Paradan
Paradan | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 125–c.650 CE | |||||||||
![Core territory and possible maximum extent of Paradan.[1]](/translate/en.wikipedia.org?u=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3AMap_of_Paradan.png&t=hv) Core territory and possible maximum extent of Paradan.[1] | |||||||||
| Historical era | Antiquity | ||||||||
• Established | 125 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | c.650 CE | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | Afghanistan Pakistan | ||||||||
ParadanorParatanwas a province of theParatarajasand theSasanian Empire.It was constituted from the present-dayBalochistanregion, which is divided betweenIran,PakistanandAfghanistan.
Paratarajas
[edit]
Evidence from coins shows that it was located in what is now north-eastern Balochistan, centered around the town ofLoralai(now inPakistan), further east than traditionally thought.[2]Thus it was located roughly where the map places the province ofTuran.[1]Paradan has been associated with the territory of the historicalParatarajas(125-300 CE).[3]
Sasanian Empire
[edit]The province of Paradan is mentioned inShapur I's inscription at the Ka'ba-ye Zartoshtof 262 CE, one of the many provinces of theSasanian Empire:[4][5]
"And I (Shapur I) possess the lands: FarsPersis,Pahlav (Parthia) (......) and all of Abarshahr (all the upper (eastern, Parthian) provinces), Kerman (Kirman),Sakastan,Turgistan,Makuran,Pardan (Paradene), Hind (Sind) andKushanshahrall the way to Pashkibur (Peshawar?) and to the borders ofKashgaria,Sogdiaand Chach (Tashkent) and of that sea-coast Mazonshahr (Oman). "
— Shapur I's inscription at the Ka'ba-ye Zartosht(262 CE), translation byJosef Wiesehöfer(1996).[6][7][8]
Traditionally, Paradan was held to be further west, in the area of western Balochitan.[1]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^abcTandon, Pankaj (2012)."The Location and Kings of Paradan".Studia Iranica.41:46.
- ^Tandon 2012
- ^Tandon 2012
- ^Gardner 2014,p. 57.
- ^Tandon (2012)."The Location And Kings Of Paradan".Studia Iranica(41): 28.
- ^The complete paragraph goes:
"And I [Shapur I] possess the lands: Fars [Persis], Pahlav [Parthia], Huzestan [Khuzistan], Meshan [Maishan, Mesene], Asorestan [Mesopotamia], Nod-Ardakhshiragan [Adiabene], Arbayestan [Arabia], Adurbadagan [Atropatene], Armen [Armenia], Virozan [Iberia], Segan [Machelonia], Arran [Albania], Balasagan up to the Caucasus and to the ‘gate of the Alans’ and all of Padishkhvar[gar] [the entire Elburz chain = Tabaristan and Gelan (?)], Mad [Media], Gurgan [Hyrcania], Marv [Margiana], Harey [Aria], and all of Abarshahr [all the upper (= eastern, Parthian) provinces], Kerman [Kirman], Sakastan, Turgistan, Makuran, Pardan [Paradene], Hind [Sind] and Kushanshahr all the way to Pashkibur [Peshawar?] and to the borders of Kashgaria, Sogdia and Chach [Tashkent] and of that sea-coast Mazonshahr [‘Oman’]."
inWiesehöfer, Josef(1996).Ancient Persia: from 550 BC to 650 AD.London: I.B. Tauris. p. 184.ISBN978-1860646751. - ^For a secondary source seeKia, Mehrdad (27 June 2016).The Persian Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]: A Historical Encyclopedia.ABC-CLIO. p. 67.ISBN978-1-61069-391-2.
- ^For another referenced translation, visible online, see:Frye, Richard Nelson (1984).The History of Ancient Iran.C.H.Beck. p. 371.ISBN978-3-406-09397-5.
Sources
[edit]- Brunner, Christopher (1983)."Geographical and Administrative divisions: Settlements and Economy".The Cambridge History of Iran: The Seleucid, Parthian, and Sasanian periods (2).Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 747–778.ISBN978-0-521-24693-4.
- Tandon, Pankaj. 2012. "The Location and Kings of Paradan"Studia Iranica,41 pp 25-56.http://people.bu.edu/ptandon/Paradan.pdf
Provinces of theSasanian Empire | ||
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