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Nikšić

Coordinates:42°46′40″N18°57′00″E/ 42.77778°N 18.95000°E/42.77778; 18.95000
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Nikšić
Townandmunicipality
From the top, View of the city, Monastery of Župa,Tsar's Bridge
Flag of Nikšić
Flag
Coat of arms of Nikšić
Coat of arms
Nikšić is located in Montenegro
Nikšić
Nikšić
Location within Montenegro
Nikšić is located in Balkans
Nikšić
Nikšić
Nikšić (Balkans)
Coordinates:42°46′40″N18°57′00″E/ 42.77778°N 18.95000°E/42.77778; 18.95000
CountryMontenegro
MunicipalityNikšić
Founded4th century as Anderba and 5th century as Anagastum
Settlements110
Government
• MayorMarko Kovačević(NSD)
• Ruling coalitionDF–DCG–SNP–URA
Area
•Townandmunicipality2,065 km2(797 sq mi)
Population
(2011)[1]
• Rank2nd in Montenegro
• Density37/km2(100/sq mi)
•Urban
56,970
•Rural
15,473
• Municipality
66,725 (2,023 preliminary)Decrease
Time zoneUTC+1
• Summer (DST)UTC+2(CEST)
Postal code
81400
Area code+382 40
Car platesNK
ISO 3166-2 codeME-12
Websiteniksic.me

Nikšić(Montenegrin:Никшић,pronounced[nîkʃit͡ɕ]),[a]is the second largest city inMontenegro,with a total population of 56,970 (2011 census) located in the west of the country, in the centre of the spacious Nikšić field at the foot of Trebjesa Hill. It is the center ofNikšić Municipalitywith population of 66,725 according to 2023 census, which is the largest municipality by area and second most inhabited afterPodgorica.It was also the largest municipality by area in the former Yugoslavia. It is an important industrial, cultural, and educational center.

Name

[edit]

In classical antiquity, the area of Nikšić was the site of the settlement of theIllyriantribe of the Endirudini and was known in sources of the time as Anderba or Enderon.[3]The Roman Empire built amilitary camp(castrum Anderba) in the 4th century AD, which was known as the Ostrogothic fortressAnagastum(after 459. AD). After Slavic settlement in the region, Anagastum became SlavicOnogošt,which was the name of the town andžupa(county) in theMiddle Ages.Onogošt was renamed as Nikšić in the middle of 15th century after theNikšići,aMontenegrin tribe.[4]

History

[edit]

Antiquity

[edit]

The region formed one of the core areas of theIllyrian kingdomwith its capital inRhizon.It was inhabited by the Endirudini, who figure in the list of tribes which surrendered toOctavianin 33 BC. The Endirudini were one of the tribes who were included in the administrative reorganization of the tribal units in the early Roman Empire and became part of the Docleatae withDocleaas their administrative center.[3]

Middle Ages

[edit]
Anagastum

During the Early Middle Ages, it was located within the South Slavic (Sklavenoi) tribal provinces ofTravuniaorDuklja(which were under the authority of theSerbian Principalityof theVlastimirović dynasty). With the fall of the Vlastimirovići and the hinterland regions in the second half of the 10th century, Doclea was resurrected withStefan Vojislavand hisVojislavljević dynasty,succeeded byStefan Nemanjaand hisNemanjić dynasty,at which time the Onogošt župa existed. With thefall of the Serbian Empire,Onogošt came under the rule ofKingdom of Bosniain 1373, and was under the rule of theKosača noble family,which held territory inHerzegovinafrom 1448 until Herzegovina fell to the Ottomans.

Ottoman Empire

[edit]
Bedem castle ruins
Carev Mostwas designed by Nikšić's city planner Josip Slade and completed in 1894.

TheOttoman Empiretook control of Onogošt in 1465,[5]and it stayed under control of the Turks for more than four hundred years, as a part ofHerzegovina Province.[citation needed]Onogošt was first referred to as "Nikšić" in a document titledRadonia Pribisalich de Nichsichprinted in 1518.[6]Evliya Çelebimentioned Serbs who live in the villages around Nikšić.[7]The name "Nikšić" was used alongside Onogošt until 1767, when the name Nikšić was officially implemented after anayancouncil, a high-profile meeting of Ottoman feudal lords which was relatively common at the time.[8]During the later years of Ottoman occupation, the town served as a significant fortified military stronghold. During the course of Ottoman rule, a total of fourmosqueswere built in Nikšić.[9]The first one,Donjogradska,was constructed between 1695 and 1703.[9]A second mosque calledHadžidanušawas constructed sometime in the early 1700s by an Ottoman military captain, Hadži-Husejin Danević; it was colloquially known as the "short mosque" because it had nominarets.[9]A third mosque, known simply as "Pasha's mosque", was the largest in Nikšić. It was said to be architecturally similar toJashar Pasha MosqueinPristina.[9]A fourth mosque calledHadži-Ismail's mosquewas erected in 1807, and was the only mosque to survive the departure of the Ottoman Empire from Nikšić later that century.[9]

Under the influence of theFirst Serbian Uprising,in the summer of 1805, the movement of Herzegovinian Serbs wanting to start an uprising appeared in Nikšić.[10]The people of Nikšić relied on and cooperated with theharambašasfromPopovo Polje,Trebinjeand Trebinje Šuma, (Serbian:Требињска шума),[b]and calculated that 19,000 Serbs could rise up in revolt, while weapons were to arrive from Russia, via Greece. The Turks reacted to that by sending 10,000 soldiers led by pasha Kauzlarić to quell the rebellion. After the suppression of the uprising by the Turks, in which local Slavic Muslims probably took part, there was no more mention of the wider rebellion in historical sources.[10]

In 1807, armed forces led byPetar I Petrović-Njegošalong with 1,000Russian troopsattempted to take Nikšić, but Ottoman forces prevailed.[9]On July 18, 1876, thePrincipality of Montenegrodefeated Ottoman forces in theBattle of Vučji Doin the western edge of themunicipality of Nikšić.On 27 August 1877, the rest of Nikšić was taken by theMontenegrinArmy under the command of VojvodaMašo Vrbicaafter a 47-day siege against the Ottoman authorities.[11]English archaeologistArthur Evanswitnessed the negotiations betweenNicholas I of Montenegro(Nikola I) and the remaining Bosniaks (Muslims) after the siege, and subsequently wrote about them in his diary:

"Prince Nikola upon entering Nikšić directly invited representatives of Muslim citizens and informed them that whoever decides to stay is guaranteed complete personal freedom, freedom to retain homes, land, and all property, complete freedom of religion and that they will enjoy all the rights of Montenegrin citizenry, even including the right to carry arms. On the other hand, those who decide to leave will be allowed to bring any mobile goods and the Montenegrin government will issue a horse and an envoy up to the border."[11]

Principality and Kingdom of Montenegro (1877–1918)

[edit]

Nikšić was officially recognized as a part of thePrincipality of Montenegroin theTreaty of Berlin.The small Ottoman hamlet began to transform into a modern urban settlement. The first urban plan was adopted in 1883, commissioned byKing Nikola,who appointedCroatianarchitect Josip Slade to develop the city planning.[12]In addition to designing contemporary Nikšić, he also designed the monumentalCarev Mostnearby.[12]

Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941)

[edit]

The ousting ofKing Nikolaand the context of the transition to theKingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenesresulted in considerable tension and even violence in Nikšić. On December 23, 1918, Nikšić was the site of a skirmish betweenMontenegrin Greensand Serbian troops under the command of Dragan Milutinović. The Greens had launched an attack on Nikšić during theChristmas Uprising,although Serbian forces prevailed.[13]Even after the Christmas Uprising ended, some Montenegrin Greens continued resisting the Yugoslav government for many years. On December 28, 1923, 11 Montenegrin "Komiti" who continued guerilla activities after the Christmas Uprising were executed in Nikšić by the Serbian Gendarmery.[14]

Nikšić saw the establishment of rail transport during the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. On July 12, 1938, after thirteen years of on-and-off construction, the first train arrived fromBilećaat the newly constructed railway station in Nikšić.[15]A gate was decorated in front of the new station, on which a portrait ofKing Petar IIwas installed with "Long Live Yugoslavia!" written under the portrait.[15]Approximately 5,000 people waited for the first train to arrive, even when its arrival was delayed by two hours on a hot day.[15]During the delay, much of the public was reportedly impatient, with two war veterans leading akolo danceon the railroad tracks before the train arrived.[15]

World War II

[edit]

DuringWorld War II,Nikšić was first occupied by theItalian governorate in Montenegro.The occupation resulted in several insurrections, with one of the earliest started by theYugoslav Partisans.The first Partisan advances were violently repressed, as Nikšić became the site of a large number ofpublic executions,including those of notable communistsLjubo Čupićand 16-year old Joka Baletić.[16]

Over the course of April 7–8, 1944, Nikšić was bombed by theRoyal Air Force,usingVickers Wellingtonlong-range bombers.[17]One of theYugoslav Partisans' commanders in Montenegro,Peko Dapčević,requested toJosip Broz Titothatallied forcesbomb Nikšić in order to force out theNazi occupation.[17]The recorded number of casualties from the bombing raid vary depending on different sources, ranging from approximately 200[16]to 500 killed.[17]

SFR Yugoslavia (1945–1991)

[edit]

After the end of World War II, Nikšić became the site of unprecedented industrial and political developments. On September 24, 1948, six unmarkedSupermarine Spitfireaircraft landed atKapino Polje Airport,where they were retrofitted and delivered to theIsraeli Air Forcein a secret operation.[18]During the operation, the airport was quarantined from the public byYugoslavia's State Security Administration.[18]The unmarked aircraft were flown by pilots from theIsraeli Air Force,and three of them were used in the1948 Arab–Israeli Warless than a month later.[18]

One of the biggest changes in Nikšić were the construction of new factories, particularly the metal processing plant "Boris Kidrič", whichJosip Broz Titofirst visited in May 1959. Tito visited the Boris Kidrič plant again on May 12, 1969, after it was reported that the plant recorded a positive net revenue for the previous quarter-year for the first time since its establishment.[19]During his second visit to Nikšić, Tito insisted that negative business results be addressed by modernizing machinery in the factory, as opposed to placing responsibility solely on workers.[19]By 1985, the Boris Kidrič metal works employed over 6,500 workers, although that year twostrikestook place.[20]Chronic inflation of the Yugoslav dinar had already begun, and the metal works were dependent on imports in order to produce. This added pressure to raise prices of steel products, which in turn made them less competitive with steel from western Europe.[20]

The city population was increased tenfold, and Nikšić became the heart of Montenegrin industrial complex. During thesocialist republicera, the city flourished, assteelandironworks,bauxitemines, electricity production,breweryandwood processingindustries were set up in and around the city.

During the Yugoslav Wars

[edit]

With thebreakup of Yugoslavia,Nikšić was hit hard with the hyperinflation of theYugoslav dinar,international sanctions,and overall decline throughout Yugoslavia during the 1990s. Nikšić had a large amount of reservists in theYugoslav People's Army.Between 62[21]and 77JNAsoldiers killed in theYugoslav Warswere from Nikšić alone.[22]Political tension in Nikšić was polarized between Serbian nationalist and Montenegrin secessionist groups. Although Nikšić did not experience violence from the war in neighboring Bosnia, there were some extraordinary incidents. In the fall of 1992,Vojislav Šešeljplanned to hold aSerbian Radical Partyrally in Nikšić.[23]However, a local named Brano Mićunović plotted to assassinate Šešelj outside of a tunnel upon entering Nikšić, and Šešelj ultimately cancelled the meeting after hearing about the plot.[24]In June 1993, Hadži-Ismail's mosque was destroyed during unrest.[25]

Years of wartime tension and widespread poverty took a toll on the city. In 1996, Nikšić recorded the second-most suicides out of any city inYugoslavia.[26]After a period of twenty days during which six suicides and two murders took place, clergymen in Nikšić decided to start an annual public liturgy, orLitija,which was attended by tens of thousands of worshipers who walked all the way fromOstrog Monasteryin May 1996.[26]

Local administration

[edit]

Municipal parliament

[edit]

The municipal parliament consists of 41 deputies elected directly for a four-year term.

Party / Coalition Seats Local government
DPS–SD–LPCG–PKS
18 / 41
 Opposition
DF–SNP
11 / 41
 Government
DCG–Demos
10 / 41
 Government
United Reform Action
1 / 41
 Opposition
Popular Movement
1 / 41
 Opposition

Mayor

[edit]

Mayor of Nikšićis the head of the town and municipality of Nikšić. He acts on behalf of the town, and performs an executive function in the municipality of Nikšić. Current mayor isMarko Kovačević,member of the right-wingDemocratic Front.

List of Mayors since introduction of multi-party system (1990–present):

Geography

[edit]
Krupac Lake near Nikšić

Nikšić is situated in north-central Montenegro. It is located at the centre of the spaciousNikšić field(Nikšićko polje), akarst plain[27]with an area of 48 km2,and an elevation of 640 mAMSL.The plain is surrounded by inhospitable rocky mountainous terrain, a typical landscape of western Montenegro. The city itself is located at the foot of theTrebjesahill.

Zetariver originates in theNikšić field,and flows near the city of Nikšić, before it becomes asubterranean riversouth of the city. The river caused frequent flooding of the plain, until the construction ofHydroelectric power plantPerućicain 1960. The construction of the power plant resulted in creation of three largeartificial lakesnear the city -Krupac Lake,Slano LakeandVrtac Lake.Today, the lakes are a popular recreation and relaxation retreats for the citizens of Nikšić.

Climate

[edit]

Under theKöppen climate classification,Nikšić has anoceanic climate(Cfb), which is influenced by theMediterranean climatedrying trend during summer.[28]The average temperature in January is 1.7 °C (35.1 °F), while in July it is 20.4 °C (68.7 °F). Average humidity amounts to 69%. Nikšić receives 2,238 hours of sunshine per year, with warm and moderately wet summers, and cool and rainy winters. On average, there are 19 days per year with snowfall.

Climate data for Nikšić (1991–2020, extremes 1949–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 17.7
(63.9) 		21.2
(70.2) 		23.5
(74.3) 		27.7
(81.9) 		30.6
(87.1) 		34.9
(94.8) 		39.4
(102.9) 		40.8
(105.4) 		36.6
(97.9) 		29.4
(84.9) 		27.6
(81.7) 		18.4
(65.1) 		40.8
(105.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 6.5
(43.7) 		7.3
(45.1) 		10.8
(51.4) 		15.0
(59.0) 		20.1
(68.2) 		24.9
(76.8) 		28.3
(82.9) 		28.9
(84.0) 		22.9
(73.2) 		17.7
(63.9) 		12.3
(54.1) 		7.7
(45.9) 		16.9
(62.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −1.5
(29.3) 		−0.9
(30.4) 		1.8
(35.2) 		5.4
(41.7) 		9.4
(48.9) 		13.1
(55.6) 		15.3
(59.5) 		15.4
(59.7) 		11.3
(52.3) 		7.3
(45.1) 		3.4
(38.1) 		−0.2
(31.6) 		6.7
(44.0)
Record low °C (°F) −20.2
(−4.4) 		−17
(1) 		−11.6
(11.1) 		−5.4
(22.3) 		−1.4
(29.5) 		0.4
(32.7) 		5.0
(41.0) 		5.4
(41.7) 		0.6
(33.1) 		−4.0
(24.8) 		−9.3
(15.3) 		−15.6
(3.9) 		−20.2
(−4.4)
Averageprecipitationmm (inches) 208.4
(8.20) 		194.4
(7.65) 		185.6
(7.31) 		170.3
(6.70) 		108.2
(4.26) 		92.7
(3.65) 		61.0
(2.40) 		90.2
(3.55) 		138.1
(5.44) 		201.7
(7.94) 		300.6
(11.83) 		239.1
(9.41) 		1,990.3
(78.34)
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) 13 12 12 13 12 12 8 8 8 10 13 13 134
Averagerelative humidity(%) 72 70 67 67 67 67 57 59 66 71 75 74 68
Mean monthlysunshine hours 112.9 116.8 151.1 169.0 213.2 238.4 312.2 284.6 226.5 187.9 117.2 107.9 2,237.7
Source 1: Hydrological and Meteorological Service of Montenegro[29][30]
Source 2: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration[31]

Cityscape

[edit]
An older picture of Nikšić
Vuka Mićunovića in Nikšić

Although Nikšić area has seen human settlements since antiquity, most of the modern Nikšić is aplanned city.Very little remains of theOttomanarchitectural heritage, despite the long presence ofOttoman Empirein the area. The city layout visible today still follows the 1883 urban plan commissioned byKing Nicholasand designed byCroatianarchitect Josip Slade.

According to this plan, the streets of Nikšić radiate to the north and east from the central city square (today aroundabout), locally known asSkver.The radial streets are intersected by circumferential streets and avenues, thus creating a half-spider web-like street layout.

Layers of different architectural styles and urban patterns are evident along the radial network of streets. Thus, closest to the central roundabout is the historical core of Nikšić, formed after the liberation from Ottoman Empire, and serving as a nucleus for Slade's urban plan. This area, on the foot ofTrebjesa Hill,is home toKing NicholasPalace,City Park, andFreedom Square,main city square located along the centralNjegoševaStreet.The area is composed of mostly single or two storeyrow housingwith basic designs, an architecture typical for late 19th and early 20th centuries Montenegro. The roundabout and the surrounding area is still the focal point of activities in the city, as bus and train stations, as well as commercial and civic services are located in the area.

Freedom Square in Nikšić on the eve of the Statehood Day 2018 as seen from the south

Farther from the central roundabout, the historical core is encircled with a layer of mass residential blocks, built during theSFRYera. The building of the highrise residential blocks facilitated housing of the large population drawn to the city by rapid post-World War IIindustrialisation. The SFRY era apartment blocks are still home for the majority of residents of Nikšić.

Beyond the blocks, the city expanded in form of asuburbansprawl, that consists ofdetached housing.Close to the city blocks and major industrial areas, the lowrise single home suburbs are built with well executed urban plans, but farther away from the center, the city expanded in a chaotic and informal way. In addition, the rural areas south of Nikšić have merged with the city, so low density suburbs extend from the city in every direction, covering much of theNikšić Field.

Culture

[edit]
King Nikola's Palace
Church of St. Basil of Ostrog in Nikšić

Although mostly perceived as an industrial center, Nikšić is also a city of rich cultural heritage. The most significant cultural institution in the city isCentar Za Kulturu(Cultural Center), which incorporates the city's major public cultural establishments:

  • Zavičajni Muzej(County Museum), situated inthe former royal Palace of King Nikola,documents the historical development of the city.
  • Nikšić art gallery
  • Public libraryandPublic archive
  • Nikšić theater
  • Zahumljefolk music society
  • Stari Grad Andervaart society

The most significant cultural event in the city isSeptembarski Dani Kulture(September days of Culture), that is one of the most recognizable cultural happenings in Montenegro. Other annual artistic events includePjesnik na korzu(Poet on the promenade),Međunarodni festival glumca(International actors festival),Međunarodni festival kamerne muzike(International festival of chamber music),Međunarodni festival gitare(International guitar festival).Lake Festrock festival, held annually at Krupac lake andBedem Festrock festival, held at Bedem Castle are gaining ground as one of the most recognizable music festivals in the former Yugoslav region.

Nikšić is known for its distinctive cultural atmosphere andbohemianart scene, with poetVitomir Nikolićand singers/songwriters likeMiladin ŠobićorMarinko Pavićevićas prominent representatives of the Nikšić bohemian spirit.Živko Nikolić,a native of Nikšić, is considered the most significant Montenegrin movie director.

Media scene of Nikšić is mostly confined topublic broadcastersTV NikšićandRadio Nikšić,and a number of commercial radio stations.RiječandLučamagazines, published by theFaculty of Philologyand theFaculty of Philosophyrespectively, as well asPoznanstvachildren magazine, are also a part of Nikšić cultural scene.

Education

[edit]

Nikšić is home to 40 educational institutions. Among those are 11 nurseries, 25 elementary schools of which one is elementary music school and 4 high schools, including the Stojan Cerović Gymnasium.

Nikšić is also home to three faculties of theUniversity of Montenegro:

Sports

[edit]

Nikšić is regarded as one of the centers of Montenegrin sport. Thecombat sportsare particularly popular in Nikšić, with a strong tradition injudo,karateandboxing.Nikšić judokas have been exceptionally successful at international competitions.

Sutjeska football clubis the pillar of the citysoccertradition. The club has risen to theYugoslav First Leagueduring theSFRY era,and is one of the most successful clubs since theMontenegrin First Leaguewas established in 2006.City Stadiumis the club's home field.FK Čelikis also becoming more prominent as it has reached theUEFA Europa Leaguequalifying phase.

In basketball, not only has Nikšić produced great players (Bojan Dubljevic or Ana Pocek for example), but the local teamKK Sutjeska Nikšićbecame champions of theMontenegrin Basketball Cupin 2013.

Other team sports, particularlyhandballandvolleyball,are also popular in Nikšić.

BesidesCity Stadium,other significant sporting venue is theNikšić Sports Center.This facility features a 3,000 seat indoor sports hall,olympic-size swimming pool,6-lanebowling alley,sportsshooting range,tennisandfutsalcourts, and various other facilities.

Vučje ski resort is 18 km away from the city center, making winter sports a popular recreation among the citizens of Nikšić.

Demographics

[edit]

Population (city)

Census Population
1948 9,485
1953 14,804
1961 26,569
1971 40,107
1981 50,399
1991 55,718
2003 58,212
2011 56,970

Nikšić is administrative centre ofNikšić Municipality,which incorporates a densely populated fertile plain called "Župa", and has a population of 66,725 (2023. census).[32]

Nikšić Municipality can be viewed as ametropolitan areaof the city of Nikšić.

Ethnicity

[edit]

Source: Statistical Office of Montenegro - MONSTAT, Census 2011[33]

Ethnicity Number Percentage
Montenegrins 36,713 64.44%
Serbs 13,584 23.84%
Romani 466 0.81%
Balkan Egyptians 446 0.81%
Bosniaks 216 0.37%
Croats 135 0.23%
Albanians 72 0.12%
ethnic Muslims 63 0.11%
Other 219 0.38%
not declared 3843 6.74%
Total 56,970 100%

Religion

[edit]

Source: Statistical Office of Montenegro - MONSTAT, Census 2011[34]

Religion Number Percentage
Eastern Orthodoxy 51,539 90.46%
Islam 1707 2.99%
Atheism 689 1.2%
Catholicism 201 0.35%
Other 619 1.08%
not declared 1987 3.48%
Total 56,970 100%

Economy

[edit]

Nikšić is, alongside Podgorica, one of the biggest industrial centres of Montenegro. Asteel mill(Nikšićka Željezara),bauxitemine, theTrebjesa brewery(Nikšićka Pivara), and many more are concentrated in this city.

These big industries had struggled to survive the collapse of thesocialist economy,but have since recovered. The process ofprivatizationis either finished or still in progress for some of these industries.

Today those industry giants cannot employ as many workers as they could back in the days ofSocialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia,and the economy of Nikšić is slowly transforming into one that is more service-oriented. In 1981 Niksic's GDP per capita was 91% of the Yugoslav average.[35]

Transport

[edit]

Road

[edit]
Traffic roundabout

Nikšić's main road connection isE762highway, which connects Nikšić with Podgorica to the southeast, and withPlužineand on to theFočaandSarajevo(Bosnia and Hercegovina) to the northwest. Another recently reconstructed north/south Montenegrin road corridor passes through Nikšić, theRisan/Trebinje-Nikšić-Šavnik-Žabljakroad. This road is the shortest connection Nikšić has withBay of Kotorand Montenegrin coast. Nikšić also has the distinction of being one of the first Montenegrin towns to have abypass road.The bypass, built during theSFRYera, has been upgraded in 2011, and now services every transit corridor of Nikšić, directing all transit traffic away from the urban core. Like many cities in the former Yugoslavia, Nikšić is the hub of multipleintercity buscompanies, the largest of them beingGlušica Nikšićand4 Decembar Nikšićwhich operate to destinations as far asSarajevoandBelgrade.

Rail

[edit]
Construction of the train station in 1938

Nikšić is the terminus ofNikšić-Podgorica railway,which is sole rail connection of the city. This railway line connects withBelgrade-BarandPodgorica–Shkodërlines in Podgorica.

This rail link has been used mainly to transport bauxite from Nikšić bauxite mine toPodgorica Aluminium Plant.It is currently under reconstruction and electrification, and passenger service will be reintroduced once the reconstruction is completed. ThreeCAF CivityEMUshave been ordered byRailways of Montenegrospecifically to serve this railway, cutting the travel time between Nikšić and Podgorica to only 50 minutes. The first of the new trains will go into service on June 1, 2013.[36][37]

Nikšić obtained itsnarrow-gauge(760 mm(2 ft5+15⁄16in)) railway connection withBosnia and HerzegovinaviaBilećaandTrebinjewhen the railway line was extended from Bileća and opened in 1938. Not far from Trebinje, the narrow-gauge line used to branch off in three directions: towardsČapljinain Bosnia and Herzegovina,ZelenikainBay of Kotorin Montenegro (a dead end), andDubrovnikinCroatia(also a dead end). After reaching Čapljina, the line used to run to the south, to thePločeharbour in Croatia, and to the north, to the rest of the world viaMostarandSarajevo.[38]The narrow-gauge extension from Nikšić to Titograd (Podgorica), built by youth work brigades, was opened in 1948. That extension was converted to standard gauge (1,435 mm(4 ft8+1⁄2in)) in 1965.[39]The narrow-gauge line from Nikšić to Čapljina was closed down in 1976 and dismantled soon after.[40]

Air

[edit]

Nikšić Airportis located on the western outskirts of the city. It is a small sport airport, that caters to needs ofgeneral aviation,and of local enthusiast aviation club. After significant reconstruction and expansion, the airport was chosen to be a host of 2010FAIWorld Parachuting Championships.[41]Scheduled passenger service has yet to be introduced.

Podgorica Airportis some 60 km (37 mi) away from Nikšić, and has regular flights toBelgrade,Sarajevo,Budapest,Zürich,Frankfurt,Ljubljana,Paris,RomeandVienna.BothTivatandDubrovnikairports are some 100 km (62 mi) away, and offer regular services to major European destinations.

International cooperation

[edit]
See also:List of twin towns and sister cities in Montenegro

Nikšić istwinnedwith:[42][43]

Notable individuals

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^According to the 2011 census, the "mother tongue" of 43.75% of the population of Nikšić was Montenegrin, while 45.44% claimed Serbian as their first language. A further 6.23% of people within Nikšić did not wish to answer the language question.[2]These languages are both represented in the introduction, although they render with identical orthography.
  2. ^Trebinje Šuma is the forested area between Trebinje and Poljica Popovo, along the riverTrebišnjica

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Montenegrin 2011 census".Monstat. 2011.
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Books

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Vasić, Milan (2005).Naselja na Balkanskom Poluostrvu od XVI do XVIII Vijeka(in Serbian). Banja Luka: Narodna I Univerzitetska Biblioteka Republike Srpske.ISBN99938-0-584-X.

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