Nu (letter)
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Nu(/ˈnjuː/;uppercaseΝ,lowercaseν;Greek:vιni[ni]) is the thirteenth letter of theGreek alphabet,representing thevoiced alveolar nasalIPA:[n].In the system ofGreek numeralsit has a value of 50. It is derived from thePhoeniciannun.ItsLatinequivalent isN,though the lowercase () resembles the Roman lowercasev.
The name of the letter is writtenνῦinAncient Greekand traditionalModern Greekpolytonic orthography,while inModern Greekit is writtenνι[ni].
Lettersthat arose from nu include Roman N andCyrillic scriptEn.
Symbology
[edit]The lower-case letterνis used as a symbol in manyacademic fields.Uppercase nu is not used, because it appears identical to LatinN.
- Mathematics:
- Degrees of freedominstatistics.
- Thegreatest fixed pointof a function, as commonly used in theμ-calculus.
- Free names of a process, as used in theπ-calculus.
- One ofthe Greeksinmathematical finance,known as "vega".
- The reciprocal of 1 plus the interest rate in finance.
- Thep-adic valuation orp-adic orderof a number.
- Physics:
- Kinematic viscosityinfluid mechanics.
- Thefrequency[1]of a wave in physics and other fields; sometimes alsospatial frequency;wavenumber
- Thespecific volumeinthermodynamics.
- Poisson's ratio,the ratio of strains perpendicular with and parallel with an applied force.
- Any of three kinds ofneutrinoin particle physics.
- The number ofneutronsreleased perfissionof an atom in nuclear physics.
- Molecularvibrational mode,νxwherexis the number of the vibration (a label).
- Thetrue anomaly,an angular parameter that defines the position of a body moving along an orbit (seeorbital elements).
- Biology:
- A DNA polymerasefound in highereukaryotesand implicated intranslesion synthesis.
- Chemistry:
- Psychology:
- The maximum conditioning possible for anunconditioned stimulusin theRescorla-Wagner model.
Character encodings
[edit]Greek Nu/Coptic Ni
[edit]Encodings of Greek Nu and Coptic Ni.[2]
Preview | Ν | ν | Ⲛ | ⲛ | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER NU | GREEK SMALL LETTER NU | COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER NI | COPTIC SMALL LETTER NI | ||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 925 | U+039D | 957 | U+03BD | 11418 | U+2C9A | 11419 | U+2C9B |
UTF-8 | 206 157 | CE 9D | 206 189 | CE BD | 226 178 154 | E2 B2 9A | 226 178 155 | E2 B2 9B |
Numeric character reference | Ν |
Ν |
ν |
ν |
Ⲛ |
Ⲛ |
ⲛ |
ⲛ |
Named character reference | Ν | ν | ||||||
DOS Greek | 140 | 8C | 164 | A4 | ||||
DOS Greek-2 | 181 | B5 | 231 | E7 | ||||
Windows 1253 | 205 | CD | 237 | ED | ||||
TeX | \nu |
BBX Mathematical Nu
[edit]Preview | 𝚴 | 𝛎 | 𝛮 | 𝜈 | 𝜨 | 𝝂 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL NU |
MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL NU |
MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL NU |
MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL NU |
MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL NU |
MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL NU | ||||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 120500 | U+1D6B4 | 120526 | U+1D6CE | 120558 | U+1D6EE | 120584 | U+1D708 | 120616 | U+1D728 | 120642 | U+1D742 |
UTF-8 | 240 157 154 180 | F0 9D 9A B4 | 240 157 155 142 | F0 9D 9B 8E | 240 157 155 174 | F0 9D 9B AE | 240 157 156 136 | F0 9D 9C 88 | 240 157 156 168 | F0 9D 9C A8 | 240 157 157 130 | F0 9D 9D 82 |
UTF-16 | 55349 57012 | D835 DEB4 | 55349 57038 | D835 DECE | 55349 57070 | D835 DEEE | 55349 57096 | D835 DF08 | 55349 57128 | D835 DF28 | 55349 57154 | D835 DF42 |
Numeric character reference | 𝚴 |
𝚴 |
𝛎 |
𝛎 |
𝛮 |
𝛮 |
𝜈 |
𝜈 |
𝜨 |
𝜨 |
𝝂 |
𝝂 |
Preview | 𝝢 | 𝝼 | 𝞜 | 𝞶 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL NU |
MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL NU |
MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL NU |
MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL NU | ||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 120674 | U+1D762 | 120700 | U+1D77C | 120732 | U+1D79C | 120758 | U+1D7B6 |
UTF-8 | 240 157 157 162 | F0 9D 9D A2 | 240 157 157 188 | F0 9D 9D BC | 240 157 158 156 | F0 9D 9E 9C | 240 157 158 182 | F0 9D 9E B6 |
UTF-16 | 55349 57186 | D835 DF62 | 55349 57212 | D835 DF7C | 55349 57244 | D835 DF9C | 55349 57270 | D835 DFB6 |
Numeric character reference | 𝝢 |
𝝢 |
𝝼 |
𝝼 |
𝞜 |
𝞜 |
𝞶 |
𝞶 |
These characters are used only as mathematical symbols. Stylized Greek text should be encoded using the normal Greek letters, with markup and formatting to indicate text style.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^See e.g.Planck's formula
- ^Unicode Code Charts:Greek and Coptic (Range: 0370-03FF)