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Logan Square, Chicago

Coordinates:41°55.7′N87°42.4′W/ 41.9283°N 87.7067°W/41.9283; -87.7067
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Logan Square
Community area
Community Area 22 – Logan Square
Illinois Centennial Memorial in neighborhood namesake Logan Square
Illinois Centennial Memorial in neighborhood namesake Logan Square
Location within the city of Chicago
Location within the city of Chicago
Coordinates:41°55.7′N87°42.4′W/ 41.9283°N 87.7067°W/41.9283; -87.7067
CountryUnited States
StateIllinois
CountyCook
CityChicago
Neighborhoods
List
Area
• Total3.23 sq mi (8.37 km2)
Population
(2020)[1]
• Total71,665
• Density22,000/sq mi (8,600/km2)
Demographics(2020)[1]
•White51.6%
• Black4.5%
• Hispanic36.3%
• Asian4.2%
• Other3.3%
Time zoneUTC−6(CST)
• Summer (DST)UTC−5(CDT)
ZIP Codes
parts of 60614, 60618, 60622, 60639, 60647
Median household income(2020)$84,653[1]
Source: Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning (CMAP) July 2022 Release

Logan Squareis an official community area, historical neighborhood, andpublic squareon the northwest side of the City ofChicago.The Logan Square community area is one of the 77 city-designatedcommunity areasestablished for planning purposes. The Logan Square neighborhood, located within the Logan Square community area, is centered on the public square that serves as its namesake, located at the three-way intersection ofMilwaukee Avenue,Logan Boulevard andKedzie Boulevard.

The community area of Logan Square is, in general, bounded by theMetra/Milwaukee District North Line railroadon the west, the North Branch of theChicago Riveron the east,Diversey Parkwayon the north, andthe 606(also known as the Bloomingdale Trail) on the south.[2]The area is characterized by the prominent historicalboulevards,statelygreystonesand largebungalow-style homes.

History[edit]

Logan Square circa 1909

Name and Centennial Monument[edit]

Logan Square is named forGeneral John A. Logan,an American soldier and political leader. The square itself is a large public green space (designed by architectWilliam Le Baron Jenney,landscape architectJens Jensenand others) formed as the grand northwest terminus of theChicago Boulevard Systemand the junction of Kedzie and Logan Boulevards and Milwaukee Avenue. At the center of the square is theIllinois Centennial Monument,built in 1918 to commemorate the 100th anniversary ofIllinois' statehood (geographic coordinates as shown above for this article). The monument, designed byHenry Bacon,famed architect of theLincoln MemorialinWashington, D.C.and sculpted byEvelyn Beatrice Longman,is a single 70-foot (25-meter) tall"Tennessee-pink" marbleDoriccolumn,based upon the same proportions as the columns of theParthenonin Ancient Greece, and topped by an eagle, in reference to thestate flagand symbol of the state and the nation.[3]The monument was funded by theBenjamin FergusonFund.[4]Reliefssurrounding the base depict allegorical figures ofNative Americans,explorers,Jesuitmissionaries, farmers, and laborers intended to represent Illinois contributions to the nation through transportation as a railroad crossroads for passengers and freight (represented by a train extending across the arm of one of the figures), education, commerce, grain and commodities, religion and exploration, along with the "pioneering spirit" during the state'sfirst century.

Development[edit]

Originally developed by early settlers like Martin Kimbell (of Kimball Avenue fame) in the 1830s, forming around the towns of "Jefferson," "Maplewood," and "Avondale', the vicinity was annexed into the city ofChicagoin 1889 and renamed Logan Square. Many of its early residents were English or Scandinavian origin, mostly Norwegians and Danes, along with both a significantPolishandJewishpopulation that followed. Milwaukee Avenue, which spans the community, is one of the oldest roads in the area and remains both a cultural and commercial artery. The road traces its origins prior to 1830 as a Native American trail and became known as "Northwest Plank Road" when it was constructed with wooden boards in 1849. In 1892, a streetcar line was extended along Milwaukee Avenue and, in 1895, the electrifiedelevated rail line(today'sBlue Line) was built alongside the road up to Logan Square itself, stimulating a new building boom. Milwaukee Avenue was finally paved in 1911 to accommodate motor cars. A baseball stadium at the corner of Milwaukee and Diversey hosted the Logan Square Baseball Club, which defeated both theChicago CubsandWhite Sox,who had just played each other in the crosstown1906 World Series.[5]

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1930114,174—
1940110,010−3.6%
1950106,763−3.0%
196094,799−11.2%
197088,462−6.7%
198084,768−4.2%
199082,605−2.6%
200082,6850.1%
201073,595−11.0%
202071,665−2.6%
[6]

Present[edit]

Today, the neighborhood is home to a diverse population including an establishedLatinocommunity (primarily Mexican and Puerto Rican, with some Cuban), a number of ethnicities fromEastern Europe(mostly Poles), and a growing number ofMillennials,due togentrification.[7][8]Additionally, the increase in housing costs in nearbyWicker Park,Lincoln Park, and the other Lakefront communities has led to many of Chicago's aspiring artists and restaurateurs to call Logan Square home. By 2000, gentrification had taken hold in Logan Square itself.[9]Residents are attracted to the community for its beautiful park-like boulevards, part of Chicago's 26-mileChicago park and boulevard system.Known as the "Logan Square Boulevards District", the area was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985 and became a protected Chicago Landmark in 2005. Additional development includes the partnerships between residents and the city to support the Comfort Station at Logan Square, new and renewed parks (See Palmer Square Park, below), theBloomingdale Trail(an elevated "rails to trails" project), Logan Plaza, and sensitive developments (e.g. The Green Exchange and Chicago Printed String Building), along with the preservation of numerous historic buildings (historic commercial, industrial and residential structures) and several other important sustainable and green projects.

Churches[edit]

Norwegian Lutheran Memorial Church, 1993

Logan Square has many churches along its boulevards includingMinnekirken,the historic Norwegian Lutheran Memorial Church located on the public square, and a meeting house ofthe Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saintsone block west. Just south of the square on Kedzie Avenue, Armitage Baptist Church is located in the former Masonic Temple, and to the east of the square on Logan Boulevard are the Episcopal Church of the Advent, a new Seventh-day Adventist Church and St. John Berchmans Catholic Church.

St. Luke's Lutheran Church of Logan Square, previously located just north of Logan Boulevard on Francisco Ave., sold their historic building in 2015 to New Community Covenant Church. St. Luke's now meets in the same building as Grace Methodist Church. Bucktown has three of the city's most notedPolish Cathedrals– the former All Saints Cathedral, St. Hedwig's in Chicago, andSt. Mary of the Angels.On Fullerton just east of Milwaukee is a Christian Science church offering services in Spanish. On Ridgeway, just north of Fullerton, is Our Lady of Grace Catholic Church and School.

Palmer Square, a large rectangular-shaped historic public space and park which is also part of the Logan Square community, is home to St. Sylvester Catholic Church and School and theSerbian Orthodox Churchof the Holy Resurrection. Also, Grace Methodist Church stands at the corner of Kimball and Wrightwood Avenues, as does a Spanish Pentecostal church, across the street.

Kimball Avenue Church,[10]whose 103-year-old building once stood at the corner of Kimball and Medill Avenues, continues to meet in Logan Square and has rehabilitated the land on which the church once stood into a corner garden. In 2015 the church began raising funds to use a portion of the land as the future site of a prayer labyrinth.

Neighborhoods[edit]

Belmont Gardens[edit]

Belmont Gardens spans the Chicago Community Areas of Logan Square andAvondalelike neighboring Kosciuszko Park, located within its northwest portion, where thePulaskiIndustrial Corridor abuts these residential areas. The boundaries of Belmont Gardens are generally held to be Pulaski Road to the East, theUnion Pacific/Northwestrail line to the West,Belmont Avenueto the North, andFullerton Avenueto the South.

Most of the land between Fullerton Avenue and Diversey Avenue as well as Kimball to theUnion Pacific/Northwestrail line was empty as late as the 1880s, mostly consisting of the rural "truck farms" that peppered much ofJefferson Township.This began to change with the annexation of this rustic hinterland to the city in 1889 in anticipation of theWorld's Columbian Expositionthat would focus the country's eyes on Chicago just a few years later in 1893.

Belmont Gardens' first urban development began thanks to Homer Pennock, who founded the industrial village of Pennock, Illinois. Centered on Wrightwood Avenue, which was originally laid out as "Pennock Boulevard", the area was planned to be a hefty industrial and residential district. The development was so renowned that the village was highlighted in a "History of Cook County, Illinois" authored by Weston Arthur Goodspee and Daniel David Healy.[11]Thwarted by circumstances as well as the decline of Homer Pennock's fortune, this district declined to the point that theChicago Tribunewrote about the neighborhood in an article titled "A Deserted Village in Chicago"[12]in 1903. The original name of theHealy Metra Stationwas originally named after this now lost settlement.

While Homer Pennock'sindustrial suburbfailed, Chicago's rapid expansion transformed the area's farms into clusters of factories and homes. At the turn of the 20th century as settlement was booming, Belmont Gardens and Avondale were at the northwestern edge of theMilwaukee AvenuePolish Corridor- a contiguous stretch of Polish settlement which spanned this thoroughfare all the way from the southern tip ofWicker Park'sPolonia Triangleat the intersection ofMilwaukee, Division Street and Ashland Avenue,north toIrving Park Road.

Belmont gardens offered more than just a less congested setting for its new residents. Due to its proximity to rail along theChicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad,the area developed a plethora ofindustrythat still survives in the city's Pulaski Industrial Corridor. It was adjacent to his own factory that Mr. Walter E. Olson built what theChicago Tribuneput at the top of its list of the "Seven Lost Wonders of Chicago",[13]

TheOlson Park and Waterfall Complex,a 22-acre garden and waterfall remembered by Chicagoans citywide as the place they fondly reminisce heading out to for family trips on the weekend. The ambitious project took 200 workers more than six months to fashion it out of 800 tons of stone and 800 yards of soil.

Latinosettlement in the neighborhood began in the 1980s. Today the area still retains itsblue collarfeel as much of surrounding Logan Square and Avondale undergo increased gentrification.

Bucktown[edit]

St. Mary of the Angelsis one of the three "Polish Cathedrals"located in Bucktown.

Bucktown is a neighborhood located in the east of the Logan Square community area in Chicago, directly north ofWicker Park,and northwest of theLoop.Bucktown gets its name from the large number ofgoatsraised in the neighborhood during the 19th century when it was an integral part of the city's famedPolish Downtown.The original Polish term for the neighborhood wasKozie Prery(GoatPrairie). Its boundaries are Fullerton Avenue to the north, Western Avenue to the west, Bloomingdale or North Avenue[14][15]to the south, and the Kennedy Expressway to the east. Bucktown's original boundaries were Fullerton Avenue, Damen Avenue (formerly Robey Street), Armitage Avenue and Western Avenue.

Bucktown is primarily residential, with a mix of older single family homes, new builds with edgy architecture, and converted industrial loft spaces.Horween Leather Companyhas been on NorthElston Avenuein Bucktown since 1920.[16]The neighborhood's origins are rooted in the Polish working class, which first began to settle in the area in the 1830s.[17]A large influx ofGermansbegan in 1848 and in 1854 led to the establishment of the town ofHolstein,which was eventually annexed into Chicago in 1863. In the 1890s and 1900s, immigration from Poland, the annexation ofJefferson Townshipinto Chicago and the completion of the Logan Square Branch of the Metropolitan Elevated Lines contributed to the rapid increase in Bucktown's population density. Three of the city's most opulent churches designed in the so-called "Polish Cathedral style"-St. Hedwig's,the formerCathedral of All SaintsandSt. Mary of the Angels- date from this era.

The early Polish settlers had originally designated many of Bucktown's streets with names significant to their people – Kosciusko, Sobieski, Pulaski and Leipzig (after theBattle of Leipzig).Chicago's City Council,prompted by a Bucktown-based German contingent with political clout, changed these Polish-sounding names in 1895 and 1913. In its place the new names for these thoroughfares bore a distinctTeutonichue – Hamburg, Frankfort, Berlin and Holstein.Anti-German sentiment during World War Ibrought about another name-change that left today's very Anglo-Saxon sounding names: McLean, Shakespeare, Charleston, and Palmer.[17]

Polish immigration into the area accelerated during and afterWorld War IIwhen as many as 150,000 Poles are estimated to have arrived inPolish Downtownbetween 1939 and 1959 asDisplaced Persons.[18]Like the Ukrainians in nearbyUkrainian Village,they clustered in established ethnic enclaves like this one that offered shops, restaurants, and banks where people spoke their language. Milwaukee Avenue was the anchor of the city's "Polish Corridor", a contiguous area of Polish settlement that extended fromPolonia TriangletoAvondale's Polish Village.Additional population influxes into the area at this time includedEuropean JewsandBelarusians.

Latinomigration to the area began in the 1960s with the arrival ofCuban,Puerto Rican,and laterMexicanimmigrants. Puerto Ricans in particular concentrated in the areas along Damen and Milwaukee Avenues through the 1980s after being displaced by the gentrification ofLincoln Parkthat started in the 1960s. The local Puerto Rican community lent heavy support for theYoung Lordsand other groups that participated inHarold Washington's victorious mayoral campaign. In the last quarter of the 20th century, a growing artists' community led directly to widespreadgentrification,which brought in a large population ofyoung professionals.In recent years, many trendy taverns and restaurants have opened in the neighborhood. There also have been a considerable number of "teardowns" of older housing stock, often followed by the construction of larger, upscale residential buildings.

Bucktown has a significant shopping district on Damen Avenue, extending north from North Avenue (in Wicker Park) to Webster Avenue. The neighborhood is readily accessible via theBlue Lineand has multiple access points to the elevatedBloomingdale Trail,also known as the 606.

Kosciuszko Park[edit]

This article is about the neighborhood. For the park, seeKosciuszko Park (Chicago).
Kosciuszko Park is located by the intersection ofDiverseyand Pulaski.

Kosciuszko Park (correctly pronounced "Ko-shchoosh-coe" in Polish) spans the Chicago Community Areas of Logan Square and Avondale like neighboring Belmont Gardens, located within its northwest portion, where the Pulaski Industrial Corridor abuts these residential areas. Colloquially known by locals as "Koz Park", or even the "Land of Koz",[19]the area is a prime example of a local identity born thanks to the green spaces created by Chicago's civic leaders of theProgressive Era.

The boundaries of Kosciuszko Park are generally held to beCentral Park Avenueto the East, Pulaski Road to the West, George Street to the North, andAltgeldto the South.

Kosciuszko Park and Avondale were at the Northwestern edge of the Milwaukee Avenue "Polish Corridor" —a contiguous stretch of Polish settlement which spanned this thoroughfare all the way fromPolonia Triangleat Milwaukee, Division and Ashland toIrving Park Road.

Adjacent to Kosciuszko Park's border with Avondale proper near the intersection of George Street and Lawndale Avenue isSt. Hyacinth Basilica,which began in 1894 as a refuge for locals to tend to their spiritual needs. A shrine, St. Hyacinth's features relics associated withPope John Paul II,as well as aniconwith an ornate jeweled crown that was blessed by the late pontiff. Other institutions further enriched the institutional fabric of thePolish communityin the area. In 1897, the Polish Franciscan Sisters began building an expansive complex on Schubert and Hamlin Avenues with the construction ofSt. Joseph Home for the Aged and Crippled,a structure that would also serve as the motherhouse for the order. When it opened in 1898, it became the city's first and oldest Catholic nursing home. One of the industries the nuns took upon themselves to support these charitable activities was a church vestment workshop which opened in 1909 on the second floor. Many of these Polish nuns were expert seamstresses, having learned these skills in theOld World.In 1928 the Franciscan Sisters further expanded the complex by building a newSt. Joseph Home of Chicago,a structure that stood until recently at 2650 North Ridgeway. Designed by the distinguished firm of Slupkowski and Piontek who built many of the most prestigious commissions inChicago's Polish communitysuch as theArt Decoheadquarters of thePolish National Alliance,the brick structure was an imposing edifice. One of the building's highlights was a lovely chapel with a masterfully craftedaltarthat was dedicated to theBlack Madonna.The entire complex was sold to a developer who subsequently razed the entire complex, while the new "St. Joseph Village" opened in 2005 on the site of the formerMadonna High Schooland now operates at 4021 W. Belmont Avenue. The park later became home to one of the two firstPolish languageSaturday schools in Chicago. While the school has since moved out of their small quarters at the park fieldhouse, theTadeusz Kościuszko School of Polish Languagecontinues to educate over 1,000 students to the present day, reminding all of its origins in Kosciuszko Park with its name.

It was the park ofKosciuszko Parkhowever that wove together the disparate subdivisions and people into one community. Dedicated in 1916, Kosciuszko Park owes its name to the Polish patriotTadeusz Kosciuszko.Best known as the designer and builder ofWest Point,Kosciuszko fought in theAmerican Revolutionand was awarded with U.S. citizenship and the rank of brigadier general as a reward. Kosciuszko was one of the original parks of the Northwest Park District which was established in 1911. One of the ambitious goals of the Northwest Park District that was in keeping with the spirit of theProgressive Movementpopular at the time was to provide one park for each of the ten square miles under its jurisdiction. Beginning in 1914, the district began to purchase land for what would eventually become Mozart, Kelyvn, and Kosciuszko Parks, and improvement on these three sites began almost immediately. For Kosciuszko, noted architectAlbert A. Schwartzdesigned aTudor revival-style fieldhouse, expanded in 1936 to include an assembly hall, just two years after the 22 separate park districts were consolidated into theChicago Park District.The park complex expanded during the 1980s with the addition of a new natatorium at the corner of Diversey and Avers.

The green space afforded by the park quickly became the backdrop for community gatherings. Residents utilized the grounds atKosciuszko Parkforbonfires,festivals and neighborhood celebrations, and for a time, even an ice skating rink that would be set up every winter. Summertime brought the opportunity for outdoor festivities, peppered with sports and amateur shows featuring softball games, social dancing, a music appreciation hour, and the occasional visit by the city's "mobile zoo".

Today "The Land of Koz" is a diverse neighborhood, and becoming even more so as gentrification advances further northwest. New people are entering Kosciuszko Park and joining earlier residents whose roots trace back toLatin Americaand Poland. Yet the park that lent the neighborhood its name still serves its residents, where through play, performance, and even the occasional outdoor film screening it functions as the venue where the community can come together.

Logan Square[edit]

Logan Square is a neighborhood located in the north-central portion of the Logan Square community area in Chicago. The neighborhood boundaries of Logan Square were originally held to beKimball Avenueon the west, California Avenue to the east,Diversey Parkwayon the north, andFullerton Avenueto the south. However, as memory of the village and later neighborhood ofMaplewoodhas receded, the boundaries have grown beyond these streets, with eastern boundary has now shifted to the North Branch of theChicago Riverand the northern border pastDiversey Avenue.

The area is characterized by the prominent historicalboulevardsand largebungalow-style homes. At one time, Logan Square boasted a largeNorwegian-Americanpopulation, centered along the historic boulevards. With relatively inexpensive housing and rent available, this neighborhood was a favorite for immigrants and working-class citizens. Logan Square was the site of theNorwegian-Americancultural center,Chicago Norske Klub.Many elaborate, stylish, and expensive houses and mansions line historic Logan and Kedzie Boulevards where the club was once situated.Norwegian Lutheran Memorial Church(Norwegian:Den Norske Lutherske Minnekirke), also known as Minnekirken, is also located on Kedzie Boulevard in Logan Square.[20]

Palmer Square[edit]

Palmer Square Park

The Palmer Square neighborhood of Chicago is apocket neighborhoodlocated within the Logan Square community, directly west ofBucktown,north ofHumboldt Park,and northwest ofWicker Park.Although there is no clear consensus on this neighborhood's exact boundaries, the City of Chicago Neighborhoods Map shows that it is generally bound by Fullerton Avenue (2400 N) to the north, Armitage Avenue (2000 N) to the south, Kedzie Boulevard (3200 W) to the west, and Milwaukee Avenue to the east.[21]

The neighborhood takes it name from the 7.68-acre (31,100 m2) Palmer Square Park (pictured to the left) that sits near the western edge of the neighborhood and is the namesake ofJohn McAuley Palmer(1817–1900), a lawyer and Civil War General who served as the 15th Governor of Illinois, a United States Senator, and at age 79, was a candidate for President in 1896. Palmer was an avowedabolitionist,friend and supporter ofAbraham Lincoln,and, as the Military Governor ofKentuckyin 1865-1866, aggressively commanded Federal forces to root out the remnants of slavery in that state.[22]

As the bicycle craze swept Chicago beginning in the mid-1880s, the then-called Palmer Place oval became a popular track for bicycle-riding "wheelmen", also known as "scorchers", who competed with pedestrians and horse-drawn carriages.Ignaz Schwinn(1860–1948), founder of theSchwinn Bicycle Company,lived at the corner of W. Palmer St. and N. Humboldt Blvd.[23]The City of Chicago in 2005 received a matching grant from theIllinois Department of Natural Resourcesto develop a children's play space, walking trails, soft surface jogging trail, open lawn areas, lighting, seating, and landscaping in Palmer Square. After extensive community input and prolonged design and construction periods, theChicago Park District(CPD) finished construction of the park and opened it to the public in July 2009.

A series of live music performances in Palmer Square Park takes place each Sunday during the summer of 2021.[24]

Palmer Square's location places its residents within walking distance to a growing number of shops, coffee houses, bars, and restaurants, in particular, on the major streets which form the borders of the neighborhood. The heart of Palmer Square is mainly leafy residential streets. Easy access to thehighwaysand thepublic transportation systemalso makes it a popular neighborhood for commuters to theChicago Loopand for students who attend colleges nearby, such asDePaul University.The neighborhood has easy access to four entrances to theKennedy Expressway(routes I-90/94) and is served by theCaliforniaandWesternstations of theCTA'sBlue Linefor a quick ride to Chicago's downtown andO'Hare.TheCTA's bus routes94 California,56 Milwaukee,73 Armitage,and74 Fullertonalso run through this neighborhood.

Public libraries[edit]

TheChicago Public Libraryoperates one branch located in the Logan Square community area, the Logan Square Branch at 3030 W. Fullerton. Although the branch inKosciuszko Parkwas one of the systems most utilized branches, it was closed by the 1950s.

Cultural organizations[edit]

Congress Theateron Milwaukee Ave. (2008)

Logan Square has a number of diverse cultural centers, such as The Comfort Station, an art gallery and event space, and AnySquared Projects, a nonprofit art collective;[25]St. Hedwig's in Chicago,a strong cultural and civic institution for Chicago'sMultiethnicCatholicCommunity; theHairpin Arts Centeris managed by theLogan Square Chamber of Arts,located in nearby Avondale; as well asChicago's Polish Village.The Lincoln Lodge on Milwaukee Avenue presents live comedy most nights of the week.[26]Next door is the office ofIn These Times,an independent magazine founded in 1976 which focuses onsocial justice.[27]

Media organizations making their home in Logan Square include the Community TV Network—a youth media organization—and theChicago Independent Media Center.The neighborhood is covered by a number of neighborhood news blogs, including LoganSquarist.[28]

A comprehensive redevelopment of the historicCongress Theater,including its 4,900 seat hall, a 30-room hotel, restaurants, and 14 affordable apartments, was approved by theChicago City Councilin March, 2019.[29]On June 28, 2021, David Baum announced thatBaum Revisionhas taken over the project and is planning to redevelop the landmark theater as well as the surrounding apartments and retail space, using the already approved plan (although excluding the associated 72-unit apartment building).[30]On June 9, 2022, the project was approved by the City's Permit Review Committee; further approval by the full City Council is required before construction may begin. The budget is reported to be $70.4 million, including $9 million in historic tax credits and $20 million in Tax Increment Funding.[31]

Government and infrastructure[edit]

TheRoberto ClementePost Office is located in Logan Square.[32]

Logan Square is served by three stops on theCTA'sBlue Line:Western,California,andLogan Square.All three stations provide 24/7 service toO'Hare International Airport,downtown, andForest Park.

Education[edit]

Residents are zoned toChicago Public Schools.

TheRoman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicagoruns Our Lady of Grace School in Logan Square,[33]St. John Berchmans School on Logan Boulevard and St. Sylvester School onPalmer Square.

Politics[edit]

The Logan Square community area has supported theDemocratic Partyin the past two presidential elections. In the2016 presidential election,Logan Square cast 27,987 votes forHillary Clintonand cast 2,435 votes forDonald Trump(86.99% to 7.57%).[34]In the2012 presidential election,Logan Square cast 22,608 votes forBarack Obamaand cast 3,362 votes forMitt Romney(83.88% to 12.47%).[35]

Notable people[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^abc"Community Data Snapshot - Logan Square"(PDF).cmap.illinois.gov.MetroPulse.RetrievedSeptember 1,2022.
  2. ^Logan Squarechicago.gov
  3. ^Becker, Lynn (August 10, 2007)."Between the Boulevards: An architectural tour".Chicago Reader.RetrievedMarch 18,2009.
  4. ^Hermann, Andrew (August 9, 1991)."Public statues are lumberman's legacy to city".Chicago Sun-Times.Archived fromthe originalon July 25, 2011.RetrievedMarch 18,2009.
  5. ^"History of Logan Square".Pillars & Porticos.RetrievedJune 28,2023.
  6. ^Paral, Rob."Chicago Community Areas Historical Data".Archived fromthe originalon March 18, 2013.RetrievedAugust 30,2012.
  7. ^"The Demographic Statistical Atlas of the United States - Statistical Atlas".statisticalatlas.com.RetrievedJune 28,2023.
  8. ^"Longtime Latino Stronghold Logan Square is Now Majority White, New Data Show".December 10, 2020.
  9. ^bunten, devin michelle; Preis, Benjamin; Aron-Dine, Shifrah (May 26, 2023)."Re-Measuring Gentrification - Urban Studies".Urban Studies.doi:10.1177/00420980231173846.S2CID258955054..
  10. ^"Home | Kimball Avenue Church".kimballavenuechurch.org.RetrievedAugust 25,2015.
  11. ^"History of Cook County, Illinois"https://g.co/kgs/Ac8ui5
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  13. ^"Seven Lost Wonders of Chicago"https://www.chicagotribune.com/chi-0508290065aug29-story.html chicagotribune.com
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  15. ^"History – Bucktown Community Org".
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  17. ^ab"Northwest Chicago Historical Society - Bucktown".Nwchicagohistory.org.RetrievedAugust 15,2013.
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  19. ^Greene, Nick (March 7, 2014)."How Chicago's Neighborhoods Got Their Names".Mental Floss.
  20. ^Chicago Norske Klub(Norwegian-American Immigration Commission 1825–1925)
  21. ^City neighborhoods. Old map
  22. ^"John M. Palmer was Civil War leader, political legend".May 12, 2012.
  23. ^ab"Palmer (John McAuley) Square Park | Chicago Park District".www.chicagoparkdistrict.com.RetrievedJune 28,2023.
  24. ^"Front Porch Jazz Shows Helped Logan Square Neighbors Through 2020 Lockdown. Now, They're Weekly Concerts in Palmer Square Park".June 8, 2021.
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  26. ^"Calendar".
  27. ^"In These Times".In These Times.RetrievedJune 28,2023.
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  29. ^"Office of the City Clerk - Record #: SO2019-1050".
  30. ^"Long-Vacant Congress Theater Could Reopen in 2023 with New Developer on Board".June 29, 2021.
  31. ^"Landmarks approves Congress Theater redevelopment".June 14, 2022.
  32. ^"Post Office™ Location – ROBERTO CLEMENTEArchivedJuly 10, 2010, at theWayback Machine".United States Postal Service.Retrieved on January 23, 2011.
  33. ^"About OLGArchivedJanuary 25, 2011, at theWayback Machine".Our Lady of Grace School. Retrieved on April 14, 2011.
  34. ^Ali, Tanveer (November 9, 2016)."How Every Chicago Neighborhood Voted In The 2016 Presidential Election".DNAInfo.Archived fromthe originalon September 24, 2019.RetrievedOctober 4,2019.
  35. ^Ali, Tanveer (November 9, 2012)."How Every Chicago Neighborhood Voted In The 2012 Presidential Election".DNAInfo.Archived fromthe originalon February 3, 2019.RetrievedOctober 4,2019.
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  37. ^United States Census Records Found via Heritage Quest Online. Use last name Chilovsky to find.
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  46. ^"William A. Redmond Memoir".Illinois Legislative Research Unit. 1982.RetrievedJuly 11,2016.
  47. ^"Mike Royko Street Honor the Right Idea, Group Says".DNAinfo Chicago.Archived fromthe originalon August 29, 2019.RetrievedAugust 29,2019.
  48. ^Alessio, Carolyn (May 11, 1999)."A Poet with Heart and Edge".Chicago Tribune.RetrievedDecember 21,2018.

External links[edit]

Wikivoyage has a travel guide forLogan-Bucktown.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Logan_Square,_Chicago&oldid=1230520757#Palmer_Square"