Olfactory mucosa
| Olfactory mucosa | |
|---|---|
| Details | |
| System | Olfactory system |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | pars olfactoria tunicae mucosae nasi, regio olfactoria tunicae mucosae nasi |
| MeSH | D009831 |
| Anatomical terminology | |
Theolfactory mucosais theneuroepithelialmucosa[1]lining the roof and upper parts of theseptumand lateral wall of thenasal cavity[1][2]which containsbipolar neuronsof the primary receptor neurons of theolfactory pathway,as well as supporting cells. The neurons'dendritesproject towards the nasal cavity while their axons ascend through thecribriform plate[1]as theolfactory nerves.[3]
The part of the nasal cavity that is lined with olfactory mucosa is known as the olfactory region (pars olfactoria tunicae mucosae nasi),[2]while the rest of the nasal cavity that is lined by ordinaryrespiratory mucosais known as the respiratory region.[4]
Structure
[edit]Olfactory mucosa lines about 5cm2of the posterosuperior parts of the lateral nasal wall. Parts of the nasal cavity lined by olfactory mucosa include: parts of the roof of the nasal cavity, the superior nasal concha and some upper parts of the middle nasal concha, parts of the nasal septum, and thesphenoethmoidal recess.[5]
The olfactory mucosa is thicker and lighter in colour (yellowish-brown) in comparison to the (pinkish) respiratory mucosa lining the rest of the nasal cavity.[1]
Glands of the olfactory mucosa secrete a mostlyserous fluid.[5]
Histology
[edit]The olfactory mucosa consists of theolfactory epitheliumand the underlyinglamina propria,connective tissue containingfibroblasts,blood vessels,Bowman's glandsand bundles of fineaxonsfrom the olfactoryneurons.[6]
Invertebrates,the olfactory epithelium consists of a three basic cell types:bipolarolfactory receptor neurons;sustentacular cells,a type of supporting cell; andbasal cells,thestem cellsthat continuously give rise to new olfactory receptor neurons and sustentacular cells.[7]
Electron microscopystudies show that Bowman's glands contain cells with large secretory vesicles.[8]The exact composition of the secretions from Bowman's glands is unclear, but there is evidence that they produceodorant binding protein.[9][10]
Physiology
[edit]Themucusprotects the olfactory epithelium and allowsodorsto dissolve so that they can be detected byolfactory receptor neurons.[8][verification needed]
Research
[edit]Adult stem cell harvesting
Cells in the olfactory mucosa have been used in clinical trials foradult stem celltherapeutic treatments and successfully harvested for future applications.[11]
CB1 receptors and obesity
Type 1 cannabinoid receptors(CB1 receptors) are present in the sustentacular cells of the olfactory mucosa, in theperiglomerular cellsof theolfactory bulb,and in theanterior olfactory nucleusandolfactory cortices.A study in 2008 in mice has shown that the level of CB1 expression in various brain regions, including the olfactory nucleus, is modulated by diet-inducedobesity.[12]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^abcdSinnatamby, Chummy S. (2011).Last's Anatomy(12th ed.). Elsevier Australia. p. 373.ISBN978-0-7295-3752-0.
- ^ab"pars olfactoria tunicae mucosae nasi".TheFreeDictionary.com.Retrieved2023-06-12.
- ^"fila olfactoria".TheFreeDictionary.com.Retrieved2023-06-12.
- ^"pars respiratoria tunicae mucosae".TheFreeDictionary.com.Retrieved2023-06-12.
- ^abStandring, Susan (2020).Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice(42th ed.). New York. p. 692.ISBN978-0-7020-7707-4.OCLC1201341621.
{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^Moran, David T.; Rowley Jc, 3rd; Jafek, BW; Lovell, MA (1982), "The fine structure of the olfactory mucosa in man",Journal of Neurocytology,11(5): 721–746,doi:10.1007/BF01153516,PMID7143026,S2CID25263022
{{citation}}:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^Schwob, James E. (2002), "Neural Regeneration and the Peripheral Olfactory System",The Anatomical Record,269(1): 33–49,doi:10.1002/ar.10047,PMID11891623
- ^abFrisch, Donald (1967), "Ultrastructure of mouse olfactory mucosa.",The American Journal of Anatomy,121(1): 87–120,doi:10.1002/aja.1001210107,PMID6052394
- ^Gartner, Leslie P.; Hiatt, James L. (2007).Color Textbook of Histology.Saunders/Elsevier. p. 349.ISBN978-1-4160-2945-8.
- ^Tegoni, Mariella; Pelosi, P; Vincent, F; Spinelli, S; Campanacci, V; Grolli, S; Ramoni, R; Cambillau, C (2000), "Mammalian odorant binding proteins",Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology,1482(1–2) (published 1967): 229–240,doi:10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00167-9,PMID11058764
- ^Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies
- ^Palouzier-Paulignan, Brigitte; Lacroix, Marie-Christine; Aimé, Pascaline; Baly, Christine; Caillol, Monique; Congar, Patrice; Julliard, A. Karyn; Tucker, Kristal; Fadool, Debra Ann (2012-11-01)."Olfaction Under Metabolic Influences".Chemical Senses.37(9): 769–797.doi:10.1093/chemse/bjs059.ISSN0379-864X.PMC3529618.PMID22832483.