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Oxidoreductase

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Inbiochemistry,anoxidoreductaseis anenzymethat catalyzes the transfer ofelectronsfrom one molecule, thereductant,also called theelectron donor,to another, theoxidant,also called theelectron acceptor.This group of enzymes usually utilizesNADP+orNAD+ascofactors.[1][2]Transmembrane oxidoreductases createelectron transport chainsin bacteria,chloroplastsandmitochondria,including respiratory complexesI,IIandIII.Some others can associate withbiological membranesasperipheral membrane proteinsor be anchored to the membranes through a singletransmembrane helix.[3]

Reactions

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For example, an enzyme that catalyzed this reaction would be an oxidoreductase:

A–+ B → A + B–

In this example, A is the reductant (electron donor) and B is the oxidant (electron acceptor).

In biochemical reactions, theredoxreactions are sometimes more difficult to see, such as this reaction fromglycolysis:

Pi+ glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + NAD+→ NADH + H++ 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

In this reaction, NAD+is the oxidant (electron acceptor), andglyceraldehyde-3-phosphateis the reductant (electron donor).

Nomenclature

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Proper names of oxidoreductases are formed as "donor:acceptoroxidoreductase "; however, other names are much more common.[citation needed]

  • The common name is "donordehydrogenase"when possible, such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase for the second reaction above.
  • Common names are also sometimes formed as "acceptorreductase ", such as NAD+reductase.
  • "Donoroxidase"is a special case whereO2is the acceptor.

Classification

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Oxidoreductases are classified asEC 1in theEC numberclassification of enzymes. Oxidoreductases can be further classified into 21 subclasses:

See also

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References

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  1. ^Eric J. Toone (2006).Advances in Enzymology and Related Areas of Molecular Biology, Protein Evolution(Volume 75 ed.). Wiley-Interscience.ISBN0471205036.
  2. ^Nicholas C. Price; Lewis Stevens (1999).Fundamentals of Enzymology: The Cell and Molecular Biology of Catalytic Proteins(Third ed.). USA: Oxford University Press.ISBN019850229X.
  3. ^Superfamilies of single-pass transmembrane oxidoreductasesinMembranome database
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