Oakland Railroad Company

Oakland Railroad Company

A streetcar on Telegraph Avenue
Overview
Locale	Oakland, California
Dates of operation	1869–1901
Successor	Key System
Technical
Track gauge	4 ft8+1⁄2in(1,435 mm)standard gauge
Length	5.5 miles (8.9 km)

TheOakland Railroad Companyoperated the firsthorsecarrailroad inOakland, California.The company was incorporated in 1864 to offer transportation for students of private schools on Academy Hill (later known as Pill Hill.) Service began in 1869 over strap iron rails laid on wooden stringers connected by woodencross ties.The line initially ran along Broadway from First Street to Telegraph Road, and thence alongTelegraph Avenueto the city limit at 36th Street. The line was extended toTemescal Creekin 1870 and to theUniversity of California, Berkeleycampus in 1873 for a total distance of 5.5 miles (8.9 km). By 1874 a stable of 51 horses was pulling 13 one-horse cars for normal runs and 6 two-horse cars used when larger numbers of passengers were expected. The large car barn and stable on 51st street was later converted to asupermarket.A round trip from Oakland to Temescal and return was scheduled to take one hour, and three such trips were a day's work for the horses while their drivers worked a 14-hour day, 7 days a week. Asteam dummyreplaced horses on one of the larger cars in 1875.

Comstock Lodesilver baronJames Graham Fairpurchased the line in 1885 and converted some segments to the3 ft(914 mm) narrow gauge of his connectingSouth Pacific Coast Railroad.Fair then sold the line toSouthern Pacific's subsidiary Pacific Improvement Company in 1887, after his attempts to replace horses with steam locomotives were opposed by Oakland residents. Pacific Improvement Company electrified the line in 1892,with service beginning the following January simultaneously to the Lorin Branch down Alcatraz Avenue.The electrified line merged into theKey Systempredecessor Oakland Transit Company in 1901.The Telegraph Avenue rails were removed in 1954. The body of one of the original horse cars survived until 1948 as a playhouse for the children of a family on Delaware Street in Berkeley,and was subsequently donated to theCalifornia State Railroad Museum.