Parotid duct

Parotid duct
Parotid duct
	Right parotid gland. Deep and anterior aspects. (Parotid duct labeled at center left.)
	Dissection, showing salivary glands of right side. (Parotid duct visible at center.)
Details
Identifiers
Latin	ductus parotideus
TA98	A05.1.02.007
TA2	2805
FMA	10420
	Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]

Theparotid ductorStensen ductis a salivary duct. It is the route thatsalivatakes from the majorsalivary gland,theparotid gland,into themouth.^[1]It opens into the mouth opposite thesecond upper molar tooth.

Structure

The parotid duct is formed when several interlobular ducts, the largest ducts inside theparotid gland,join. It emerges from the parotid gland. It runs forward along thelateralside of themasseter musclefor around 7 cm.^[2]In this course, the duct is surrounded by thebuccal fat pad.^[2]^[3]It takes a steep turn at the border of the masseter and passes through thebuccinator muscle,opening into thevestibule of the mouth,the region of the mouth between thecheekand thegums,at the parotid papilla, which lies across the second maxillary (upper)molar tooth.^[4]The exit of the parotid ducts can be felt as small bumps (papillae) on both sides of the mouth that usually positioned next to themaxillary second molar.^{[citation needed]}

The buccinator acts as a valve that prevents air forcing into the duct, which would causepneumoparotitis.^[5]

Relations

The parotid duct lies close to thebuccal branchof thefacial nerve(VII).^[2]It is also close to thetransverse facial artery.^[2]

Running along with the duct superiorly is thetransverse facial artery,and the upperbuccal nerve.The lower buccal nerve runs inferiorly along the duct.^{[citation needed]}

Clinical significance

Blockage, whether caused bysalivary duct stonesor external compression, may cause pain and swelling of theparotid gland(parotitis).

Koplik's spotswhich are pathognomonic ofmeaslesare found near the opening of the parotid duct.

The parotid duct may be cannulated by inserting a tube through the internal orifice in themouth.^[2]Dye may be injected to allow for imaging of the parotid duct.^[2]

History

The parotid duct is named afterNicolas Steno(1638–1686), also known asNiels Stensen,aDanish anatomist(albeit best known as ageologist) credited with its detailed description in 1660.^[6]This is where the alternative name "Stensen duct" originates from.^[2]^[6]

Additional images

Outline of side of face, showing chief surface markings.
Microscopic slide of a human interlobular duct.
Microscopic slide of a human striated duct.
The left papilla (soft tissue protuberance at the exit) of the parotid duct is clearly visible on the cheek in the right of the photo.
Parotid duct
Parotid duct
Parotid duct

References

^Nanci A (2013).Ten Cate's Oral Histology: Development, Structure, and Function.Elsevier. p. 255.ISBN 978-0-323-07846-7.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^gSteinberg, Mark J.; Herréra, Andres F. (2005-02-01)."Management of parotid duct injuries".Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology.99(2): 136–141.doi:10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.05.001.ISSN 1079-2104.PMID 15660081.
^Latarjet M, Ruiz Liard A (2005).Human Anatomy(Spanish ed.). Editorial Médica Panamericana.ISBN 978-950-06-1368-2.
^Bath-Balogh M, Fehrenbach MJ (2011).Illustrated Dental Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy, Bath-Balogh and Fehrenbach.Elsevier. p. 135.ISBN 978-1-4377-1730-3.
^Faizal B, Chandran MP (2012)."Pneumoparotitis"(PDF).Amrita Journal of Medicine.8(2): 1–44. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2015-12-11.
^^a ^bNatale G, Bocci G, Ribatti D (September 2017)."Scholars and scientists in the history of the lymphatic system".Journal of Anatomy.231(3): 417–429.doi:10.1111/joa.12644.PMC5554832.PMID 28614587.

External links

Diagram at MSU
ent/178ateMedicine- Parotid duct injuries
doctor/2052atWho Named It?

[1] Nanci A (2013).Ten Cate's Oral Histology: Development, Structure, and Function.Elsevier. p. 255.ISBN 978-0-323-07846-7.

[:0-2] ^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^gSteinberg, Mark J.; Herréra, Andres F. (2005-02-01)."Management of parotid duct injuries".Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology.99(2): 136–141.doi:10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.05.001.ISSN 1079-2104.PMID 15660081.

[LATARJET-3] Latarjet M, Ruiz Liard A (2005).Human Anatomy(Spanish ed.). Editorial Médica Panamericana.ISBN 978-950-06-1368-2.

[4] Bath-Balogh M, Fehrenbach MJ (2011).Illustrated Dental Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy, Bath-Balogh and Fehrenbach.Elsevier. p. 135.ISBN 978-1-4377-1730-3.

[5] Faizal B, Chandran MP (2012)."Pneumoparotitis"(PDF).Amrita Journal of Medicine.8(2): 1–44. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2015-12-11.

[:1-6] Natale G, Bocci G, Ribatti D (September 2017)."Scholars and scientists in the history of the lymphatic system".Journal of Anatomy.231(3): 417–429.doi:10.1111/joa.12644.PMC5554832.PMID 28614587.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

v t e Anatomy of themouth
Lip	Vermilion border Cupid's bow Frenulum of lower lip Labial commissure of mouth Philtrum White roll
Cheek	Buccal fat pad
Palate	Hard palate Soft palate Palatine raphe Incisive papilla
Gums	Interdental papilla Gingival sulcus Gingival margin Gingival fibers Junctional epithelium Mucogingival junction Sulcular epithelium Stippling Periodontium Cementum Philtrum Gingiva Periodontal ligament
Glands	Parotid gland duct Submandibular gland duct Sublingual gland duct Tubarial salivary gland
Teeth	seetooth anatomy
Tongue	Top Taste bud Median sulcus Terminal sulcus Foramen cecum Lingual tonsils Underside Frenulum Fimbriated fold Sublingual caruncle Glossoepiglottic folds Lingual septum
Back of mouth	Oropharynx fauces Plica semilunaris of the fauces Uvula Palatoglossal arch Palatopharyngeal arch Tonsillar fossa Palatine tonsil