Ngaben
Ngaben,also known asPitra Yadnya,Pelebonor cremation ceremony, is the Hindu funeral ritual ofBali,Indonesia.[3][4][5]A Ngaben is performed to release the soul of a dead person so that it can enter the upper realm where it can wait for it to be reborn or become liberated from the cycles ofrebirths.[1][6]The Balinese Hindu theology holds that there is a competition between evil residents of the lower realm to capture this soul, and a proper cremation enhances the chance that it may reach the upper realm.[1]
A quick Ngaben is preferred, but usually too expensive.[1][7]In Balinese culture, people go through an interim state where they bury the dead for a while usually nearPura Prajapati,pool funds and cremate many recently dead on the same day in an elaborate community-based Ngaben ceremony.[1][8][9]Once the families are financially ready, they select an auspicious day, makebade(coffins) to carry the dead, and announce the event in the village. The families also make apatulanganto cremate the body in,[7]which is either alembu(bull or mythical animal-shaped bamboo-wood-paper coffin) to burn with the dead, or a woodenwadah(temple-like structure).[3][1]Once the corpse is ready for the cremation ground, it is washed, dressed in Balinese attire, family and friends pay their last goodbye with prayers and the mourners take it for cremation. They carry the corpses with rites, dressed in traditional attire, accompanied withgamelanmusic and singing, to thekuburan(cremation grounds).[1]If the path passes through major road crossings, the coffin is rotated three times to confuse the evil residents of the lower realm.[1][3]
At the cremation ground, the corpse is placed into the bull-shapedlembuor temple-shapedwadah,final hymns are recited and the cremation pyre lit.[2]While the corpse burns, the Balinese music team plays thebeleganjurmusic, a battle song symbolizing the soul's fight with evil underworld to reach the worry-free upper realm.[1][10]Twelve days after the cremation, the families collect the ashes, fill it inside coconut shell, carry it to nearby ocean or sea to return the remains back to the elements.[1]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^abcdefghijVictoria Williams (2016).Celebrating Life Customs around the World: From Baby Showers to Funerals.ABC-CLIO. pp. 193–194.ISBN978-1-4408-3659-6.
- ^abWilliam A. Haviland; Harald E. L. Prins; Bunny McBride; et al. (2010).Cultural Anthropology: The Human Challenge.Cengage. p. 310.ISBN978-0-495-81082-7.
- ^abcJavier A. Galván (2014).A Cultural Encyclopedia of Extraordinary and Exotic Customs from around the World; They Do What?.ABC-CLIO. pp. 217–219.ISBN978-1-61069-342-4.
- ^Djoko Moeljo (1993).Bali, the World's Belonging.Dahara. pp. 89–90.
- ^Saputra, I. Putu Adi, and I. Ketut Laba Sumarjiana (2016) "TARI BARIS KATEKOK JAGO DI SESA DARMASABA, KECAMATAN ABIANSEMAL, KABUPATEN BADUNG." Jurnal Santiaji Pendidikan (JSP) 6, no. 1, Quote: "Pitra yadnya (Ngaben/Pelebon) ceremony";
Nyoman Budiartha Raka Mandi (2017), Study of Sanur Port Development Strategy To A Marina Oriented, IRJES, Volume 6, Issue 3 (March 2017), page 5, Quote: "Balinese's Hindu funerals that focused on cremation known as Ngaben or Pelebon" - ^Bakan, Michael B. (2011). "Preventive Care for the Dead: Music, Community, and the Protection of Souls in Balinese Cremation Ceremonies".Oxford Handbooks Online.Oxford University Press.doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199756261.013.0011.
- ^abLewis H. Mates (2016).Encyclopedia of Cremation.Routledge. pp. 82–83.ISBN978-1-317-14383-3.
- ^Thomas Stodulka; Birgitt Röttger-Rössler (2014).Feelings at the Margins: Dealing with Violence, Stigma and Isolation in Indonesia.Campus Verlag. pp. 67–68.ISBN978-3-593-50005-8.
- ^David J. Stuart-Fox (2002).Pura Besakih: Temple, Religion and Society in Bali.KITLV. pp. 92–94, 207–209.ISBN978-90-6718-146-4.
- ^Russell Hartenberger (2016).The Cambridge Companion to Percussion.Cambridge University Press. pp. 462–464.ISBN978-1-316-54621-5.
External links
[edit]- NGABEN: KETIKA KEMATIAN HANYA SEMENTARA,Wegig Murwonugroho (2006)
- Ngaben, the Balinese cremation ceremony,Latitudes (2011)
- Intimate photojournalism account of Bali family Ngaben,Tahnia Roberts (2011)
- bahasa daerah bali,cafeberita