Nuciruptor
| Nuciruptor | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Primates |
| Suborder: | Haplorhini |
| Infraorder: | Simiiformes |
| Family: | Pitheciidae |
| Subfamily: | Pitheciinae |
| Genus: | †Nuciruptor Meldrum & Kay 1997 |
| Species | |
| |
Nuciruptoris anextinctgenusofNew World monkeysfrom theMiddle Miocene(Laventanin theSouth American land mammal ages;13.8 to 11.8 million years ago). Its remains have been found at theKonzentrat-LagerstätteofLa Ventain theHonda GroupofColombia.Thetype speciesisN. rubricae.[1]
Etymology
[edit]The generic nameNuciruptor rubricaeis derived from theLatinnuci( "nut" ) andruptormeaning "to break".[2]The specificrubricaerefers to the red beds where the fossils have been found.[3]
Description
[edit]A lower mandible fossil ofNuciruptorwas discovered in the El Cardón redbeds of the Cerro Colorado Member of theVillavieja Formation,Honda Group, just below the San Francisco Sandstone, which has been dated to theLaventan,about 12.8 ± 0.2 million years old.[2]From the same locality, fossils ofSaimiri annectenswere recovered.[4]
Nuciruptorresembles living pitheciins in having elongated, procumbent, and styliform lowerincisorswith very weak lingual heels. Moreover, as in living pitheciins, the incisors are set in a procumbently oriented mandibular symphysis, and its mandibular corpus deepens appreciably under the molars. At the same time,Nuciruptordoes not possess several of the distinctive synapomorphies of extant pitheciins.Nuciruptorremains more primitive than living pitheciins in that no diastemata separate its lower incisors from thecanines.Its lower canines retain the primitive structure in not having a sharply defined protocristid. P2 is not a robust or high-crowned tooth and does not have a metaconid. Neither are the otherpremolarsmolarised by the addition of large talonids.[5]The estimated weight ofNuciruptorwas 2,000 grams (4.4 lb).[6]The genus shows similarity with another fossil primate from La Venta,Cebupithecia.[7]
AsCebupithecia,Nuciruptoris thought to be an ancestral saki (Pitheciidae).[8][9]
Habitat
[edit]The Honda Group, and more precisely the "Monkey Beds", are the richest site forfossil primates in South America.[10]The monkeys of the Honda Group arguably were living in habitat that was in contact with theAmazonandOrinoco Basins,and that La Venta itself was probably seasonally dry forest.[11]
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^Nuciruptor rubricaein thePaleobiology Database
- ^abKay & Meldrum, 1997, p.409
- ^Kay & Meldrum, 1997, p.410
- ^Kay & Meldrum, 1997, p.437
- ^Kay & Meldrum, 1997, p.421
- ^Silvestro, 2017, p.14
- ^Defler, 2004, p.34
- ^Takai et al., 2001, p.290
- ^Tejedor, 2013, p.28
- ^Rosenberger & Hartwig, 2001, p.3
- ^Lynch Alfaro et al., 2015, p.520
Bibliography
[edit]- Defler, Thomas (2004),Historia natural de los primates colombianos(PDF),Universidad Nacional de Colombia,pp. 1–613,retrieved2017-09-24
- Kay, Richard F.; Meldrum, D. Jeffrey (1997),The Miocene Fauna of La Venta, Colombia - A new small platyrrhine from the Miocene of Colombia and the phyletic position of the callitrichines,Smithsonian Institution Press,pp. 435–458,retrieved2017-09-24
- Lynch Alfaro, Jessica W.; Cortés Ortiz, Liliana; Di Fiore, Anthony; Boubli, Jean P. (2015),"Special issue: Comparative biogeography of Neotropical primates"(PDF),Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution,82:518–529,Bibcode:2015MolPE..82..518L,doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.09.027,PMID25451803,retrieved2017-09-24
- Meldrum, D. Jeffrey; Kay, Richard F. (1997),"Nuciruptor rubricae,a New Pitheciin Seed Predator From the Miocene of Colombia ",American Journal of Physical Anthropology,102(3): 407–427,doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199703)102:3<407::AID-AJPA8>3.0.CO;2-R,PMID9098507,retrieved2017-09-24
- Rosenberger, Alfred L.;Hartwig, Walter Carl(2001),"New World Monkeys"(PDF),Encyclopedia of Life Sciences:1–4,retrieved2017-09-24
- Silvestro, Daniele; Tejedor, Marcelo F.; Serrano Serrano, Martha L.; Loiseau, Oriane; Rossier, Victor; Rolland, Jonathan; Zizka, Alexander; Antonelli, Alexandre; Salamin, Nicolas (2017),"Evolutionary history of New World monkeys revealed by molecular and fossil data"(PDF),BioRxiv:1–32,retrieved2017-09-24
- Takai, Masanaru; Anaya, Federico; Suzuki, Hisashi; Shigehara, Nobuo; Setoguchi, Takeshi (2001),"A New Platyrrhine from the Middle Miocene of La Venta, Colombia, and the Phyletic Position of Callicebinae",Anthropological Science, Tokyo,109(4): 289–307,doi:10.1537/ase.109.289,retrieved2017-09-24
- Tejedor, Marcelo F (2013),"Sistemática, evolución y paleobiogeografía de los primates Platyrrhini"(PDF),Revista del Museo de La Plata,20:20–39,retrieved2017-09-24
Further reading
[edit]- Fleagle, John G.; Rosenberger, Alfred L. (2013),The Platyrrhine Fossil Record,Elsevier,pp. 1–256,ISBN9781483267074,retrieved2017-10-21
- Hartwig, W.C.;Meldrum, D.J. (2002),The Primate Fossil Record - Miocene platyrrhines of the northern Neotropics,Cambridge University Press,pp. 175–188,ISBN978-0-521-08141-2,retrieved2017-09-24
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