Northern Liao
Great Liao Đại liêu | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1122–1123 | |||||||||
| Capital | Xijin Fu | ||||||||
| Religion | Tengrism,Buddhism,Taoism,Confucianism,Chinese folk religion | ||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
| Emperor | |||||||||
• 1122 | Yelü Chun | ||||||||
• 1122–1123 | Yelü Ding | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Yelü Chun enthroned as emperor | 1122 | ||||||||
• Capture of Yelü Ding byJin dynasty | 1123 | ||||||||
| Currency | Chinese cash,Chinese coin,copper coinsetc. | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | China | ||||||||
TheNorthern Liao(simplified Chinese:Bắc liêu;traditional Chinese:Bắc liêu;pinyin:Běi Liáo), officially theGreat Liao(simplified Chinese:Đại liêu;traditional Chinese:Đại liêu;pinyin:Dà Liáo), was adynastic regime of China,distinct from theLiao dynasty,established by theKhitanYelüclan in northern China. The state only existed for a short period of time between 1122 and 1123.
History
[edit]
During the reign ofEmperor Tianzuo of Liao,theJurchenchieftainWanyan Agudarebelled against the rule of theLiao dynasty.In 1115, theJin dynastywas officially proclaimed with Wanyan Aguda as its first emperor. In 1122, Emperor Tianzuo fled to Jiashan (north of modern-dayTumed Left Banner, Inner Mongolia) under the military pressure from the Jin dynasty. Subsequently, Yelü Chun was enthroned as "Emperor Tianxi" (Chinese:Thiên tích hoàng đế) byYelü Dashiand Huilibao.[1][2]The Emperor Tianzuo, on the other hand, was demoted to a prince and given the title "Prince of Xiangyin" by the Northern Liao court. As the Liao dynasty ruled by Emperor Tianzuo still existed, the regime headed by Emperor Tianxi is known in retrospect as "Northern Liao"(Chinese:Bắc liêu).
After the death of Emperor Tianxi, he was succeeded nominally by Yelü Ding, the Prince of Qin. However, as Yelü Ding was in exile with the Emperor Tianzuo, the Empress Dowager Xiao Puxian'nü was made regent. During the regency of Empress Dowager Xiao, her request for the Jin dynasty to recognize Yelü Ding as emperor was denied. As the Jin forces advanced towards the Northern Liao capital, the Empress Dowager Xiao and Yelü Dashi sought refuge at Emperor Tianzuo's exiled court. The Empress Dowager Xiao was executed for rebelling against the Emperor Tianzuo, but Yelü Dashi was spared.[3]
In 1123,Nanjingsurrendered to the Jin forces. When the Jin army attacked the Emperor Tianzuo's refuge in Qingzhong (south of modern-dayHohhot, Inner Mongolia), he decided to escape to theWestern Xia dynasty.Yelü Yali, the Prince of Liang, fled north and proclaimed himself emperor, only to die five months later. His son, Yelü Zhulie, succeeded him, but was killed one month later by his own troops.[4]The death of Yelü Zhulie in 1123 marked the end of Northern Liao. In 1124, Yelü Dashi would lead a faction of the Liao court toCentral Asiawhere he proclaimed theWestern Liao dynasty.The Liao dynasty led by Emperor Tianzuo would collapse in 1125 when he was captured by the Jin general Wanyan Loushi.
Monarchs
[edit]| Personal name | Temple name | Posthumous name | Regnal name | Era name | Reign | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yelü Chun ( gia luật thuần ) | Xuanzong ( tuyên tông ) | Emperor Xiaozhang ( hiếu chương hoàng đế ) | Emperor Tianxi ( thiên tích hoàng đế ) | Jianfu ( kiến phúc ) | 1122 | [5] |
| Yelü Ding ( gia luật định )1 Xiao Puxiannü( tiêu phổ hiền nữ )2 |
Dexing ( đức hưng ) | 1122–1123 | ||||
| 1Enthroned nominally 2Regent | ||||||
See also
[edit]References
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^Liao Shi, vol. 80
- ^Biran (2005), pg 20
- ^Biran (2005), pg 23
- ^Biran (2005). pp 24-25
- ^Pei, Yuanbo (2011).Khế đan tiền thụ giám thưởng dữ đầu tư.Beijing Book Co.ISBN9787539826783.
Sources
[edit]- Biran, Michal (2005).The Empire of the Qara Khitai in Eurasian History: Between China and the Islamic World.Cambridge University Press.ISBN0-521-84226-3.
- Liêu sửLiao Shi,volume 30, biographies of Yelü Chun, Yelü Yali, and Yelü Dashi.