Orange oil
Orange oilis anessential oilproduced by cells within therindof anorange fruit(Citrus sinensisfruit). In contrast to most essential oils, it is extracted as aby-productof orange juice production bycentrifugation,producing a cold-pressed oil.[1]It is composed of mostly (greater than 90%)d-limonene,[2]and is often used in place of pure d-limonene. D-limonene can be extracted from the oil bydistillation.
Composition
[edit]The compounds inside an orange oil vary with each different oil extraction. Composition varies as a result of regional and seasonal changes as well as the method used for extraction. Several hundred compounds have been identified withgas chromatograph-mass spectrometry.Most of the substances in the oil belong to theterpenegroup withlimonenebeing the dominant one. Long chainaliphatichydrocarbon alcohols andaldehydeslike1-octanolandoctanalare second important group of substances. The presence ofsinensetin,aflavone,explains the orange color.[3]
| Compound | Italian Orange Oil[4]Concentration [%] | Valencia orange oil[5]Concentration [%] | Valencia orange oil[6]Concentration [%] | Valencia orange oil[7]Concentration [%] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Limonene | 93.67 | 91.4 | 95.17 | 97.0 |
| α-Pinene | 0.65 | 1.4 | 0.42 | – |
| Sabineneandβ-Pinene | 1.00 | 0.4 | 0.24 | – |
| Myrcene | 2.09 | 4.3 | 1.86 | 0.03 |
| Octanal | 0.41 | – | - | – |
| Linalool | 0.31 | 0.8 | 0.25 | 0.3 |
| δ-3-Carene | 0.31 | – | – | – |
| Decanal | 0.27 | 0.4 | 0.28 | – |
Uses
[edit]Insect control
[edit]Orange oil, particularly its primary componentd-limonene,is registered with theEPAas an active ingredient in products for the extermination of drywood termites,Formosan termites,and other structural pests.[8]It is a common alternative to traditional fumigation methods due to its lower toxicity and the convenience of local chemical injections. Orange oil treatments can be used for termite control.[8]Research also indicates that the d-limonene in orange oil can be useful in exterminating drywood termites (Incisitermes).[8]
Orange oil is used as agreen pesticideforbiological pest control,as it is effective againstantsand other insects by disrupting their scent-pheromonetrails or dissolving theirexoskeletons,thereby preventing infestations.[8]
Domestic cleaning agent
[edit]Due to its highlimonenecontent, orange oil is commonly used in cleaning products as a naturalsolvent.[8][9]It is also added tofurniture polishesto impart a fresh, citrus aroma.[9]
Hazards
[edit]As a main component of orange oil, limonene can dissolve skin oils, potentially causing irritation.[9]This is especially a concern with long-term industrial exposure, such as during the preparation of paints or degreasing processes. Limonene in orange oil is alsoflammable,and can be an irritant if ingested, inhaled, or if it comes into contact with the eyes. Some individuals may also experienceallergic reactions.[9]
See also
[edit]Neroli Petitgrain Orange oil tires
References
[edit]- ^Dominic W. S. Wong (1989).Mechanism and theory in food chemistry.Springer. p. 253.ISBN0-442-20753-0.
- ^K. Bauer, D. Garbe, and H. Surburg, "Common Fragrance and Flavor Materials", 4th Ed, Wiley VCH, 2001,ISBN3-527-30364-2.189.
- ^Steinke, K., Jose, E., Sicker, D., Siehl, H.-U., Zeller, K.-P. and Berger, S. (2013), Sinensetin. Chemie in unserer Zeit, 47: 158–163.doi:10.1002/ciuz.201300627
- ^A. Verzera; A. Trozzi; G. Dugo; G. Di Bella; A. Cotroneo (2004). "Biological lemon and sweet orange essential oil composition".Flavour and Fragrance Journal.19(6): 544–548.doi:10.1002/ffj.1348.
- ^Pino, J.; Sánchez, M.; Sánchez, R.; Roncal, E. (1992). "Chemical composition of orange oil concentrates".Food/Nahrung.36(6): 539–542.doi:10.1002/food.19920360604.
- ^J. D. Vora; R. F. Matthews; P. G. Crandall; R. Cook (1983). "Preparation and Chemical Composition of Orange Oil Concentrates".Journal of Food Science.48(4): 1197–1199.doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1983.tb09190.x.
- ^R. L. Colman; E. D. Lund; M. G. Moshonas (1969). "Composition of Orange Essence Oil".Journal of Food Science.34(6): 610–611.doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb12102.x.
- ^abcdeMashek, Bill (February 2008)."Orange Oil for Drywood Termites: Magic or Marketing Madness?"(PDF).The IPM Practitioner: Monitoring the Field of Pest Management.Jan/Feb 2008: 3 – via Bio Integral Resource Center (BIRC).
- ^abcd"Limonene".PubChem, US National Library of Medicine. 11 May 2024.Retrieved17 May2024.
