Pamona language
| Pamona | |
|---|---|
| Bare’e | |
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | Sulawesi |
Native speakers | 140,000 (2000)[1] |
Austronesian
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | pmf |
| Glottolog | pamo1252 |
 | |
Pamona(alsoPosoorBare’e) is anAustronesianlanguage spoken inCentralandSouth Sulawesi,Indonesia.It is part of the northern group of theKaili–Pamonalanguages.
Dialects
[edit]Ethnologuelists the following as dialects: Laiwonu (Iba), Pamona (Poso), Rapangkaka (Aria), Taa (Topotaa,Wana), Tobau (Bare’e, Tobalo, Tobao), Tokondindi, Tomoni, and Topada.[2]
The Poso dialect is the prestige dialect, specifically the variety spoken in the interior aroundLake Poso.The coastal Poso variety (Poso Pesisir) – mostly spoken by Muslims in the trading hubPoso– does not differ significantly from the interior prestige variety (e.g. it uses the same negatorbare'eas the interior variety), but has undergone some lexical influence fromBugineseand the Parigi dialect ofKaili.[3][4]
Phonology
[edit]Pamona has the following sound inventory:[5]
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | ʔ | |
| voiced | b | d | ɟ | g | ||
| Prenasalized plosive |
voiceless | ᵐp | ⁿt | ᶮc | ᵑk | |
| voiced | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᶮɟ | ᵑg | ||
| Fricative | s | h | ||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Trill | r | |||||
| Approximant | ʋ | l | j | |||
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Close-Mid | e | o | |
| Open | a |
References
[edit]- ^PamonaatEthnologue(18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
- ^PamonaatEthnologue(18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
- ^Adriani (1931),p. 9.
- ^Mead, David (2012).Overview of Pamona dialects (per Nicolaus Adriani).Sulang Language Data and Working Papers: Survey Reports, no. 2. Sulawesi Language Alliance.
- ^Adriani (1931),p. 17.
Bibliography
[edit]- Adriani, Nicolaus(1931).Spraakkunst der Bare'e-Taal.Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, LXX. Bandung: A. C. Nix.
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