Neuregulin 4
Appearance
Neuregulin 4also known asNRG4is a member of theneuregulinproteinfamily which in humans is encoded by theNRG4gene.[5][6][7]
Function
[edit]The neuregulins, including NRG4, activate erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4 (ERBB4) to initiating cell signaling through cytosolic tyrosine phosphorylation.[7]
Clinical significance
[edit]Loss of expression of NRG4 is frequently seen in advancedbladder cancerwhile increased NRG4 expression correlates to better survival.[8]
References
[edit]- ^abcGRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000169752–Ensembl,May 2017
- ^abcGRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000032311–Ensembl,May 2017
- ^"Human PubMed Reference:".National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^"Mouse PubMed Reference:".National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^"Entrez Gene: NRG4 neuregulin 4".
- ^Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (December 2002)."Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences".Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.99(26): 16899–903.Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M.doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899.PMC139241.PMID12477932.
- ^abHarari D, Tzahar E, Romano J, Shelly M, Pierce JH, Andrews GC, Yarden Y (April 1999)."Neuregulin-4: a novel growth factor that acts through the ErbB-4 receptor tyrosine kinase".Oncogene.18(17): 2681–9.doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1202631.PMID10348342.
- ^Memon AA, Sorensen BS, Melgard P, Fokdal L, Thykjaer T, Nexo E (December 2004)."Expression of HER3, HER4 and their ligand heregulin-4 is associated with better survival in bladder cancer patients".Br. J. Cancer.91(12): 2034–41.doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6602251.PMC2409781.PMID15583696.
Further reading
[edit]- Révillion F, Lhotellier V, Hornez L, Bonneterre J, Peyrat JP (January 2008)."ErbB/HER ligands in human breast cancer, and relationships with their receptors, the bio-pathological features and prognosis".Ann. Oncol.19(1): 73–80.doi:10.1093/annonc/mdm431.PMID17962208.
- Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004)."The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)".Genome Res.14(10B): 2121–7.doi:10.1101/gr.2596504.PMC528928.PMID15489334.
- Hayes NV, Newsam RJ, Baines AJ, Gullick WJ (2008)."Characterization of the cell membrane-associated products of the Neuregulin 4 gene".Oncogene.27(5): 715–20.doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1210689.PMID17684490.
- Hayes NV, Blackburn E, Smart LV, et al. (2007)."Identification and characterization of novel spliced variants of neuregulin 4 in prostate cancer".Clin. Cancer Res.13(11): 3147–55.doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-2237.PMID17545517.