Old friends of the Chinese people
| Old friends of the Chinese people | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simplified Chinese | Trung quốc nhân dân đích lão bằng hữu | ||||||
| Traditional Chinese | Trung quốc nhân dân đích lão bằng hữu | ||||||
| |||||||
Old friends of the Chinese people[1](simplified Chinese:Trung quốc nhân dân đích lão bằng hữu;traditional Chinese:Trung quốc nhân dân đích lão bằng hữu), orChinese people's old friends,[2]is a special Chinese diplomatic term used by theChinese Communist Partyand theChinese governmentand its main leaders[3]to describe international friends who made contributions toChina's construction.[4]From 1949 to 2010, 601 foreigners, from 123 countries on five continents, were referred to as the "old friends" in thePeople's Daily.[5]Among the first wasJames Gareth Endicott,a Canadian clergyman who supported theChinese Communist Revolution.[6]The first time the Chinese Communist Party publicly used “old friend of the Chinese people” was in 1956 when the term appeared in the state’sPeople’s Dailyto describe Endicott.[7]
The number ofnationalitiesof foreign friends described as "old friends of the Chinese people" has increased from 9 in the 1950s and 1960s to 24 in the 1990s, and again to 29 in the 21st century.[8]
With the changes in China's foreign policy, the "old friends of the Chinese people" in different eras also point to different groups. The first batch of "old friends", represented byEdgar SnowandMa Haide,[9]were foreigners who had visitedYan'anduring theSecond Sino-Japanese Warand assisted the Chinese Communist Revolution. The second batch of "old friends", represented byNorodom Sihanouk,[9]were the leaders of theThird WorldandEastern Blocwho had supported each other internationally after the establishment of thePeople's Republic of Chinain 1949. The third batch of "old friends", represented byHenry Kissinger[9]andRichard Nixon,[10]were the private individuals and foreign dignitaries who had contributed to the normalization of China's diplomacy in the 1970s. During a July 2023 meeting with Kissinger in Beijing,General Secretary of the Chinese Communist PartyXi Jinping said, “The Chinese people never forget their old friends, and Sino-U.S. relations will always be linked with the name of Henry Kissinger.”[11]The fourth batch of "old friends", represented byGeorge H. W. BushandJacques Chirac,[12]are those who, after China'sreform and opening up,have helped China to integrate into the world order and stand on the international stage.[13]
In his foreign policy discourse, Xi Jinping cites the examples of "foreign friends of China" to acknowledge other countries' sacrifices to assist in China's national liberation, particularly with regard to theSecond Sino-Japanese war.[14]: 42 For example, during diplomatic visits to other countries, Xi has praised the contributions of people likeClaire Lee Chennault,Norman Bethune,Dawarkanath Kotnis,and Soviet pilots.[14]: 42
See also
[edit]- Hurting the feelings of the Chinese people
- International Department of the Chinese Communist Party
- State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs
References
[edit]- ^David Bandurski (January 29, 2016)."Why so sensitive? A complete history of China's 'hurt feelings'".Hong Kong Free Press.Archivedfrom the original on December 9, 2016.
- ^"China agents in U.S. government helped influence policy, academic says".The Washington Times.December 6, 2020.Archivedfrom the original on January 30, 2023.
- ^"Chirac honored as" an old friend of the Chinese people ", creating a golden decade of Sino-French relations".HK01.2019-09-26.Archivedfrom the original on 2021-10-30.
- ^"12" old friends of the Chinese people "were awarded the War of Resistance Against Japan Memorial Medal".BBC News.2015-09-02.Archivedfrom the original on 2021-10-30.
- ^"Who are the international friends today?".Radio Free Asia.2021-05-25.Archivedfrom the original on 2022-12-03.
- ^Decoding the Chinese Internet: A Glossary of Political Slang.China Digital TimesInc. 2015-07-16. p. 40.ISBN978-0-9898243-4-7.Archivedfrom the original on 2022-02-16.Retrieved2024-08-15.
- ^"What Does It Mean to Be China's" Old Friend "?".China Media Project.2023-09-06.Archivedfrom the original on 2023-11-10.Retrieved2023-10-19.
- ^Zhao Jinjun (2014).China and the International Society: Adaptation and Self-Consciousness.World Scientific.pp. 73–.ISBN978-1-938134-51-7.
- ^abc"How many old friends do the Chinese people have?".The New York Times.Jun 19, 2014.Archivedfrom the original on April 9, 2022.
- ^Woei Lien Chong (2002).China's Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution: Master Narratives and Post-Mao Counternarratives.Rowman & Littlefield.pp. 137–.ISBN978-0-7425-1874-2.
- ^"Why Kissinger Went to China — Again".POLITICO.2023-07-22.Archivedfrom the original on 2023-09-24.Retrieved2023-10-19.
- ^Anne-Marie Brady (8 September 2003).Making the Foreign Serve China: Managing Foreigners in the People's Republic.Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.pp. 7–.ISBN978-1-4617-0475-1.
- ^"Cui Tiankai mourns Ezra Vogel and calls him" an old friend of the Chinese people "".Central News Agency.2020-12-21.Archivedfrom the original on 2021-06-28.
- ^abShan, Patrick Fuliang (2024). "What Did the CCP Learn from the Past?". In Fang, Qiang; Li, Xiaobing (eds.).China under Xi Jinping: A New Assessment.Leiden University Press.ISBN9789087284411.JSTORjj.15136086.7.