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North York

Coordinates:43°45′43″N079°24′37″W/ 43.76194°N 79.41028°W/43.76194; -79.41028[1]
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about an administrative division of Toronto and former city. For other uses, seeNorth York (disambiguation).

North York
Dissolved city(lower-tier)
North York skyline in 2021
North York skyline in 2021
Flag
Official seal of North York
Seal

Top: Emblem (1972–1985)
Bottom: Logo
(1985–1998)
Nickname:
The City with Heart
Motto:
Progress With Economy
Location of North York (red) within the rest of Toronto.
Location of North York (red) within the rest of Toronto.
Coordinates:43°45′43″N079°24′37″W/ 43.76194°N 79.41028°W/43.76194; -79.41028[1]
CountryCanada
ProvinceOntario
MunicipalityToronto
IncorporatedJune 13, 1922 (Township)
January 1, 1967 (Borough)
February 14, 1979 (City)
January 1, 1998 (District of Toronto)
Changed Region1953Metropolitan TorontofromYork County
AmalgamatedJanuary 1, 1998 into Toronto
Government
•CouncillorsShelley Carroll,Mike Colle,Lily Cheng,Denzil Minnan-Wong,Frances Nunziata,James Pasternak,Anthony Perruzza,Jaye Robinson
• MPsHan Dong,Ali Ehsassi,Ahmed Hussen,Marco Mendicino,Rob Oliphant,Yasmin Ratansi,Ya'ara Saks,Judy Sgro
•MPPsMichael Kerzner,Stan Cho,Michael Coteau,Faisal Hassan,Vincent Ke,Robin Martin,Tom Rakocevic,Stephanie Bowman
Area
• Total176.87 km2(68.29 sq mi)
Population
(2016)
• Total869,401
• Density4,915.5/km2(12,731/sq mi)
Area code(s)416, 647, and 437

North Yorkis a former township and city and is now one of the six administrative districts ofToronto,Ontario,Canada. It is located in the northern area of Toronto, centred aroundYonge Street,north ofOntario Highway 401.It is bounded byYork Regionto the north atSteeles Avenue,on the west by theHumber River,on the east byVictoria Park Avenue.Its southern boundary is erratic and corresponds to the northern boundaries of the former municipalities of Toronto:York,Old TorontoandEast York.As of the 2016 Census, the district has a population of 644,685.[2]

North York was created as a township in 1922 out of the northern part of the formertownshipof York, a municipality that was located along the western border of the-thenCity of Toronto.Following its inclusion inMetropolitan Torontoin 1953, it was one of the fastest-growing parts of Greater Toronto due to its proximity to Toronto. It was declared a borough in 1967, and later became a city in 1979, attracting high-density residences, rapid transit, and a number of corporate headquarters inNorth York City Centre,its planned central business district. In 1998, North York was dissolved as part of theamalgamationwhich created the new City of Toronto. It has since been a secondary economic hub of the city outsideDowntown Toronto.

History

[edit]
Residences in North York, August 1945. The post-World War IIera saw a boom in residential development throughout North York.

TheTownship of North Yorkwas formed on June 13, 1922 out of the rural part of theTownship of York.In the previous decade, the southern part of York, bordering the old City of Toronto had become increasingly urbanized while the northern portion remained rural farmland. The northern residents increasingly resented that they made up 20% of York's tax base while receiving few services and little representation in return, particularly after 1920 when their sole member on York's council, which was elected on anat-largebasis, was defeated. Dairy farmer Robert Franklin Hicks organized with other farmers to petition the Ontario legislature to carve out what was then the portion of York Township north of Eglinton Avenue to create the separate township of North York.[3]With the support of the pro-farmerUnited Farmers of Ontariogovernment, aplebiscitewas organized and held and the 6,000 residents voted in favour of separating from York by margin of 393 votes.[4]

The township remained largely rural and agrarian untilWorld War II.After the war, in the late 1940s and 1950s, a housing shortage led to the township becoming increasingly developed as asuburbof Toronto and a population boom. In 1953, the province federated 11 townships and villages with theOld City of Toronto,to become Metropolitan Toronto.

North York used to be known as a regional agricultural hub composed of scattered villages. The area boomed following World War II, and by the 1950s and 1960s, it resembled many other sprawling North American suburbs.

As North York became more populous, it became theBorough of North Yorkin 1967, and then on February 14, 1979, theCity of North York.To commemorate receiving its city charter onValentine's Day,the city's corporate slogan was "The City with Heart".[5]

North York was amalgamated into Toronto on January 1, 1998. It now forms the largest part of the area served by the "North York Community Council", a committee ofToronto City Council.

Incidents

[edit]

On August 10, 2008,a massive propane explosionoccurred at the Sunrise Propane Industrial Gasespropanefacility just southwest of theDownsview Airport.This destroyed the depot and damaged several homes nearby. About 13,000 residents were evacuated for several days before being allowed back home. One employee at the company was killed in the blast and one firefighter died while attending to the scene of the accident.[6]A follow-up investigation to the incident made several recommendations concerning propane supply depots. It asked for a review of setback distances between depots and nearby residential areas but did not call for restrictions on where they can be located.[7][8][9][10][11]

Canada's deadliest pedestrian attack occurred in theNorth York City Centredistrict on April 23, 2018 when a vancollided with numerous pedestrianskilling 10 and injuring 16 others on Yonge Street betweenFinchandSheppard Avenues.[12][13]

Climate

[edit]
Climate data for North York (1981−2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 15.5
(59.9) 		15.0
(59.0) 		25.5
(77.9) 		29.5
(85.1) 		34.0
(93.2) 		35.5
(95.9) 		36.0
(96.8) 		37.5
(99.5) 		34.5
(94.1) 		29.5
(85.1) 		23.0
(73.4) 		18.0
(64.4) 		37.5
(99.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −1.1
(30.0) 		0.5
(32.9) 		5.1
(41.2) 		12.0
(53.6) 		18.8
(65.8) 		24.9
(76.8) 		27.3
(81.1) 		26.5
(79.7) 		22.3
(72.1) 		14.5
(58.1) 		7.8
(46.0) 		2.0
(35.6) 		13.4
(56.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) −5
(23) 		−3.7
(25.3) 		0.5
(32.9) 		6.7
(44.1) 		13.1
(55.6) 		19.2
(66.6) 		21.6
(70.9) 		20.9
(69.6) 		16.8
(62.2) 		9.8
(49.6) 		4.1
(39.4) 		−1.4
(29.5) 		8.6
(47.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −8.8
(16.2) 		−7.8
(18.0) 		−4.1
(24.6) 		1.4
(34.5) 		7.3
(45.1) 		13.5
(56.3) 		15.9
(60.6) 		15.3
(59.5) 		11.3
(52.3) 		5.1
(41.2) 		0.4
(32.7) 		−4.9
(23.2) 		3.7
(38.7)
Record low °C (°F) −26.0
(−14.8) 		−23.5
(−10.3) 		−25.5
(−13.9) 		−10.0
(14.0) 		−2.5
(27.5) 		3.0
(37.4) 		7.0
(44.6) 		5.5
(41.9) 		−0.5
(31.1) 		−5.5
(22.1) 		−12.5
(9.5) 		−26.0
(−14.8) 		−26.0
(−14.8)
Averageprecipitationmm (inches) 72.5
(2.85) 		53.3
(2.10) 		52.4
(2.06) 		74.1
(2.92) 		90.3
(3.56) 		85.5
(3.37) 		80.2
(3.16) 		74.0
(2.91) 		82.3
(3.24) 		66.7
(2.63) 		79.4
(3.13) 		61.3
(2.41) 		871.9
(34.33)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 37.2
(1.46) 		31.9
(1.26) 		29.2
(1.15) 		64.9
(2.56) 		90.3
(3.56) 		85.5
(3.37) 		80.2
(3.16) 		74.0
(2.91) 		82.3
(3.24) 		66.5
(2.62) 		69.6
(2.74) 		34.6
(1.36) 		746.2
(29.38)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 37.8
(14.9) 		21.1
(8.3) 		23.7
(9.3) 		5.5
(2.2) 		0.02
(0.01) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.2
(0.1) 		10.5
(4.1) 		26.5
(10.4) 		125.2
(49.3)
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.2 mm) 16.7 12.3 12.4 12.7 12.9 11.9 11.6 10.1 11.1 12.8 14.4 13.9 152.7
Average rainy days(≥ 0.2 mm) 6.5 5.5 6.7 11.3 12.9 11.9 11.6 10.1 11.1 12.7 11.0 6.9 118.1
Average snowy days(≥ 0.2 cm) 13.3 8.8 7.2 2.7 0.08 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.17 4.6 9.2 46.0
Source:Environment Canada[14]

Neighbourhoods

[edit]
Main article:List of neighbourhoods in Toronto § North York

Demographics

[edit]
Storefronts in North York offeringIranian cuisine.North York holds the largest population ofWest Asiansin Toronto.

North York is highly multicultural and diverse.

Ethnic groupsin North York (2016)
Source:2016 Canadian Census[15] 		Population %
Ethnic origins European 349,150 40.6%
East Asian 123,280 14.3%
Southeast Asian 85,115 9.9%
Black 84,415 9.8%
South Asian 75,995 8.8%
Middle Eastern 49,060 5.7%
Latin American 35,840 4.2%
Aboriginal 7,035 0.8%
Other 4,165 0.5%
Total population 869,401 100%
Top Ten Mother Tongue Languages[16]
Mother Tongue Languages Population Percentage
English 280,320 43.9%
Mandarin 40,125 6.3%
Persian 30,465 4.8%
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 28,810 4.5%
Cantonese 27,665 4.3%
Russian 20,320 3.2%
Korean 19,265 3.0%
Spanish 16,220 2.5%
Italian 15,440 2.4%
Urdu 10,325 1.6%
Others 123,895 19.4%
Multiple Responses 25,255 4.0%

Economy

[edit]
North York City Centreis thecentral business districtof North York and is located onYonge Street,between Finch and Sheppard Avenue.

The district'scentral business districtis known asNorth York Centre,which was the location of the former city's government and major corporate headquarters. North York Centre continues to be one of Toronto's major corporate areas with many office buildings and businesses. The former city hall of North York, theNorth York Civic Centre,is located within North York City Centre.

Downsview Airport,near Sheppard andAllen Road,employs 1,800 workers.[17]Downsview Airport will be the location of theCentennial CollegeAerospace campus, a $60 million investment from the Government of Ontario and Government of Canada. Private partners includeBombardier,Honeywell,MDA Corporation,Pratt & Whitney Canada,Ryerson University,Sumitomo Precision ProductsCanada Aircraft, Inc. andUTC Aerospace Systems.[18]

Shops at Don Millsis one of five major shopping malls in North York.

Flemingdon Park,located nearEglintonandDon Mills,is an economic hub located near the busyDon Valley Parkwayand busyToronto Transit Commission(TTC) routes.McDonald's CanadaandCelesticaare located in this area, and Foresters Insurance has a major office tower andBell Canadahas a data centre. The Concorde Corporate Centre has 550,000 sq ft (51,000 m2) of leasable area and is 85% occupied with tenants such asHome Depot Canada,Sport Alliance of Ontario,Toronto-Dominion Bank,Esri CanadaandDeloitte.Home Depot's Canadian head office is located in Flemingdon Park.[19]

North York houses two of Toronto's five major shopping malls: theYorkdale Shopping CentreandFairview Mall.Other neighbourhood malls locations includeCenterpoint Mall,Bayview Village,Sheridan Mall, Yorkgate Mall,Shops at Don Mills,Steeles West Market Mall, Jane Finch Mall and Sheppard Centre.

Health care is another major industry in North York, with the district housing several major hospitals, including theNorth York General Hospital,Humber River Hospitaland theSunnybrook Health Sciences Centre.

Education

[edit]
Headquarters of theToronto District School Boardin North York. All four Toronto-based public school boards are headquartered in North York.

Prior to 1998, theNorth York Board of EducationandConseil des écoles françaises de la communauté urbaine de Torontooperated English and French public secular schools in North York, while the Metropolitan Separate School Board operated English and French public separate schools for North York pupils. Today, four publicschool boardsoperateprimaryandsecondaryinstitutions in the former city:

CSV and TDSB operate assecularpublic school boards, the former operating Frenchfirst languageinstitution, whereas the latter operated English first language institutions. The other two school boards, CSCM and TCDSB, operate as publicseparate schoolboards, the former operating French first language separate schools, the latter operating English first language separate schools. All four public school boards are headquartered within North York.

In addition to primary and secondary schools, several post-secondary institutions were established in North York.York Universityis a university that was established in 1959. The university operates two campuses in North York, the Keele campus located in the north, andGlendon College,abilingualcampus operated by the university. There are also twocollegesthat operate campuses in North York.Seneca Collegewas established in North York in 1967, and presently operates several campuses throughout North York, andGreater Toronto.One ofCentennial College's campuses are also located in North York, known as the Downsview Park Aerospace Campus.

Governance

[edit]

North York is a district of the City of Toronto, and is represented by councillors elected to theToronto City Council,members elected to theLegislative Assembly of Ontario,as well as members elected to theParliament of Canada.North York Civic Centreis presently used by North York's community council and other city departments servicing North York.

Prior to North York's amalgamation with Toronto in 1998, North York operated as a lower-tier municipality within the Municipality ofMetropolitan Toronto.The municipality operated its own municipal council, the North York City Council, and met at the North York Civic Centre prior to the municipality's dissolution. The following is a list ofreeves(1922–1966) and mayors (1967–1997) of North York.

Reeves and mayors

[edit]

Township of North York

Mel Lastmanwas the last and longest-serving mayor of North York from 1973 to 1997 and went on to become the first mayor of the amalgamated city of Toronto until 2003.
  • 1922–1929 Robert Franklin Hicks - born in 1866, Hicks was a dairy farmer who organized with other farmers to petition the Ontario legislature to carve out what was then the portion of York Township north of Eglinton Avenue to create the separate township of North York.[3]During his period as the first reeve, the North York Hydro Commission, a public health board, and a water supply system were created and improvements were made toYonge Streetand other local roads. Hicks died in 1942.[20]
  • 1929–1930 James Muirhead - farmer in Leslie and Lawrence Ave area. Born in 1859 and lived on the same farm all of his life up to 1929 except for four years. Was chairman of the committee responsible for breaking North York away from York Township and a founding members of the township council.[21][22]
  • 1931–1933 George B. Elliott - also served as warden of York county in 1933. As reeve, faced demands for improved unemployment relief as the Depression worsened.[23]Appointed inspector of hospital accounts for indigent patients in York county in 1934. Announced he would run for the federal Conservatives in aYork Northin 1934 but withdrew his name from consideration.[24]
  • 1934–1940 Robert Earl Bales - great-grandson of area pioneer John Bales, Earl Bales was North York's youngest reeve at 37.Earl Bales Park,which is on his family's former farmland, is named after him.[25]Like many municipalities, North York was bankrupted by the cost of paying unemployment relied during the Great Depression. Under Bales' leadership, North York was one of the few bankrupted municipalities to be able to pay off its debt. Unlike many other Ontario municipalities, North York never seized any homes or farms for non-payment of taxes.[26]Bales later sat on the North York planning board from 1947 until 1968.[27]
  • 1941–1949George Herbert Mitchellalso served in theOntario legislatureasCCFMPP forYork Northfrom 1943 to 1945, while serving as reeve.[28]As reeve, kept track of expectant mothers come snowfall to ensure that the township's two snowplows kept open the sideroads around their homes. Mitchell was the last reeve to be elected by a predominantly rural electorate.[29]
  • 1950–1952 Nelson A. Boylen - reporter forThe Evening Telegram(1912–1918) then in the dairy industry for 50 years. Served as a school trustee and then deputy reeve. Opposed the amalgamation of North York into Metropolitan Toronto, arguing that water shortages could be solved by creating a provincial water authority instead. Denied charges that North York was broke. Defeated in 1952 but later served as a councillor. Appointed to the Metro Toronto & Region Conservation Authority in the 1960s.[30]
  • 1953–1956Frederick Joseph McMahon- supported the creation of Metropolitan Toronto. Ran as the Ontario Liberal Party candidate in York Centre in the 1955 provincial election, but was unsuccessful. A lawyer by profession, he was best known for defending bank robberEdwin Alonzo Boydand his brother. McMahon later served as a provincial court judge.[31][32][33]
  • 1957–1958Vernon M. Singer- went on to serve as MPP from 1959 to 1977
  • 1959–1964Norman C. Goodhead- as reeve, opposed illegal basement apartments and led a campaign to evict tenants. Stood for position ofMetro Toronto Chairmanin 1962 but lost toWilliam Allenby four votes. Ran again for Metro Chairman in 1969, when no longer mayor, but lost to Scarborough mayorAlbert Campbell.[34][35]
  • 1965–1966James Ditson Service- defeated incumbent reeve Goodhead by running against Goodhead's support for amalgamating North York and the rest of Metro Toronto into a unitary city and alleging Goodhead was in a conflict of interest by owning a garbage disposal company that did business with the borough. Service campaigned on building the North York Civic Centre on Yonge Street and developing the area as adowntownwith high-density office buildings. He also advocated building a 62,000 domed stadium on surplus land transferred from Downsview Airport. In private business, he co-foundedCHIN Radio/TV InternationalwithJohnny Lombardi,also foundingCHIN (AM)radio but later fell out with him. After he was mayor, Service became a property developer.[36][37][38]

Borough of North York

  • 1967–1969James Ditson Service
  • 1970–1972Basil H. Hall- supported the construction and extension of theSpadina Expresswayand continued to do so after the provincial government cancelled the project. After he was mayor, he served on the board of the provincially owned Urban Transportation Development Corporation.[39]
  • 1973–1978Mel Lastman

City of North York

  • 1979–1997 Mel Lastman - served as first mayor of the amalgamated city of Toronto from 1998 to 2003.

Board of Control

[edit]
TheNorth York Civic Centreis home to the district's community council, as well as other municipal services.

North York had aBoard of Controlfrom1964until it was abolished with the1988 electionand replaced by directly elected Metro Councillors. The Board of Control consisted of four Controllers elected at large and the mayor and served as the executive committee of North York Council. Controllers concurrently sat on Metropolitan Toronto Council

Names initalicsindicate Controllers that were or became Mayor of North York in other years. X = elected as Controller
A = appointed Controller to fill a vacancy
M = sitting as Reeve or Mayor

Elections to the Board of Control for North York (1964-1985)
Controller 1964 1966 1969 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1985
James Ditson Service M M
G. Gordon Hurlburt X X
Irving Paisley X X X
Frank Watson X X
Basil H. Hall X X M
Paul Hunt X X
Mel Lastman X M M M M M M M
John Booth[A] X
Paul Godfrey[A] A X
John Williams X
Alex McGivern X X
Barbara Greene X X X X X
William Sutherland[A] A X X X
Joseph Markin X
Esther Shiner[B] X X X X X
Ron Summers X
Robert Yuill X X X X X
Norm Gardner X X
Howard Moscoe X
Mario Gentile A

^ABooth died in 1970 and was replaced byPaul Godfreywho served out the balance of his term.[40]Godfrey was reelected in 1972, but resigned when he was elected Metro Chairman in 1973 following the death of Metro ChairmanAlbert Campbell.North York Council elected AldermanWilliam Sutherlandto replace Godfrey on the Board of Control on July 23, 1973.[41]

^BShiner died on 19 December 1987. CouncillorMario Gentilewas appointed to the Board of Control in February 1988 to fill Shiner's seat.[42]

Media

[edit]
  • North York Mirror:A weekly community newspaper (thrice and then twice weekly in earlier times) covering North York. Part ofTorstar'sMetrolandchain of community newspapers. The newspaper was launched in 1957 and ceased publication in 2023 when it was folded into the toronto.com website along with other Toronto-based Metroland titles.[43]
  • Salam Toronto:Bilingual Persian-English weekly paper for the Iranian community of North York.

Recreation

[edit]

Museums

[edit]
TheAga Khan Museumis one of several museums located in North York.

North York is home to several museums including the (now closed)Canadian Air and Space Museum(formerly the Toronto Aerospace Museum) inDownsview Park.The closed museum was relocated toEdenvale, Ontarioin 2019 (northwest of Barrie) and opened and renamed as the "Canadian Air and Space Conservancy".[44]North York is also home to a number of interactive museums, includingBlack Creek Pioneer Village,an authentic nineteenth-century village and aliving museum,theOntario Science Centreis an interactivescience museum,and theAga Khan Museum,which includes a collection ofIslamic artfrom the Middle-East and Northern Africa.

Sports

[edit]
Soccer pitchat the KIA Training Ground, the practice facility for theToronto FC.

An aircraft manufacturing facility and a former military base are located in theDownsviewneighbourhood. With the end of theCold War,much of the land was transformed into a large park now called Downsview Park. Located within the park is theDownsview Park Sports Centre,a 45,000 m2(484,000 sq ft) multi-purpose facility built byMaple Leaf Sports & Entertainment(MLSE), owners ofToronto FC,ofMajor League Soccer.MLSE invested $26 million to build the Kia Training Ground, the state-of-the-art practice facility for Toronto FC. Volleyball Canada made Downsview Park its headquarters and training facility.

There are a multitude of sports clubs based in North York including the North York Storm, a girls' hockey league, Gwendolen Tennis Club, and the North York Aquatic Club, which was founded in 1958 as the North York Lions Swim Club.[45]The Granite Club,located at Bayview and Lawrence, is an invitation-only athletic club. In 2012, the club made a major expansion in North York for their members.

TheOakdale Golf & Country Clubis a private, parkland-style golf and tennis club located in North York. It hosted the 2023Canadian Open,and will host the tournament again in 2026.[46][47]

TheNorth York Ski CentreatEarl Bales Parkis one of the only urban ski centres of its kind in Canada. After several incidents involving failures of the club's two-person chairlift incited talks of closing the ski centre, the city revitalized the facilities with a new four-person chairlift. Sports clubs based in North York include:

Transportation

[edit]

Several majorcontrolled-access highwayspass through North York, includingHighway 400,Highway 401,Highway 404,Allen Road,and theDon Valley Parkway.The former three controlled access highways are operated by the province as400-series highways,whereas the latter two roadways are managed by the City of Toronto. The section of Highway 401 which traverses North York is the busiest section of freeway in North America, exceeding 400,000 vehicles per day,[58][59]and one of the widest.[60][61]

AToronto Transit Commissionbus terminal outside ofFinch subway station.

Public transportationin North York is primarily provided by theToronto Transit Commission's (TTC)busorsubway system.Two lines of the Toronto subway have stations in North York, theLine 1 Yonge–University,andLine 4 Sheppard.Finch station,the terminus of the Yonge Street branch of the Yonge–University line, is the busiest TTC bus station and the sixth-busiest subway station, serving around 97,460 people per day.[citation needed]The Line 4 Sheppard subway which runs from its intersection with the Yonge-University line at Sheppard Avenue easterly to Fairview Mall at Don Mills Road, is entirely in North York, averaging around 55,000 riders per day.[citation needed]Line 5 Eglintonis a light rail line that is under construction and will traverse through the southeast portion of North York.Line 6 Finch Westis another line under construction and will traverse through the northwestern portion of North York. TheOntario Lineis expected to have two stops in North York, Science Centre and Flemingdon Park. The intersection of York Mills and Yonge, located next toYork Mills stationis home to an office and a TTC commuter parking lot, which was sold for $25 million. A $300-million project is expected to create about 300 jobs and bring a new hotel, perhaps a four star Marriott, to the intersection.[62]

In addition to the TTC, other public transit services that may be accessed from North York includeGO Transit,andYork Region Transit.GO Transit provides access tocommuter railand bus services to communities throughout Greater Toronto. Both services may be accessed at GO or TTC stations located in North York.

Notable residents

[edit]
Liane Balaban
Sam Schachter

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"North York".Geographical Names Data Base.Natural Resources Canada.
  2. ^"North York - City of Toronto Community Council Area Profiles"(PDF).Archived(PDF)from the original on March 7, 2023.RetrievedOctober 10,2022.
  3. ^abKennedy, Scott (November 11, 2013).Willowdale: Yesterday's Farms, Today's Legacy.Dundurn.ISBN978-1-4597-1751-0.Archivedfrom the original on March 7, 2023.RetrievedDecember 25,2020.
  4. ^"Opinion | Overtaxed and underserviced, North York broke away from Toronto in 1922".July 13, 2018.Archivedfrom the original on August 4, 2021.RetrievedAugust 4,2021.
  5. ^"Progress, Economy & Heart – North York Grows Up".City of Toronto.Archivedfrom the original on November 28, 2023.RetrievedJanuary 10,2024.
  6. ^Thousands returning home after massive T.O. fire.ArchivedAugust 19, 2008, at theWayback MachineCTV News. August 10, 2008.
  7. ^Boost 'hazard distance' at propane depots: report.ArchivedMarch 7, 2023, at theWayback MachineCTV News. November 7, 2008.
  8. ^"Residents 'Very Lucky' After Massive Explosion At Propane Facility Sparks Huge Evacuation".CityNews.August 10, 2008.Archivedfrom the original on August 13, 2008.
  9. ^"Thousands returning home after massive T.O. fire".CTV.Archivedfrom the original on August 19, 2008.
  10. ^"Residents return after blast".Toronto Star.August 11, 2008.Archivedfrom the original on December 26, 2013.
  11. ^"401 reopens - finally".Toronto Star.August 10, 2008. Archived fromthe originalon August 11, 2008.
  12. ^Austen, Ian; Stack, Liam (April 23, 2018)."Toronto Van Plows Along Sidewalk, Killing 10 in 'Pure Carnage'".The New York Times.Archivedfrom the original on May 11, 2019.RetrievedApril 23,2018.
  13. ^"All 10 of those killed in Toronto van attack identified".CBC.Archivedfrom the original on May 3, 2018.RetrievedMay 4,2018.
  14. ^"Toronto North York".Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010.Environment Canada.RetrievedJuly 24,2019.
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    "Census Profile, 2016 Census Don Valley North [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Ontario [Province]".Archivedfrom the original on April 29, 2024.RetrievedMarch 3,2019.
  16. ^"North York- City of Toronto Community Council Area Profiles (2016 Census)"(PDF).The City Planning Division of City of toronto.Archived(PDF)from the original on March 7, 2023.RetrievedOctober 10,2022.
  17. ^Queen, Lisa (April 18, 2012)."Aerospace campus for Downsview Park?".Inside Toronto.Metroland Media.Archivedfrom the original on April 2, 2015.RetrievedMarch 5,2015.
  18. ^Arnaud-Gaudet, Nicolas."Centennial College To Build Aerospace Campus at Downsview Park".Urban Toronto.Archivedfrom the original on March 31, 2015.RetrievedMarch 6,2015.
  19. ^"Concorde Corporate Centre".Artis REIT.Archivedfrom the original on April 2, 2015.RetrievedMarch 15,2015.
  20. ^"Children get history lesson as park plaque unveiled".North York Mirror.December 9, 2010.Archivedfrom the original on November 13, 2020.RetrievedNovember 8,2020.
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  22. ^"Quintette of solid men in council of North York", Toronto Daily Star, 23 January 1928, pg 20 via ProQuest
  23. ^"Industrial Feudalism Seen As Great Peril", Toronto Daily Star, 7 November 1933, pg 20 via ProQuest
  24. ^Earl Rowe Is Prospective Leader of Conservatives, Toronto Daily Star, 30 July 1934, pg 14
  25. ^"Plaque celebrates history of John Bales House".April 8, 2015.Archivedfrom the original on June 28, 2021.RetrievedJune 28,2021.
  26. ^"The dirty thirties: $6.33 a week to feed 4" by Harold Hilliard, Toronto Star, 15 March 1988, pg N12, via ProQuest
  27. ^Names that grace parks, Toronto Star, 5 September 2000, pg B3, via ProQuest
  28. ^"York North Is Riding of Political Changes", Globe and Mail, 2 June 1948, pg 4, via ProQuest
  29. ^"Post-war rush ended rural air of North York", Toronto Star, 23 April 1985, pg M16
  30. ^"Former reecr in North York fought merger", Globe and Mail, 30 April 1973, pg 2, via ProQuest
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  50. ^North York AstrosArchivedNovember 24, 2002, at theWayback MachineMen's professional soccer playing in the Canadian Soccer League. Esther Shiner Stadium.
  51. ^North York StormArchivedMay 27, 2006, at theWayback MachineOfficial site of girls hockey in North York.
  52. ^North York Aquatic ClubArchivedJanuary 18, 2002, at theWayback MachineNorth York's oldest swim club, located at the swimming pool next toMel Lastman Square
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