Nebsenre was a contemporary of theMemphisbased13th Dynasty.
Attestations[edit]
Historical source[edit]
Theprenomen"Nebsenre" is preserved on the ninth column, 14th row[note 1]of theTurin canon,a list of kings written during the reign ofRamses II(1279–1213 BCE) which serves as the primary historical source for the Second Intermediate Period.[5]The canon further credits Nebsenre with a lost number of years, five months and 20 days of reign following Heribre on the throne.[6]The prenomen of Nebsenre's successor is written aswsfon the Turin king list,[6][7]indicating that his name was already lost in a lacuna of the document from which the canon was copied in Ramesside times.[8]
Contemporary artefact[edit]
Nebsenre is one of only four[9]kings of the 14th Dynasty to be attested by an artefact contemporary with his reign: a jar of unknown provenance bearing his prenomen, which was in the private Michailidis collection.[10][4]
Chronological position[edit]
According to the EgyptologistsKim Ryholtand Darrell Baker, Nebsenre was the 14th king of the 14th Dynasty,[11]a line of rulers ofCanaanitedescent reigning over the Eastern Nile Delta from c. 1700 BCE until c. 1650 BCE.[note 2]Alternatively the EgyptologistJürgen von Beckerathsees him as the fifteenth ruler, due to a differing reconstruction of the early 14th Dynasty.[14]
Notes[edit]
- ^Following Ryholt's reconstruction of the Turin canon. This corresponds to the eighth column, fourteenth row in the reconstruction of the canon of Gardiner and von Beckerath.[4]
- ^Ryholt dates the beginning of the 14th Dynasty to c. 1800 BCE,[3]adding five kings to it before Nehesy. This is rejected by most Egyptologists who consider Nehesy to have been either the founder[12]or the second king of the dynasty.[13]
References[edit]
- ^abLeprohon 2013,p. 205.
- ^Baker 2008,pp. 247–248.
- ^abRyholt 1997,p. 409.
- ^abBaker 2008,p. 248.
- ^Ryholt 1997,pp. 9–18.
- ^abRyholt 1997,p. 198.
- ^Ryholt 2012,p. 31.
- ^Ryholt 1997,p. 10–11.
- ^Bourriau 2003,p. 178.
- ^Kaplony 1973,p. 15, pl. 10, 23 [Cat. 41].
- ^Ryholt 1997,p. 98.
- ^Quirke 2001,p. 261.
- ^von Beckerath 1999,pp. 108–109, king 2.
- ^von Beckerath 1999,pp. 108–109, king 15.
Bibliography[edit]
- Baker, Darrell D. (2008).The Encyclopedia of the Egyptian Pharaohs. Volume I: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty (3300–1069 BC).London: Bannerstone Press.ISBN978-1-905299-37-9.
- Bourriau, Janine (2003). "The Second Intermediate Period (c. 1650–1550 BC)". In Shaw, Ian (ed.).The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt(new ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.ISBN978-0-19-280458-7.
- Kaplony, Peter(1973).Beschriftete Kleinfunde in der Sammlung Georges Michailidis: Ergebnisse einer Bestandsaufnahme im Sommer 1968.Uitgaven van het Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut te İstanbul, 32. Istanbul: Nederlands Historisch-Archeologisch Instituut in het Nabije Oosten.OCLC1064212.
- Leprohon, Ronald J. (2013).The great name: ancient Egyptian royal titulary.Writings from the ancient world, no. 33. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature.ISBN978-1-58-983736-2.
- Quirke, Stephen(2001). "Second Intermediate Period". InRedford, Donald B.(ed.).The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 3.Oxford University Press. pp. 260–265.ISBN978-0-19-510234-5.
- Ryholt, Kim(1997).The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c. 1800–1550 B.C.CNI publications, 20. Carsten Niebuhr Institute of Near Eastern Studies, University of Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press.ISBN978-87-7289-421-8.
- Ryholt, Kim (2012). "The Royal Canon of Turin". In Hornung, Erik; Krauss, Rolf; Warburton, David (eds.).Ancient Egyptian Chronology.Handbook of Oriental Studies. Leiden, Boston: Brill. pp.26–32.ISBN978-90-04-11385-5.ISSN0169-9423.
- von Beckerath, Jürgen(1999).Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen(in German). Münchner ägyptologische Studien, Heft 49, Mainz: Philip von Zabern.ISBN978-3-8053-2591-2.