Ningde

Ningde Ninh đức thị
Prefecture-level city
'Clockwise from top:Jiangbin Road along theMin River,Reach Heaven Cave atMount Taimu,Xian'gong Bridge inShouning County,houses in the old quarter of Ningde,aquacultureinXiapu County.
Location of Ningde City in Fujian
Ningde Ningde
Coordinates (Ningde municipal government):26°39′58″N119°32′52″E
Country	China
Province	Fujian
Municipal seat	Jiaocheng
Government
• CPC Secretary	Chen Rongkai
• Mayor	Chen Jiadong
Area
•Prefecture-level city	13,452 km2(5,194 sq mi)
Population (2010 Census)
•Prefecture-level city	2,821,996
• Density	210/km2(540/sq mi)
•Urban	343,262
•Metro	623,840
GDP
•Prefecture-level city	CN¥245.2 billion US$37.4 billion
• Per capita	CN¥ 84,251 US$ 12,849
Time zone	UTC+8(CST)
Postal code	352000, 355000
Area code	593
ISO 3166 code	CN-FJ-09
License Plate	Mân J
Local variety	Eastern Min
Cityflowers	Canna indica
Website	ningde.gov.cn

Ningdeis acitylocated along the northeastern coast ofFujian,China. It borders the provincial capital ofFuzhou Cityto the south,Wenzhou CityofZhejiangto the north, andNanpingto the west.

Theprefecture-levelNingde City administers 1district,2cities,6counties,as well as 124towns,townshipsandsubdistricts.Listed below are the district, cities and counties, first four of which are coastal whereas the rest locate in mountainous areas.

Situated roughly 300 kilometres (190 mi) north of theTropic of Cancer,the prefecture of Ningde spans 13,500 square kilometres (5,200 sq mi) in land area. Like the rest of the province, Ningde sits in a mountainous region but it also enjoys almost 200 kilometres (120 mi) ofcoastlinefacing theEast China Sea.Ningde is listed No.2 in China Integrated City Index 2016's environmental ranking, a study conducted by theNational Development and Reform Commission.

Economy

Agriculture

The warm and moist climate and fertile land in the prefecture of Ningde provide it with favorable conditions for agriculture. The largest agricultural exports from Ningde includemushroomandtea.The area also produces large quantities of various fruits, such asshaddocks,Chinese chestnuts,plums,honey peaches,lycheesandlongans.

Tea cultivation has long been an important industry of Ningde. By 1999 statistics, the total area of tea plantations in Ningde had reached 463 square kilometres (179 sq mi) and the output ofgreen teatook up 10.5 percent of that of the entire country. More than 1.2 million jobs were created directly and indirectly in different stages of the tea industry. Famous brands include the Tianshan Silver-Needle Tea, Baihao Silver-Needle Tea, Fenghuangshe, Lianyue Flower Tea and Xianyan Snow Peak.

The mountainous landscape and advantageous climate conditions are also beneficial to the development offorestry.Up to 1999, 8,482 square kilometres (3,275 sq mi), or 65.2 percent of the entire prefecture, are forested. Out of this area,bamboogroves occupy 600 square kilometres (230 sq mi), producing an annual output of six million bamboo products. InFu'analone, the green bamboo base has extended to 34 square kilometres (13 sq mi) and its output of greenbamboo shootstakes up more than 60 percent of the entire provincial output.

Aquaculture

The prefecture of Ningde is blessed with vast area of shallow sea, which is suitable foraquaculture.In 2000, aquatic products take up 41.3 percent of the total output value of agriculture from Ningde, with an exporting value of US$82,170,000 and an annualnet incomeexceedingRMB3,500 for local fishermen. Major products includeyellow croakers,oysters,razor clams,prawnsand freshwatereels.

Local government is attempting to use aquaculture as a springboard to eliminate poverty and improve the local economy. Up to 2000, aquaculture had created 370,000 jobs directly and indirectly; a total of RMB 4.5 billion had been invested, drawing an annual output value of RMB 2 billion.

Industry

Ningde is the producer of many nonmetallic mineral resources, such asgranite,dioriteandbasalt.The confirmed volume of granite reserves extends to 1,140 million cubic meters, while estimated amount of deposits undiscovered stands at several thousand million cubic meters. The mining area for basalt in Bailin,Fuding,known as Fuding Black, covers 0.21 square kilometres (0.081 sq mi) with a total deposit of up to 50 million cubic meters.

Ningde's rich hydropower resources give it a headstart in metallurgical industries. Products such asmagnesium,zirconium oxide,aluminum,high-puritysilicon carbide,and a series of othersiliconproducts from plants in the prefecture enjoy high reputation and are exempted from examination when exported toJapan.Advances in metallurgical technology also aids theshipbuildingindustry, a traditional trade in Ningde. In recent years, local shipyards have been capable of constructing 10,000-ton steamships.

Ningde owns electricity industry providing energy supply for the need of local as well as for other metropolitan areas such asFuzhouandWenzhou. China Datang Corporationruns 2520 MW fired power plant inFu'anCity. The first nuclear power plantNingde Nuclear Power Plantstart to operate from 2008.CFR-600is under construction inXiapucounty.

Battery industry is another fast growing sector in Ningde region.CATL( ninh đức thời đại ), the world's biggestlithium-ion batteriesmanufacturer has its headquarter and product line combining with upper stream product lines located inJiaocheng districtof Ningde.

Demographic substructure

According to the2010 Census,Ningde has aregistered populationof 3,393,698 inhabitants, although 2,821,996 persons declared to be permanent residents.It is also the primary residential region for theShe minority people,who take up to 25% of the total population. A majority of the population speakEastern Min.

Map
Jiaocheng Xiapu County Gutian County Pingnan County Shouning County Zhouning County Zherong County Fu'an (city) Fuding (city)

English Name	Simplified	Pinyin	Foochow	Area	Population	Density
Jiaocheng District	Tiêu thành khu	Jiāochéng Qū	Ciĕu-siàng-kṳ̆	1,537	623,840	279
Fu'an City	Phúc an thị	Fú'ān Shì	Hók-ăng-chê	1,795	563,640	314
Fuding City	Phúc đỉnh thị	Fúdǐng Shì	Hók-tīng-chê	1,526	529,534	347
Xiapu County	Hà phổ huyện	Xiápǔ Xiàn	Hà-puō-gâing	1,716	461,176	269
Gutian County	Cổ điền huyện	Gǔtián Xiàn	Kŭ-chèng-gâing	2,377	323,700	136
Pingnan County	Bình nam huyện	Píngnán Xiàn	Bìng-nàng-gâing	1,485	137,724	93
Shouning County	Thọ ninh huyện	Shòuníng Xiàn	Sêu-nìng-gâing	1,425	175,874	123
Zherong County	Chá vinh huyện	Zhèróng Xiàn	Ciá-ìng-gâing	544	88,387	162
Zhouning County	Chu ninh huyện	Zhōuníng Xiàn	Ciŭ-nìng-gâing	1,047	112,701	108

Climate

It is subjected to ahumid subtropical climate,with occasional threat oftyphoons.Within the prefecture, the mean annual temperature ranges from 13.4 to 20.2 °C (56.1 to 68.4 °F), while mean annualrainfallranges from 1,250 to 2,350 millimetres (49 to 93 in). The region also enjoys afrost-free period of 235 to 300 days per year, which is highly beneficial for soil agriculture.

Climate data for Ningde (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	25.4 (77.7)	28.7 (83.7)	30.9 (87.6)	33.9 (93.0)	36.1 (97.0)	38.2 (100.8)	40.2 (104.4)	37.8 (100.0)	37.5 (99.5)	32.7 (90.9)	32.4 (90.3)	26.2 (79.2)	40.2 (104.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	14.0 (57.2)	14.8 (58.6)	17.5 (63.5)	22.3 (72.1)	26.4 (79.5)	30.1 (86.2)	33.5 (92.3)	32.8 (91.0)	30.1 (86.2)	26.0 (78.8)	21.4 (70.5)	16.5 (61.7)	23.8 (74.8)
Daily mean °C (°F)	10.6 (51.1)	11.2 (52.2)	13.6 (56.5)	18.2 (64.8)	22.6 (72.7)	26.4 (79.5)	29.4 (84.9)	28.9 (84.0)	26.5 (79.7)	22.3 (72.1)	17.9 (64.2)	12.8 (55.0)	20.0 (68.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	8.3 (46.9)	8.8 (47.8)	11.0 (51.8)	15.2 (59.4)	19.7 (67.5)	23.6 (74.5)	26.3 (79.3)	25.9 (78.6)	23.6 (74.5)	19.3 (66.7)	15.2 (59.4)	10.2 (50.4)	17.3 (63.1)
Record low °C (°F)	−0.3 (31.5)	1.4 (34.5)	2.2 (36.0)	7.3 (45.1)	13.4 (56.1)	16.4 (61.5)	21.2 (70.2)	21.5 (70.7)	15.6 (60.1)	10.7 (51.3)	5.5 (41.9)	−1.4 (29.5)	−1.4 (29.5)
Averageprecipitationmm (inches)	81.9 (3.22)	101.6 (4.00)	166.4 (6.55)	147.2 (5.80)	217.2 (8.55)	297.6 (11.72)	207.5 (8.17)	323.0 (12.72)	213.0 (8.39)	85.5 (3.37)	89.4 (3.52)	74.4 (2.93)	2,004.7 (78.94)
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm)	13.5	15.1	18.5	16.3	18.0	17.6	13.1	16.2	14.6	9.0	11.3	11.5	174.7
Average snowy days	0.1	0.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.1	0.5
Averagerelative humidity(%)	77	79	79	78	79	81	76	76	75	71	74	74	77
Mean monthlysunshine hours	92.2	83.5	95.4	114.8	121.6	128.6	209.1	180.6	151.4	152.8	107.4	105.9	1,543.3
Percentpossible sunshine	28	26	25	30	29	31	50	45	41	43	33	33	35
Source:China Meteorological Administration

History

Statue ofLu Youon Nanji Hill inJiaocheng District

Ningde's history dates back to the Stamped Pottery Culture System (Hải ấn văn đào văn hóa hệ thốngHāi-éng-ùng-dò̤ Ùng-huá Hiê-tūng). As early as 10,000 to 20,000 years ago during the lateUpper Palaeolithicperiod of theStone Age(also known as the Old Stone Age) there were already human beings living and multiplying here. In 282, theJin Dynastygovernment established magistrate rule here.

Mongol-Manchu

During the first twenty-three years of theYuan dynasty(1206−1368), Funingzhou (Phúc ninh châuHók-nìng-ciŭ) Administration was set up. In 1736, during the reign of theYongzheng Emperorof theQing dynasty,Ningde was promoted to Funingfu (Phúc ninh phủHók-nìng-hū) Administration.

Republican

In 1934, an Administration Supervision Zone was set up here under theRepublic of China.After the establishment of thePeople's Republic of Chinain 1949, the Fu'an Special Administration Zone was established. Finally in June 1971 the Zone was promoted to Ningde Prefecture.Xi Jinpingserved as party chief of Ningde between 1988 and 1990.

Culture

An old district in urban Ningde City. Like many other Chinese cities, Ningde is developing fast economically and old houses like these are giving way to new, modern buildings.

The folk arts in Ningde are varied and colorful. Among thembantiejiparade (Bàn thiết kỹ),puppet lion dance,andpaper artare the most representative.

Thebantiejiparade, mostly seen during theChinese new year,is a folk art performance popularized in Ningde since theQing Dynasty.During the parade, children dressed as characters from variousChinese folkloresit or stand on parade vehicles, which were also decorated to resemble classic scenes such as the Heavenly Palace. The vehicles then cruise along the streets in the company of jovial music.

The puppet lion dance, popular inHuotong TownandJiaocheng District,originated from toys of the local children. The lions, made of colorful fabrics, are connected to wooden racks by ropes. Each individual rope controls a part of the lion's body, such as the head, tail or foot. The racks are set on vehicles moving through the streets. Performers on the vehicles pull on the ropes to make the lions dance or perform various tricks.

Paper art, mainly practised by women, is a specialty ofZherong County.Common forms of the art include traditional flower patterns, words and daily life objects. Because of her paper art achievements, Zherong County was named "Home of Chinese Folk Arts" by theMinistry of Culturein 2000.

TheShe peoplehave also created and left many precious cultural heritages in their long historical practice. Owing to projects in recent years to protect the She heritage, three volumes of She folk tales, songs and proverbs have been published. In total, 184 tales, 330,000 words in songs, and 6,000 proverbs have been included. Art works have also been produced out of She folklore, which reflects their way of life.

There are manycovered bridgesin Ningde, particularly in Pingnan.15,000-capacityNingde Stadiumis located in the city. It is mostly used for association football.

The Ningde UNESCO GlobalGeoparkwas created in 2015 in a volcanic region of the coast, comprising Baishuiyang, Taimushan and Baiyunshan scenic areas.

See also

• CATL
• Mount Taimu

External links

• Ningde Government Website
• Ningde Bureau of Statistics