New Source Performance Standards

New Source Performance Standards(NSPS) are pollution controlstandardsissued by theUnited States Environmental Protection Agency(EPA). The term is used in theClean Air Act Extension of 1970(CAA) to refer toair pollutionemission standards, and in theClean Water Act(CWA) referring to standards forwater pollutiondischarges ofindustrial wastewatertosurface waters.

Introduction

Some pollution control laws are organized with varying degrees of stringency. The different standards may be based on several factors, including whether the pollution source is an existing facility at the time the standard is published, or is constructed after publication. The standards for new sources may be more stringent than that for existing facilities, on the principle that a new plant can be designed with the latest and most advanced control technologies.^[1]^: 82–83

Clean Air Act

The Clean Air Act NSPS dictate the level of pollution that a newstationary sourcemay produce. These standards are authorized by Section 111 of the CAA^[2]and the regulations are published in40 CFRPart 60.^[3]NSPS have been established for a number of individual industrial or source categories. Examples:

Air emissions from chemical manufacturing wastewater^[4]
Boilers^[5]
Landfills^[6]
Petroleum refineries^[7]
Stationary gas turbines.^[8]

Basic process for establishing standards

Identify type of emitting facility.
For each type of facility, identify the type of pollutant control technology that is appropriate.
From a study of all the plants and all the information available about the plants and their technologies, establish an allowed concentration of thecriteria pollutantsthat is the upper limit of what can be emitted.^[1]^: 84–85

Clean Water Act

Under the Clean Water Act, NSPS set the level of allowable wastewater discharges from new industrial facilities. EPA issues NSPS for categories of industrial dischargers, typically in conjunction with the issuance ofeffluent guidelinesfor existing sources. In developing NSPS, the CWA requires that EPA determine the "best available demonstrated control technology" (BADCT) for the particular industrial category. BADCT may be more stringent than thebest available technology economically achievablestandard used for existing dischargers. This consideration may include setting a "no discharge of pollutants standard" (also called a "zero discharge" standard) if practicable.^[9]^[10]

NSPS regulations are published at40 CFRSubchapter N (Parts 405-499). NSPS issued by EPA include the following categories:

Coal Mining^[11]
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations(including zero discharge requirements)^[12]
Dairy Products^[13]
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (including a zero discharge requirement for several subcategories)^[14]
Iron and Steel Manufacturing^[15]
Oil and Gas Extraction^[16]
Petroleum Refining^[17]
Pulp, Paper and Paperboard^[18]
Sugar Processing (including a zero discharge requirement for one subcategory)^[19]
Textile Mills.^[20]

EPA published a general definition of "new source" in its wastewater permit regulations.^[21]More specialized definitions of "new source" are included in some of the individual category regulations, e.g., the definition for the Pulp, Paper and Paperboard category.^[22]

References

^^a ^bCarruth, Russellyn S.; Goldstein, Bernard D. (2013). "Defining New Sources".Environmental Health Law: An Introduction.Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.ISBN 9781118420874.
^United States. Clean Air Act, section 111,42 U.S.C.§ 7411.
^U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). "Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources."Code of Federal Regulations,40 CFR 60.
^"Rule and Implementation Information for Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources–Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry Wastewater".Air Toxics.EPA. 2016-02-23.40 CFR Part 60, Subpart YYY.
^"Rule and Implementation Information for New Source Performance Standards for Boilers (Steam Generating Units)".Air Toxics.EPA. 2016-02-23.40 CFR Part 60, Subparts D-Dc.
^"Rule and Implementation Information for Standards of Performance for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills".Air Toxics.EPA. 2016-02-23.40 CFR Part 60, Subparts Cc and WWW.
^"Rule Information for Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources–Petroleum Refineries".Air Toxics.EPA. 2016-02-23.40 CFR Part 60, Subparts J & Ja.
^"Rule and Implementation Information–New Source Performance Standards for Stationary Gas Turbines".Air Toxics.EPA. 2016-02-23.40 CFR part 60, Subpart GG.
^United States. Clean Water Act, section 306(a),33 U.S.C.§ 1316(a).
^"Learn About Effluent Guidelines".EPA. 2018-11-21.
^EPA (2002). Coal Mining Point Source Category Effluent Guidelines and Standards.40 CFR 434.
^EPA (2008). Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations Effluent Guidelines and Standards.40 CFR 412.
^EPA (1974). Dairy Products Processing Point Source Category Effluent Guidelines and Standards.40 CFR 405.
^EPA (1982). Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing Point Source Category Effluent Guidelines and Standards.40 CFR 415.
^EPA (2005). Iron and Steel Manufacturing Point Source Category Effluent Guidelines and Standards.40 CFR 420.
^EPA (2016). Oil and Gas Extraction Point Source Category Effluent Guidelines and Standards.40 CFR 435.
^EPA (1982). Petroleum Refining Point Source Category Effluent Guidelines and Standards.40 CFR 419.
^EPA (2002). Pulp, Paper and Paperboard Point Source Category Effluent Guidelines and Standards.40 CFR 430.
^EPA (1984). Sugar Processing Point Source Category Effluent Guidelines and Standards.40 CFR 409.
^EPA (1982). Textile Mills Point Source Category Effluent Guidelines and Standards.40 CFR 410.
^"EPA Administered Permit Programs: The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System."Code of Federal Regulations,40 CFR 122.2.
^EPA (2002). Pulp, Paper and Paperboard Point Source Category.Code of Federal Regulations,40 CFR 430.01.

External links

[carruth-1] Carruth, Russellyn S.; Goldstein, Bernard D. (2013). "Defining New Sources".Environmental Health Law: An Introduction.Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.ISBN 9781118420874.

[2] United States. Clean Air Act, section 111,42 U.S.C.§ 7411.

[3] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). "Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources."Code of Federal Regulations,40 CFR 60.

[4] "Rule and Implementation Information for Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources–Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry Wastewater".Air Toxics.EPA. 2016-02-23.40 CFR Part 60, Subpart YYY.

[5] "Rule and Implementation Information for New Source Performance Standards for Boilers (Steam Generating Units)".Air Toxics.EPA. 2016-02-23.40 CFR Part 60, Subparts D-Dc.

[6] "Rule and Implementation Information for Standards of Performance for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills".Air Toxics.EPA. 2016-02-23.40 CFR Part 60, Subparts Cc and WWW.

[7] "Rule Information for Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources–Petroleum Refineries".Air Toxics.EPA. 2016-02-23.40 CFR Part 60, Subparts J & Ja.

[8] "Rule and Implementation Information–New Source Performance Standards for Stationary Gas Turbines".Air Toxics.EPA. 2016-02-23.40 CFR part 60, Subpart GG.

[9] United States. Clean Water Act, section 306(a),33 U.S.C.§ 1316(a).

[10] "Learn About Effluent Guidelines".EPA. 2018-11-21.

[11] EPA (2002). Coal Mining Point Source Category Effluent Guidelines and Standards.40 CFR 434.

[12] EPA (2008). Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations Effluent Guidelines and Standards.40 CFR 412.

[13] EPA (1974). Dairy Products Processing Point Source Category Effluent Guidelines and Standards.40 CFR 405.

[14] EPA (1982). Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing Point Source Category Effluent Guidelines and Standards.40 CFR 415.

[15] EPA (2005). Iron and Steel Manufacturing Point Source Category Effluent Guidelines and Standards.40 CFR 420.

[16] EPA (2016). Oil and Gas Extraction Point Source Category Effluent Guidelines and Standards.40 CFR 435.

[17] EPA (1982). Petroleum Refining Point Source Category Effluent Guidelines and Standards.40 CFR 419.

[18] EPA (2002). Pulp, Paper and Paperboard Point Source Category Effluent Guidelines and Standards.40 CFR 430.

[19] EPA (1984). Sugar Processing Point Source Category Effluent Guidelines and Standards.40 CFR 409.

[20] EPA (1982). Textile Mills Point Source Category Effluent Guidelines and Standards.40 CFR 410.

[21] "EPA Administered Permit Programs: The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System."Code of Federal Regulations,40 CFR 122.2.

[22] EPA (2002). Pulp, Paper and Paperboard Point Source Category.Code of Federal Regulations,40 CFR 430.01.

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v t e Presidency of Richard Nixon(1969–1974)
Timeline	Transition First inauguration "Bring Us Together" Second inauguration Silent majority 1970 Lincoln Memorial visit 1970 SOTU Address 1971 SOTU Address 1972 SOTU Address 1973 SOTU Address 1974 SOTU Address VP confirmation of Gerald Ford Wilson desk Judicial appointments Supreme Court controversies Executive Orders Presidential Proclamations
Foreign policy	International trips Nixon Doctrine Vietnam War Cambodian bombing Paris Peace Accords "Peace with Honor" Vietnamization Cold War period Linkage policy Tar Baby option 1972 visit to China Shanghai Communiqué 1973 Chilean coup d'état Détente 1972 Moscow Summit Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty SALT I Treaty Washington Summit Prevention of Nuclear War Agreement Threshold Test Ban Treaty Operation CHAOS Space exploration
Domestic policy	Family Assistance Plan Revised Philadelphia Plan Minority Business Development Agency Native American policy Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act Education Amendments of 1972 Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants Title IX Rehabilitation Act of 1973 Equal Educational Opportunities Act of 1974 Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 National Cancer Act of 1971 End Stage Renal Disease Program Supplemental Security Income Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973 Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act Shafer Commission War on drugs Drug Enforcement Administration Cannabis policy Federal Contested Elections Act Federal Election Campaign Act 1970 VRA Amendments District of Columbia Home Rule Act Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 Congressional Research Service
Economic policy	Bank Secrecy Act Fair Credit Reporting Act National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1970 Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1973 Nixon shock Economic Stabilization Act of 1970 Smithsonian Agreement Occupational Safety and Health Act National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Occupational Safety and Health Administration Permissible exposure limit U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission Consumer Product Safety Act Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention Act Poison Prevention Packaging Act of 1970 Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act Securities Investor Protection Act Securities Investor Protection Corporation Tax Reform Act of 1969 Alternative minimum tax Revenue Act of 1971 Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 Agricultural Act of 1970 Farm Credit Act of 1971 Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act of 1972 Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973 Federal Energy Administration Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act Emergency Daylight Saving Time Energy Conservation Act Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act
Environmental policy	Council on Environmental Quality Environmental Quality Improvement Act National Environmental Policy Act Environmental Protection Agency Clean Air Amendments of 1970 Clean Water Act Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act National Ambient Air Quality Standards National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants New Source Performance Standards Noise Control Act Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1970 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Coastal Zone Management Act Coastal Zone Management Program Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement Marine Mammal Protection Act Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 Endangered Species Act of 1969 Endangered Species Act of 1973 Oil Pollution Act of 1973 Water Resources Development Act of 1974
Watergate	Timeline Operation Sandwedge Operation Gemstone Saturday Night Massacre CRP White House Plumbers Watergate Seven Enemies List list of opponents White House tapes United States v. Nixon(1974) Senate Watergate Committee impeachment process Resignation Pardon
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