Oda Nobuhide
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Oda Nobuhide | |
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| Chức điền tín tú | |
 Statue of Oda Nobuhide at Banshō-ji | |
| Head ofDanjō no Jō Oda clan | |
| In office 1538–1551 | |
| Preceded by | Oda Nobusada |
| Succeeded by | Oda Nobunaga |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1510 Owari Province,Japan |
| Died | April 8, 1551(aged 40–41) Ōsu Kannon,Nagoya |
| Spouse | Tsuchida Gozen |
| Children | SeeFamily |
| Parents |
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| Relatives | Oda Nobuyasu (brother) Oda Nobumitsu (brother) Oda Nobutsugu (brother) Oda Nobuzane (brother) Lady Otsuya(sister) |
| Nickname(s) | "Tiger of Owari" ( vĩ trương の hổ ) "Bingo no Kami" ( bị hậu thủ ) |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  Oda clan |
| Rank | Daimyo ShugodaiofMikawa Province BugyoofOwari Province |
| Unit | Oda clan |
| Commands | Shobata Castle(1527) Nagoya Castle(1532) Furuwatari Castle(1536) Suemori Castle(1548) |
| Battles/wars | Siege of Anjō castle(1540) Battle of Azukizaka (1542) Battle of Kanōguchi(1547) Battle of Azukizaka (1548) |
Oda Nobuhide(Chức điền tín tú,1510 – April 8, 1551)was a Japanesedaimyōandmagistrateof theSengoku periodknown as "Tiger of Owari"and also the father ofOda Nobunaga,the first "Great Unifier" of Japan. Nobuhide was a deputyshugo(Shugodai) of lowerOwari Provinceand head of theOda clanwhich controlled most of Owari.
Biography
[edit]Oda Nobuhide was born in 1510 inOwari Province,the eldest son ofOda Nobusada,the head of theOda clanand ashugodai(deputyshugo) of the lower Owari area. Nobuhide became head of the Oda clan when Nobusada died in 1538, and became involved in open warfare as he was confronted to the north bySaitō Dōsan,thedaimyōofMino Province,and to the east byImagawa Yoshimoto,thedaimyōofMikawa,Suruga,andTōtōmiprovinces.
At certain year, Nobuhide invaded and besiege Ida castle in Mikawa.Sakai TadatsuguandNaitō Nobunariwere reportedly sallied out fighting Nobuhide's army to defend the castle.[1][2]
In 1540, Nobuhide attacked and tookAnjō castle,which was held by theMatsudaira clan.He was assisted byMizuno Tadamasa,his son,Oda Nobuhiro,was installed as the lord of the castle.
In 1542 he defeated Imagawa Yoshimoto atFirst Battle of Azukizaka.Nobuhide managed to hold his own against his opponents, but was never able to fully unite Owari due to constant internal struggles within Oda clan, which prevented him from achieving a complete victory.
In 1543, he donated 4000 kan (The currency of Japan at that time) to the Imperial Court for the repair expenses of the Imperial Palace, whileImagawa Yoshimoto's donation was 500 kan.[3]With such financial resources, the Oda clan came to possess more power than theShiba clan(Shugoof Owari). Nobuhide's economic policies were steadily passed down to his son, Nobunaga.[4]
In 1547, Nobuhide was defeated at theBattle of KanōguchibySaitō Dōsan.[5]
In 1548, Imagawa defeated Nobuhide in the Second Battle of Azukizaka and continued to expand his territory until 1560.
In 1549, Nobuhide made peace with Dōsan by arranging a political marriage between his eldest son,Oda Nobunaga,and Saitō Dōsan's daughter,Nōhime.Dōsan supported the marriage which allowed Nobuhide to focus on facing Yoshimoto. In one of his moments of glory, Nobuhide managed to captureMatsudaira Hirotada's son and heir, Matsudaira Motoyasu (later known asTokugawa Ieyasu) as ahostage,to en route Yoshimoto and was thus able to gain some footholds into Mikawa.
Nobuhide died unexpectedly in 1551, and his remains are interred in a little-known alley nearOsu Kannontemple inNagoya.[6]
Succession controversy
[edit]Nobuhide's eldest son, Oda Nobuhiro, wasillegitimate.Therefore, Nobuhide designated his eldest legitimate son, Nobunaga, to succeed him as the head of the Oda clan and its smalldomain.[7][8]Nobunaga, who hardly knew his father and already had a bad reputation as a delinquent in Owari, arrived inappropriately dressed at Nobuhide's funeral and threwincenseat the altar of the temple as he cursed his fate. Nobunaga's behavior and reputation resulted in almost all support that Nobuhide'sretainerswould have given him to disappear. Almost all Oda retainers and Nobunaga's motherTsuchida Gozenfavored his younger brother,Oda Nobuyuki,who was considered to be well-behaved and reputable. As a result, Nobunaga was left with support fromHirate Masahideand his father-in-law Saitō Dōsan, whom he had never met before, and asuccession crisis.Many of Nobuhide's relatives and retainers attempted to usurp his heir, and it would take seven years for Nobunaga to consolidate his power within the Oda clan and finally unite Owari Province. Nobunaga eventually conquered most of Japan, beginning his campaign in Owari, and became known as the first of the three "Great Unifiers" of the Sengoku period.[9]
Notable retainers
[edit]Family
[edit]- Father:Oda Nobusada
- Brothers:
- Oda Nobuyasu
- Oda Nobumitsu(1516–1556)
- Oda Nobutsugu
- Oda Nobuzane
- Sister:Lady Otsuya
- Wife:Tsuchida Gozen(1511-1594), who gave birth to four of his sons (Nobunaga,Nobuyuki,NobukaneandOda Hidetaka).
- Sons:
- Oda Nobuhiro(died 1574) (illegitimate oldest son)
- Oda Nobunaga(1534–1582)
- Oda Nobuyuki(1536–1557)
- Oda Nobukane(1548–1614)
- Oda Nagamasu(1548–1622)
- Oda Nobuharu(1549–1570)
- Oda Nobutoki(died 1556)
- Oda Nobuoki
- Oda Hidetaka(died 1555)
- Oda Hidenari
- Oda Nobuteru
- Oda Nagatoshi
- Daughters:
- Oichi(1547–1583)
- Oinu,marriedSaji Nobutakaand mother ofSaji Kazunari
References
[edit]- ^Cương kỳ thị (1983).Shinpen Okazaki shishi Supplement(in Japanese). Tân biên cương kỳ thị sử biên さん ủy viên hội. p. 32.Retrieved14 May2024.
- ^Cương kỳ thị (1983).Tân biên cương kỳ thị sử: Chūsei (Honbun hen).Tân biên cương kỳ thị sử biên さん ủy viên hội. p. 1141.Retrieved14 May2024.
- ^"さらに, 1543 niên ( thiên văn 12 niên ) には, hoàng cư の tu thiện phí として, 4,000 quán văn を hiến thượng.".Touken World.RetrievedMay 11,2024.
- ^"Kinh tế lực を tồn phân に phát huy して, trứ 々と địa vị を thượng げ, bổn gia の thanh châu chức điền thị はもとより, thủ hộ だった tư ba thị を lăng ぐまで cấp thành trường していきました.".Touken World.RetrievedMay 19,2024.
- ^Turnbull, Stephen (1998).The Samurai Sourcebook.Cassell & Co. p. 211.ISBN1-85409-523-4.
- ^Pitelka, Morgan (2016).Spectacular accumulation.University of Hawai'i Press.ISBN978-0-8248-5736-3.
- ^Sansom, George (1961).A History of Japan, 1334–1615.Stanford University Press. p. 276.ISBN0-8047-0525-9.
- ^Titsingh, Isaac. (1834).Annales des empereurs du japon,p. 381.
- ^kato."Oda Nobuhide".Samurai World(in Japanese).Retrieved2020-08-23.
- Titsingh,Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō,1652],Nipon o daï itsi ran;ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon, tr. par M. Isaac Titsingh avec l'aide de plusieurs interprètes attachés au comptoir hollandais de Nangasaki; ouvrage re., complété et cor. sur l'original japonais-chinois, accompagné de notes et précédé d'un Aperçu d'histoire mythologique du Japon, par M. J.Klaproth.Paris:Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland....Link to digitized full text (in French)
