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openSUSE
openSUSE 15.5 with defaultKDE Plasmaconfiguration
DeveloperopenSUSE Project
OS familyLinux(Unix-like)
Working stateCurrent
Source modelOpen source
Initial releaseMarch 1994;30 years ago(1994-03)(as SUSE Linux)
7 December 2006;17 years ago(2006-12-07)(as openSUSE)[1]
Latest release15.6[2]Edit this on Wikidata/ 12 June 2024;3 months ago(12 June 2024)
Repositorybuild.opensuse.org
Marketing targetDesktop, workstation, server, development
Available inEnglish, German, Russian, Italian, Portuguese and many others[3]
Update method
Package manager
  • ZYpp(standard)
  • YaST(GUI or curses front-end)
  • zypper(command-line front-end)
  • RPM(low-level)
Platforms
KerneltypeMonolithic(Linux)
UserlandGNU
Default
user interface		Selection at install:

Also available at install:

LicenseFree softwarelicenses (mainlyGNU GPL)
Official websitewww.opensuse.org

openSUSE[5](/ˌoʊpənˈsuːzə/) is afree and open-sourceLinux distributiondeveloped by the openSUSE project. It is offered in two main variations:Tumbleweed,an upstreamrolling releasedistribution, andLeap,a stable release distribution which is sourced fromSUSE Linux Enterprise.[6]

The openSUSE project is sponsored bySUSEof Germany; the company released the first version asSUSE Linuxin 1994. Its development was opened up to the community in 2005, which marked the creation of openSUSE.[7]The focus of the developers is on creating a stable and user-friendlyRPM-based operating system with a large target group forworkstationsandservers.[8]

Additionally, the project creates a variety of related tools, such asYaST,Open Build Service,openQA, Snapper, Portus,KIWI,and OSEM.

Product history

[edit]
SuSE Linux 7.1, released 24 January 2001, with the older KDE 1.1.2 desktop

SUSE Linux

[edit]

In the past, the SUSE Linux company has focused on releasing theSUSE Linux PersonalandSUSE Linux Professionalbox sets which included extensive printed documentation that was available for sale in retail stores. The company's ability to sell an open-source product was largely due to the closed-source development process used. Although SUSE Linux had always been a free software product licensed with theGNU General Public License(GNU GPL), it was only freely possible to retrieve the source code of the next release 2 months after it was ready for purchase. SUSE Linux' strategy was to create a technically superior Linux distribution with a large number of employed engineers, that would make users willing to pay for their distribution in retail stores.[9]

SUSE Linux is of German origin, its name being an acronym of "Software und System-Entwicklung" (software and systems development), and it was mainly developed in Europe. The first version appeared in early 1994, making SUSE one of the oldest existing commercial distributions. It is known for itsYaSTconfiguration tool.

openSUSE

[edit]

Since the acquisition byNovellin 2003 and with the advent of openSUSE, this has been reversed: starting with version 9.2, an unsupported one-DVDISO imageof SUSE Professional was made available for download. The FTP server continues to operate and has the advantage of "streamlined" installs, allowing the user to download only the packages the user feels they need. The ISO has the advantages of an easy install package, the ability to operate even if the user's network card does not work "out of the box," and less experience needed (i.e., an inexperienced Linux user may not know whether or not to install a certain package, and the ISO offers several preselected sets of packages).[citation needed]

SUSE Linux 10.0, released 6 October 2005, was the first release of the openSUSE Project.

The initial stable release from the openSUSE Project, SUSE Linux 10.0, was available for download just before the retail release of SUSE Linux 10.0. In addition, Novell discontinued the Personal version, renaming the Professional version to simply "SUSE Linux," and repricing "SUSE Linux" to about the same as the old Personal version. In 2006, with version 10.2, theSUSE Linuxdistribution was officially renamed to openSUSE, as it is pronounced similarly to “open source”.[10][11]Until version 13.2, stable fixed releases with separate maintenance streams from SLE were the project's main offering. Since late 2015, openSUSE has been split into two main offerings, Leap, the more conservative fixed release Leap distribution based on SLE, and Tumbleweed, the rolling release distribution focused on integrating the latest stable packages from upstream projects.[12]

Over the years, SUSE Linux has gone from a status of a distribution with restrictive, delayed publications (2 months of waiting for those who had not bought the box, without ISOs available, but installation available via FTP) and a closed development model to a free distribution model with immediate and free availability for all and transparent and open development.[13]

On 27 April 2011, Attachmate completed its acquisition of Novell. Attachmate split Novell into two autonomous business units, Novell and SUSE. Attachmate made no changes to the relationship between SUSE (formerly Novell) and the openSUSE project. After the 2014 merger of the Attachmate Group with Micro Focus, SUSE reaffirmed its commitment to openSUSE.[14]

EQT ABannounced their intent to acquire SUSE on 2 July 2018. There are no expected changes in the relationship between SUSE and openSUSE. This acquisition is the third acquisition of SUSE Linux since the founding of the openSUSE Project and closed on 15 March 2019.[15]

The openSUSE Project

[edit]
The openSUSE Project
FounderNovell
TypeCommunity
FocusFree software
ProductsopenSUSE distribution,Open Build Service,openQAetc.
Websiteen.opensuse.org/Portal:Project

The openSUSE Project is a community project to create, promote, improve, and document the openSUSELinux distribution.[16]

TheopenSUSE Projectcommunity, sponsored bySUSEand others, develops and maintains variousdistributionsbased onLinux.

Beyond the distributions and tools, the openSUSE Project provides a web portal for community involvement. The community develops openSUSE collaboratively with its corporate sponsors through theOpen Build Service,openQA, writing documentation, designing artwork, fostering discussions on openmailing listsand inInternet Relay Chatchannels, and improving the openSUSE site through itswikiinterface.[citation needed]

The openSUSE Project developsfree softwareand tools and has two main Linux distributions named openSUSE Leap and openSUSE Tumbleweed. The project has several distributions for specific purposes like MicroOS, which is an immutableoperating systemthat hosts container workloads, and theKubernetescertified distribution Kubic, which is a multi-purpose standalone andKubernetescontainer operating system based on openSUSE MicroOS. The project is sponsored by a number of companies and individuals, most notablySUSE,AMD[17],B1 Systems, Heinlein Support, and TUXEDO Computers.[18]

The first indication that there should be a community-based Linux distribution called OpenSuSE goes back to a mail of 3 August 2005,[19]in which at the same time the launch of the website opensuse.org was announced. This page was available a few days later.[20]One day later the launch of the community project was officially announced.[21]

According to its own understanding, openSUSE is a community that propagates the use of Linux and free software wherever possible.[22][23]Beside a Linux-based distribution it develops tools like theOpen Build ServiceandYaST.Collaboration is open to everyone.

Activities

[edit]

The openSUSE Project develops the openSUSE Linux distribution as well as a large number of tools around building Linux distributions like theOpen Build Service,KIWI,YaST,openQA, Snapper, Portus, and more. The project annually hostsfree software events.The community's conference is held at a location in Europe and a summit is held at a location in Asia.[citation needed]

Organization

[edit]

The project is controlled by its community and relies on the contributions of individuals, working as testers, writers, translators, usability experts, artists, and developers. The project embraces a wide variety of technology, people with different levels of expertise, speaking different languages, and having different cultural backgrounds.[24]

There is an openSUSE Board which is responsible to lead the overall project. The openSUSE Board provides guidance and supports existing governance structures but does not direct or control development, since community mechanisms exist to accomplish the goals of the project. The board documents decisions and policies.[citation needed]

The project is self-organized without a legal structure, although the establishment of afoundationhas been under consideration for some time.[25]

SUSE as the main sponsor exerts some influence, but the project is legally independent of SUSE. openSUSE is a "do-ocracy"in which those who do the work also decide what happens. This primarily the case with desktop and application development, as the sources of the base packages have been coming fromSLEsince the switch to the Leap development model. To further unify the base, the 'Closing-the-Leap-Gap' project has been started,[26]where openSUSE Leap 15.3 will be completely based onSLE'sbinary packages.[citation needed]

Organizational units

[edit]

There are three main organizational units:

  • openSUSE Board:the board consists of 5 members elected for 2 years at a time, plus the chairman, who is provided by SUSE.[27]The Board serves as a central point of contact, helps with conflict resolutions and communicates community interests to SUSE. As of January 2023, the Board has the following members:
    • Douglas DeMaio (US)
    • Dr. Gerald Pfeifer (AT), Chair
    • Gertjan Lettink (NL)
    • Maurizio Galli (CH)
    • Neal Gompa (US)
    • Patrick Fitzgerald (UK)
  • Election Officials:The Election Committee manages and supervises the elections to the openSUSE Board. It consists of three or more volunteers.[28]
  • Membership-Officials:The Membership-Officials[29]are appointed by the Board if interested. The Membership-Officials decide on the admission of contributors to the group of openSUSE members upon request. A member receives, among other things, an @opensuse.org address. Only members may vote in the election to the Board.

SUSE Company history

[edit]
Further information:SUSE Linux § History

Current distributions

[edit]

openSUSE Tumbleweed

[edit]
openSUSE Tumbleweed Logo
openSUSE Tumbleweed Logo

Tumbleweedis the flagship of the openSUSE Project. Instead of classical version numbers and periodic updates, arolling releasesystem is used: updates happen continuously; previous states of the operating system are saved as "snapshots". Tumbleweed is preferred by openSUSE users as a desktop system.[30]

In the old development model, with each new openSUSE release (13.0, 13.1,...) a new rolling release was set-up, which always received new packages. When the new release was at the doorstep, and Tumbleweed was reset to that release, most packages were newer than the ones in the release, which led to problems.[citation needed]

With the switch to Leap, the development model was changed completely: according to theFactory Firstpolicy all software packages had to be sent to Factory in the first place before they could be included in a distribution. Out of Factory a dailysnapshotis taken and tested inopenQA.A successful test is released as the next Tumbleweed snapshot. Unlike other rolling release distributions, Tumbleweed is atested rolling release,which increases stability dramatically.[31]

Technically Tumbleweed is the basis for MicroOS and Kubic.[32]

openSUSE Leap

[edit]
openSUSE Leap Logo
openSUSE Leap Logo

Leap is a classic stable distribution approach: one release each year, and in between, security updates and bug fixes. This makes Leap very attractive as a server operating system,[33]as well as a desktop operating system,[34]since it requires little maintenance effort.

For the version released in the fall of 2015, the development team settled on the nameopenSUSE Leapwith the deviating version number 42.1. As in the openSUSE version 4.2 from May 1996, which was called S.u.S.E. Linux at the time, the number42refers to the question about "life, the universe and everything" in theHitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxybook series. After that, the basis packages are received from theSUSE Linux Enterprise,while applications and desktops come from Tumbleweed.[citation needed]

At the openSUSE conference held in Nuremberg in 2016, statistics were announced that since the conceptual reorientation with openSUSE Leap 42.1, increasing user numbers had been recorded.[35]According to this, the number of downloads is 400,000DVD-imagesper month with an increasing tendency. Each month, 1,600 installations would be added, and 500,000packageswould be installed. The number ofTumbleweedusers is 60,000, half of whom frequently performupdates.Thus, the number ofTumbleweedinstallations had doubled in the last year.

Other findings from the statistics are that most installations are done via DVD images. The dominant architecture isx64.The geographical distribution of users has hardly changed according to these figures. One-third of users are from Germany, 12% are found in the US, 5% in Russia, and 3% in Brazil.[35]

For the openSUSE Leap 15.3 release, the repository for openSUSE Leap and SUSE Linux Enterprise (SLE) was merged and now contains the same source code and binary packages.[36]SLE 15 will be supported until 31 July 2028.[37]

openSUSE MicroOS

[edit]
MicroOS Logo
MicroOS Logo

MicroOS[38]is an immutable, minimalistic, self-maintained and transactional system, which is primarily, but not exclusively, intended for use inedge computingor ascontainer runtime.Some even use it as desktop system.[39]

The system is self-contained and transactional; it updates itself in an all-or-nothing approach (transactional) and rolls back to its previous stage in case something goes wrong. It runs from a read-only file system, preventing accidental changes and malware attacks. The transactional update does not affect the running system.

All software available for Tumbleweed is also available for MicroOS. As it comes withpodmanContainer-Runtime, MicroOS is advertised as "the perfect Container-Host."

MicroOS Desktop was the focus for the 2021Hackweek.

On 31 May 2023, openSUSE announced name changes: the GNOME version of MicroOS is now called Aeon, and the Plasma version is called Kalpa.[40]

Factory project

[edit]

The Factory project is the rolling development code base for openSUSETumbleweed,[41]Factory is mainly used as an internal term for openSUSE's distribution developers, and the target project for all contributions to openSUSE's main code base. There is a constant flow of packages going into the Factory. There is no freeze; therefore, the Factory repository is not guaranteed to be fully stable and is not intended to be used by humans.

The core system packages receive automated testing viaopenQA.When automated testing is completed and the repository is in a consistent state, the repository is synced to the download mirrors and published as openSUSE Tumbleweed, That usually happens several times a week.[42]

Supported Architectures

[edit]

openSUSE currently (2024) supports installation viaISOand/or over a network fromrepositoriesfor a wide range ofhardwareandvirtualizationplatforms. This includesAArch64(custom version forRaspberry Piis available),Arm8,POWER8 (ppc64le),IBM zSystems (s390x),the ubiquitousIntel 64 (x86-64),i586,andi686.Arm8(including earlierRaspberry Pimodels),i586,andi686are available in32-bitversion only. Specialized releases for use in containers and virtualized environments are available foronie,Microsoft Hyper-V,kvm,xen,Digital Ocean Cloud, Container Host withVMware,Vagrant,andVirtualBox.It can also be installed in conventional virtualization environments with a range of architectures e.g. using VirtualBox, VMWare, or Hyper-V.

openSUSE Leap currently supports: aarch64, ppc64le, s390x, x86_64.

Features

[edit]

YaST Control Center

[edit]
Main article:YaST

SUSE includes an installation and administration program called YaST ( "Yet another Setup Tool" ) which handles hard disk partitioning, system setup, RPM package management, online updates, network, andfirewallconfiguration, user administration and more in an integrated interface. By 2010, many more YaST modules were added, including one forBluetoothsupport.[43]It also controls all software applications. SaX2 was once integrated into YaST to change monitor settings, however, with openSUSE 11.3 SaX2 has been removed.

The GTK user interface was removed starting with Leap 42.1, however, the ncurses and Qt interfaces remain.

YaST's user interfaces
  • Qt
    Qt
  • ncurses
    ncurses

AutoYaST

[edit]
Main article:YaST

AutoYaSTis part of YaST2 and is used for automatic installation. The configuration is stored in an XML file and the installation happens without user interaction.

WebYaST

[edit]
WebYaST
Main article:YaST

WebYaSTis a web interface version of YaST. It can configure settings and updates of the openSUSE machine it is running on. It can also shut down and check the status of the host.

ZYpp package management

[edit]
Main article:ZYpp

ZYpp (or libzypp) is a Linux software management engine. ZYpp is the backend for zypper, the default command line package management tool for openSUSE.

Build Service

[edit]
Main article:Open Build Service

TheOpen Build Serviceprovides software developers with a tool to compile, release and publish their software for many distributions, includingMandriva,Ubuntu,FedoraandDebian.It typically simplifies the packaging process, so developers can more easily package a single program for many distributions, and many openSUSE releases, making more packages available to users regardless of what distribution version they use. It is published under theGNU GPLv2+.[44]

Default use of Delta RPM

[edit]

By default, openSUSE usesDelta RPMswhen updating an installation. A Delta RPM contains the difference between an old and a new version of a package. This means that only the changes between the installed package and the new one, are downloaded. This reduces bandwidth consumption and update time, which is especially important on slow Internet connections.

Desktop innovation

[edit]

KDE

[edit]

SUSE was a leading contributor to theKDEproject for many years. SUSE's contributions in this area have been very wide-ranging, and affecting many parts of KDE such askdelibsandKDEBase,Kontact,and kdenetwork. Other notable projects include:KNetworkManager– a front-end toNetworkManager[45]andKickoff– a new K menu for KDE Plasma Desktop.[46]

From openSUSE Leap 42.1 to 15.0, the defaultPlasma 5desktop for openSUSE used the traditional cascadingApplication Menuin place of the upstream defaultKickoff-likeApplication Launchermenu. The openSUSE Leap KDE experience is built on long-term support versions of KDE Plasma, starting with openSUSE Leap 42.2.[47]With openSUSE Leap 15.1, the Plasma 5 desktop now again defaults to theKickoff-style application menu.

GNOME

[edit]
GNOME 3.26 under openSUSE 15.1. openSUSE Leap's GNOME implementation has used Wayland by default since version 15.0.

TheXimiangroup became part of Novell, and in turn made and continued several contributions to GNOME with applications such asF-Spot,EvolutionandBanshee. The GNOME desktop used theslabinstead of the classic double-panelled GNOME menu bars from openSUSE 10.2 to openSUSE 11.4. In openSUSE 12.1slabwas replaced with the upstream GNOME Shell and GNOME Fallback designs.

Starting with openSUSE Leap 15.0, GNOME onWaylandis offered as the default GNOME session.[48]GNOME Classic,GNOME on Xorg, and "GNOME SLE" are offered as alternative sessions to the more upstream Wayland-based session.

Releases

[edit]

10.x series

[edit]

The initial stable release from the openSUSE Project was SUSE Linux 10.0, released on 6 October 2005.[49]This was released as a freely downloadableISO imageand as a boxed retail package, with certain bundled software only included in the retail package.[50]

On 11 May 2006, theopenSUSE Projectreleased SUSE Linux 10.1, with the mailing list announcement identifyingXgl,NetworkManager,AppArmor and Xen as prominent features.[51]

For their third release, the openSUSE Project renamed their distribution, releasing openSUSE 10.2 on 7 December 2006. Several areas that developers focused their efforts on were reworking the menus used to launch programs in KDE and GNOME, moving toext3as the defaultfile system,providing support for internal readers ofSecure Digital cardscommonly used indigital cameras,improvingpower managementframework (more computers can entersuspendedstates instead ofshutting downandstarting up) and thepackage management system.This release also featured version 2.0 ofMozilla Firefox.

The fourth release, openSUSE 10.3, was made available as a stable version on 4 October 2007.[52]An overhaul of the software package management system (including support for1-Click-Install), legal MP3 support fromFluendoand improved boot-time are some of the areas focused on for this release.

11.x series

[edit]

openSUSE 11.0 was released on 19 June 2008. It includes the latest version of GNOME and two versions of KDE (the older, stable 3.5.9 and the newer 4.0.4).[53][54]It comes in three freely downloadable versions: a complete installation DVD (including GNOME, KDE 3, and KDE SC 4), and twoLive CDs(GNOME, and KDE SC 4 respectively). A KDE 3 Live CD was not produced due to limited resources.[54]Package management and installation were made significantly faster withZYpp.[55]

openSUSE 11.1 was released on 18 December 2008. Updated software includesGNOME2.24.1,Plasma 4.1.3+K Desktop Environment 3.5.10,OpenOffice.org3.0,VirtualBox2.0.6,Compiz0.7.8,Zypper1.0.1, continued improvement in the software update stack,X.Org7.4,Xserver1.5.2, and Linux kernel 2.6.27.7.[56]openSUSE 11.1 was the first Evergreen supported release.[57]

openSUSE 11.2[58]was released on 12 November 2009.[59]It includes Plasma 4.3, GNOME 2.28,Mozilla Firefox 3.5,OpenOffice.org 3.1, improvedsocial networksupport, updated filesystems such asExt4as the new default and support forBtrfs,installer support forwhole-disk encryption,significant improvements toYaSTandzypper,and all ISO images arehybridand now support both USB and CD-ROM boot.[60][61]

openSUSE 11.3 was released on 15 July 2010. It includes Plasma 4.4.4, GNOME 2.30.1,Mozilla Firefox 3.6.6, OpenOffice.org 3.2.1, SpiderOak support, support for the Btrfs filesystem and support for LXDE. It also updates the Linux kernel to version 2.6.34.[60]

openSUSE 11.4 was finished on 3 March 2011, and released on 10 March 2011. It includes Plasma 4.6.0, GNOME 2.32.1,Mozilla Firefox 4.0 beta 12, and switched from OpenOffice.org toLibreOffice3.3.1. It updates the Linux kernel to version 2.6.37.[62]

12.x series

[edit]

openSUSE 12.1 was released on 16 November 2011. This includes Plasma 4.7 and GNOME 3.2 and Firefox 7.0.1. The Linux kernel was updated to 3.1.0[63]It also introduced an advanced disk snapshot tool, called Snapper, for managingBtrfssnapshots.[64]openSUSE 12.1 was also the first release of openSUSE to use systemd by default rather than the traditional System V init. Users can still select to boot to System V init at startup time.

openSUSE 12.2 was to be released on 11 July 2012, but was postponed due to persistent stability issues.[65]The final release candidate was eventually announced on 2 August 2012, and the final release date was 5 September 2012.[66]12.2 includes the desktop environments Plasma 4.8, GNOME 3.4, Firefox 14.0.1, and Xfce 4.10 and now uses Plymouth and GRUB 2 by default.

openSUSE 12.3 was released on schedule on 13 March 2013. This includes Plasma 4.10, GNOME 3.6, Firefox 19.0, LibreOffice 3.6, and the removal of SuSEconfig. Also, the Live CD images were replaced with Live USB images, and an Xfce rescue image.

13.x series

[edit]

openSUSE 13.1 was released on 19 November 2013, and includes updates to Plasma 4.11, GNOME 3.10, Firefox 25.0, and LibreOffice 4.1. Some other changes include a YaST port to Ruby, the LightDM KDE greeter, and experimental Wayland support in the GNOME Shell and KDE Plasma Desktop. openSUSE 13.1 is an Evergreen supported release, meaning it will receive community patches for 18 months after SUSE support ends.[67]

openSUSE 13.2 was released on 4 November 2014, and includes updates to Plasma 4.11, KDE Applications 4.14, GNOME 3.14.1, Firefox 33.0 and LibreOffice 4.3.2.2.

Leap 42.x series

[edit]

The openSUSE team decided that the next version would be based onSUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES).They named it "Leap 42" (42 beingthe answer to life, the universe and everything);[68]this was a temporary anomaly in the version number sequence, as the following release series was numbered 15.X.

Leap 42.2 features KDE Plasma 5.8 LTS as its default desktop environment.[69]

Leap 15.x series

[edit]

openSUSE Leap 15[70][71]is based onSUSE Linux Enterprise (SLE).The name "Leap 15" is meant to match theSUSE Linux Enterpriseversion it is based on. Leap 15 (just like SUSE Linux Enterprise 15) usesLinux kernel4.12 LTS, and the default desktop is KDE Plasma 5.12 LTS. It also allows users to switch to its enterprise variant -SUSE Linux Enterprise15. The latest Leap 15.5 (released on 7 June 2023) uses Linux kernel 5.14.21,KDEPlasma 5.27 and comes with a new support ofPython3.11.[72]It is expected to be the penultimate release of Leap 15, with version 15.6 scheduled to be released in early June 2024.[73]

Version history

[edit]

Starting with versionLeap(after version 13.2), each major release (e.g. 15.0) is expected to be supported for at least 36 months, until the next major version is available (e.g. 16.0), aligned with SUSE Linux Enterprise Releases. Each minor release (e.g. 15.5, 15.6 etc.) is expected to be released annually, aligned with SUSE Linux Enterprise Service Packs, and users are expected to upgrade to the latest minor release within 6 months of its availability, leading to an expected support lifecycle of 18 months.

Tumbleweed[74][75]is updated on a rolling basis, and requires no upgrades beyond the regular installation of small updates and snapshots.[76]

Evergreen[57]was a community effort to prolong maintenance of selected openSUSE versions after they reached official end-of-life before the Leap series.

From 2009 to 2014, the openSUSE project aimed to release a new version every eight months. Prior to the Leap series, versions 11.2-13.2 were provided with critical updates for two releases plus two months, which resulted in an expected support lifetime of 18 months.[77][78]

Name Version Codename Release date[79] End of life Kernel version
Regular[80] Evergreen[57]
SUSE Linux[81] Old version, no longer maintained:10.0 Prague 2005-10-06 2007-11-30 — 2.6.13
Old version, no longer maintained:10.1 Agama Lizard 2006-05-11 2008-05-31 — 2.6.16
openSUSE Old version, no longer maintained:10.2 Basilisk Lizard 2006-12-07 2008-11-30 — 2.6.18
Old version, no longer maintained:10.3 — 2007-10-04 2009-10-31 — 2.6.22
Old version, no longer maintained:11.0 — 2008-06-19 2010-06-26 — 2.6.25
Old version, no longer maintained:11.1 — 2008-12-18 2011-01-14 2012–04 2.6.27
Old version, no longer maintained:11.2 Emerald 2009-11-12 2011-05-12 2013–11 2.6.31
Old version, no longer maintained:11.3[82] Teal 2010-07-15 2012-01-16 — 2.6.34
Old version, no longer maintained:11.4[83] Celadon 2011-03-10 2012-11-05 2014-09[84] 2.6.37
Old version, no longer maintained:12.1[85] Asparagus 2011-11-16 2013-05-15 — 3.1.0
Old version, no longer maintained:12.2[86] Mantis 2012-09-05 2014-01-15 — 3.4.6
Old version, no longer maintained:12.3[87] Dartmouth 2013-03-13 2015-01-01 — 3.7.10
Old version, no longer maintained:13.1[88] Bottle 2013-11-19 2016-02-03 2016-11[89] 3.11.6
Old version, no longer maintained:13.2[88] Harlequin 2014-11-04 2017-01-16 — 3.16.6
openSUSE Leap Old version, no longer maintained:42.1[90] Malachite 2015-11-04 2017-05-17 — 4.1.12
Old version, no longer maintained:42.2[91] — 2016-11-16 2018-01-26[92] — 4.4
Old version, no longer maintained:42.3[93] — 2017-07-26 2019-06-30[94] — 4.4
Old version, no longer maintained:15.0[95][96] — 2018-05-25[97] 2019-12-03[98] — 4.12
Old version, no longer maintained:15.1[99] — 2019-05-22 2021-01-31[100] — 4.12[101]
Old version, no longer maintained:15.2[102] — 2020-07-02[102] 2021-12-31[103] — 5.3.18[104]
Old version, no longer maintained:15.3[105] — 2021-06-02[106] 2022-12-31[107] — 5.3.18[108]
Old version, no longer maintained:15.4[109] — 2022-06-08[109] 2023-12-31 — 5.14.21[110]
Old version, yet still maintained:15.5[111] — 2023-06-07[112] 2024-12-31[112] — 5.14.21[111]
Current stable version:15.6[113] — 2024-06-12[113] 2025-12-31[113] — 6.4[114]
Future release:16.0[113] — 2025-11[113] TBD — TBD
openSUSE Tumbleweed[115] Current stable version:Rolling — 2014–11 Rolling — Latest stable
Legend:
Old version, not maintained
Old version, still maintained
Latest version
Latest preview version
Future release

Historic (1994-2005)

[edit]
Project Version Date of issue End of General Support End ofLTSS Linux kernel version
S.u.S.E. Linux (Slackware-based) 4/94 1994-03-29 ???? ???? 1.0
7/94 1994–07 ???? ???? 1.0.9
11/94 1994–11 ???? ???? 1.1.62
4/95 1995–04 ???? ???? 1.2.9
8/95 1995–08 ???? ???? 1.1.12
11/95 1995–11 ???? ???? 1.2.13
S.u.S.E. Linux (jurix-based) 4.2 1996–05 ???? ???? 2.0.0
4.3 1996–09 ???? ???? 2.0.18
4.4 1997–04 ???? ???? 2.0.24
4.4.1 1997-04-24 ???? ???? 2.0.28
5.0 1997–07 ???? ???? 2.0.30
5.1 1997–10 ???? ???? 2.0.32
5.2 1998-03-23 2000 ???? 2.0.33
5.3 1998-09-10 2000 ???? 2.0.35
SuSE Linux 6.0 1998-12-21 2000 ???? 2.0.36
6.1 1999-04-07 2001 ???? 2.2.6
6.2 1999-08-12 2001 ???? 2.2.10
6.3 1999-11-25 2001-12-10[116] ???? 2.2.13
6.4 2000-03-09 2002-06-17[117] ???? 2.2.14
7.0 2000-09-27 2002-11-04[118] ???? 2.2.16
7.1 2001-04-21 2003-05-16[119] ???? 2.2.18 / 2.4.0
7.2 2001-06-15 2003-10-01[120] ???? 2.2.19 / 2.4.4
7.3 2001-10-13 2003-12-15[121] ???? 2.4.9
8.0 2002-04-22 2004-06-30[122] ???? 2.4.18
8.1 2002-09-30 2005-01-31[123] ???? 2.4.19
8.2 2003-04-07 2005-07-14[124] ???? 2.4.20
Project Version Date of issue End of General Support End ofLTSS Linux kernel version

Version timeline

[edit]

Derivatives

[edit]

The project has spawned a few forks and derivative versions over the years, namely SUPER, SLICK Linux,[125]FyreLinux,Gibux(for theTurkish Revenue Administration), Lietukas Linux, Nelson GNU/Linux-libre, Edu Li-f-E, Linux Kamarada,[126]andGeckoLinux.[127]

Reception

[edit]

Jesse Smith fromDistroWatchWeekly reviewed openSUSE Leap 15.0, lauding the "work that has gone into the system installer", simplify for new users, but criticized the lack of media support, and performance issues, like a slow startup or slow shutdown.[128]

See also

[edit]

References

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