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Xavier Zubiri

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Xavier Zubiri
Born(1898-12-04)4 December 1898
Donostia-San Sebastián,Spain
Died21 September 1983(1983-09-21)(aged 84)
Madrid,Spain
NationalitySpanish
Era20th-century philosophy
RegionWestern philosophy
SchoolContinental philosophy
Madrid School
Main interests
Metaphysics
Notable ideas
Noology[1]
Zubiri's grave in theCementerio de la Almudena

Xavier Zubiri(4 December 1898 – 21 September 1983) was aSpanishphilosopher.

Zubiri was a member of theMadrid School,composed of philosophersJosé Ortega y Gasset(the founder of the group),José Gaos,andJulián Marías,among others.[2]Zubiri's philosophy has been categorized as a "materialist open realism",[3]which "attempted to reformulate classicalmetaphysics,in a language that was entirely compatible with modern science ".[4]This relates to Xavier Zubiri's educational background.

Biography

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Zubiri first received a philosophical and theological formation inMadridandRome.Later, he deepened his studies in philosophy through his graduate studies inLouvain,writing his dissertation onphenomenology.[5]In 1929, Zubiri's critical interest in this current of thought took him toFreiburg,when he already was a professor in Madrid. There, he studied withEdmund HusserlandMartin Heidegger.In 1930, Zubiri moved toBerlin,where he studiedphysics,philologyandbiology.There, he was hosted inHarnack House,which enabled Zubiri to socialize with important minds of this great period of academic activity in theWeimar Republic.For example,Albert Einstein(whom Zubiri had already met in Madrid, at Universidad Central, in 1923),[6]Max Planck,Werner Jaeger,Erwin Schrödinger,among others.

When theSpanish Civil Warbroke out in Spain in 1936, Zubiri moved to Paris. There, he continued having an intensive intellectual life, attending courses withLouis de Broglie,Frédéric Joliot,Irène Curie,Elie Joseph CartanandEmile Benveniste,among others. In 1939, just before France declared war with Germany, Zubiri returned to Spain.[7][8]Zubiri's philosophy is little known outside ofSpainandLatin America,mostly because Zubiri was compelled to resign from formal academic positions inSpain,in 1942. This had to do with the lack of academic freedoms inFrancisco Franco's regime.[9]However, it was possible for Zubiri to continue his work as anacademic,through the sponsorship of family and friends.[10]Zubiri was a prolific author in the Spanish magazinesCruz y Raya(led byJosé Bergamín) andRevista de Occidente(led byJosé Ortega y Gasset) under thesecond Spanish republic.However, after his resignation from Spanish universities, Zubiri did not publish much in establishedpeer reviewedjournals. Nonetheless, he did publish a series of books and research articles.[11]Zubiri's work was initially not well received by established academic environments in Spain. This was mostly explained by the political context under Franco.[12]But Zubiri's relationship to scholars likeIgnacio Ellacuríamade Zubiri's work widely known in Latin America, where Zubiri's thought has been further developed.[13]

Recently, Spanish academics have begun to recognize the importance of Zubiri's life and philosophy.[14][15]For the same reasons outlined above, Zubiri's contact with the formal academic environments of the English speaking world was limited. There is all but one recorded visit by Zubiri to theUnited States,specificallyPrinceton University,on October 2, 1946. In Princeton, Zubiri lectured in French on "The real and mathematics- A philosophical problem" ( "Le reel et les mathematiques—Un probleme de philosophie" ).[16]Some of Zubiri's work has been translated to English: "On Essence" (Caponigri, 1980),[17]"Sentient Intelligence" (Fowler, 1999),[18]"The Dynamic Structure of Reality" (Orringer, 2003)[19]and "The Fundamental problems of Western Metaphysics" (Redondo & Fowler 2009).[20]Despite his relative academic isolation at home in Spain, Zubiri has also been recognized in other countries. In 1979, the German government awarded Zubiri and Laín Entralgo theOrder of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany.Zubiri was awarded this distinction for his work in his booksNature, History, God(1954) andOn Essence(1962).[21]Zubiri's work has also been translated toFrench,German,ItalianandPortuguese.[22]

Bibliography

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This overview is taken from a more extensive list of articles and books by and about Xavier Zubiri. This list is continuously updated by "Fundación Xavier Zubiri".[23]

  • Naturaleza, Historia, Dios(1944)
  • Sobre la esencia(1ª ed. 1962 en Soc.E y P; 6ª edición ya en Alianza, 1998)
  • Cinco lecciones de filosofía(1ª ed., 1963 en Soc.E y P; 1ª reimpresión en Alianza, 1997);
  • Inteligencia sentiente. *Inteligencia y realidad(Soc.E y P, 1980; 50 ed. Alianza/F.XZ.);
  • Inteligencia y logos(Soc.E y P/Alianza, 1982)
  • Inteligencia y razón(Soc.E y P/Alianza, 1983)
  • El hombre y Dios(1ª ed. a cargo de Ignacio Ellacuría, 1984)
  • Sobre el hombre(1ª ed. a cargo de Ignacio Ellacuría, 1986)
  • Estructura dinámica de la realidad(1989, ed. a cargo de Diego Gracia)
  • Sobre el sentimiento y la volición(1992, ed. a cargo de Diego Gracia)
  • El problema filosófico de la historia de las religiones(1993, a cargo de Antonio González)
  • Los problemas fundamentales de la Metafísica occidental(1994, a cargo de Antonio Pintor Ramos)
  • Espacio. Tiempo. Materia(1996, Segunda edición revisada 2008)
  • El problema teologal del hombre: Cristianismo(1997, a cargo de Antonio González)
  • El hombre y la verdad(1999, a cargo de Juan Antonio Nicolás)
  • Primeros escritos (1921–1926),ed. de 2000, por Antonio Pintor Ramos
  • Sobre la realidad(2001, a cargo de José Antonio Martínez)
  • Sobre el problema de la filosofía y otros escritos (1932–1944),1ª ed. de 2002, a cargo de Germán Marquínez Argote
  • El hombre: lo real y lo irreal(1ª ed. 2005, a cargo de Jesús Conill)
  • Tres dimensiones del ser humano: individual, social, histórica(1ª ed. 2006, a cargo de Jordi Corominas)
  • Escritos menores (1953–1983)(1ª ed. de 2007, a cargo de Germán Marquínez Argote)
  • Cursos universitarios I(1ª ed. 2007, a cargo de Manuel Mazón)
  • Cinco lecciones de filosofía – Con un nuevo curso inédito(2009, a cargo de Antonio Pintor Ramos)
  • Cursos Universitarios, vol. II(2010, a cargo de Manuel Mazón)
  • Acerca del mundo(2010, a cargo de Antonio González)
  • Cursos Universitarios, vol. III (1933–1934).2012. A cargo de Manuel Mazón
  • Fascículo editado por la propia Fundación: Sobre el problema de la filosofía(Madrid, 1996)

References

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  1. ^Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka,Phenomenology World-wide: Foundations — Expanding Dynamics — Life-Engagements: A Guide for Research and Study,Springer, 2002, p. 403.
  2. ^A. Pablo Iannone,Dictionary of World Philosophy', Routledge, 2013, p. 328: "Madrid School".
  3. ^"Voluntad de Liberacion"(PDF),Hector Samour(in Spanish), 2003, archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2013-10-19,retrieved2013-10-15
  4. ^"La filosofía natural de Zubiri"(PDF),José Luis González Quirós(in Spanish), 1997,retrieved2013-10-18
  5. ^"Le problème de l'objectivité d'après Ed. Husserl",Xavier Zubiri(in French), 1921–1922,retrieved2013-10-15
  6. ^"Conología del viaje de Einstein a España"(PDF),Quark, Ciencia, Medicina, Comunicación y Cultura. Publicación del Observatorio de Comunicación Científica de la Universitat Pomeu Fabra(in Spanish), May–August 2005,retrieved2013-10-18
  7. ^"Xavier Zubiri: La soledad sonora"(PDF),Jordi Corominas and Joan Vicens(in Spanish), 2006,retrieved2013-10-18
  8. ^"Biografía de Xavier Zubiri",Jordi Corominas and Joan Vicens(in Spanish), 2006,retrieved2013-10-19
  9. ^Ellacuria, Ignacio (1980-10-10),"Zubiri, vasco universal",Ignacio Ellacuría(in Spanish),retrieved2013-10-19
  10. ^Corominas, Jordi; Vicens, Joan Albert (2006),"Xavier Zubiri: La soledad sonora",Jordi Corominas and Joan Vicens(in Spanish),ISBN9788430606030,retrieved2013-10-15
  11. ^Corominas, Jordi; Vicens, Joan Albert (2006),"Xavier Zubiri: La soledad sonora, Chapter 14, 15 and 39 on" La República "(The Republic) (pp. 245–265)," Cruz y Raya "(the magazine) (pp. 265–287) and" El duro oficio de escribir "(The hard task of writing) (pp. 589–606), respectively",Jordi Corominas and Joan Vicens(in Spanish),ISBN9788430606030,retrieved2014-12-12
  12. ^"Zubiri tras el problema de toma de posición tras el comienzo de la guerra civil",Javier Borrego Gutierrez(in Spanish), 2003, archived fromthe originalon October 22, 2013,retrieved2013-10-18
  13. ^"Actualidad de Zubiri en América Latina",Germán Marquínez Argote(in Spanish), 2006,retrieved2013-10-18
  14. ^Mora, Miguel (1998-12-02),"Amigos y discípulos de Zubiri reivindican su gigantesca talla intelectual en su centenario",El País(in Spanish),retrieved2013-10-18
  15. ^"Zubiri, hombre, filósofo y fenomenólogo"(PDF),Javier San Martin(in Spanish), 2006,retrieved2013-10-18
  16. ^"Daily Princetonian, Volume 70, Number 105, 2 October 1946",Official Notices,1946-10-02,retrieved2013-10-18
  17. ^Zubiri, Xavier (1980),"On Essence",Xavier Zubiri, translated by A. Robert Caponigri,ISBN9780813205465,retrieved2013-10-18
  18. ^"Sentient Intelligence"(PDF),Xavier Zubiri, translated by Thomas B. Fowler, Sc.D.,1999,retrieved2013-10-18
  19. ^Orringer, Nelson R. (2003),"The Dynamic Structure of Reality",Xavier Zubiri, translated by Nelson Orringer,ISBN9780252092060,retrieved2013-10-18
  20. ^Zubiri, Xavier (2009),"The Fundamental Problems of Western Metaphysics",Xavier Zubiri, translated by Joaquín Redondo and Thomas Fowler,ISBN9780761848790,retrieved2013-10-19
  21. ^"El Gobierno alemán condecora a Zubiri y a Laín",El País(in Spanish), 1979-12-04,retrieved2013-10-18
  22. ^"Traducciones de las obras de Zubiri a otros idiomas",Funación Xavier Zubiri(in Spanish),retrieved2013-10-18
  23. ^"Lista de las obras de Zubiri",Fundación Xavier Zubiri(in Spanish), archived fromthe originalon 2013-10-19,retrieved2013-10-19
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