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Parus

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Parus
Great titParus major
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Paridae
Genus: Parus
Linnaeus,1758
Type species
Parus major(great tit)
Species

See text

Distribution of the species in the genusParus.Parus bokharensisis now treated as a subspecies ofP. major

Parusis a genus ofOld Worldbirdsin thetitfamily. It was formerly a large genus containing most of the 50 odd species in the family Paridae. The genus was split into several resurrected genera following the publication of a detailedmolecular phylogeneticanalysis in 2013.[1][2]The genus name,Parus,is theLatinword for "tit".

Taxonomy

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The genusParuswas introduced in 1758 by the Swedish naturalistCarl Linnaeusin thetenth editionof hisSystema Naturae.[3]The genus name isLatinfor "tit".[4]Of the 12 species included in the genus by Linnaeus, thetype specieswas designated as thegreat tit(Parus major) byGeorge Robert Grayin 1840.[5][6]

Species

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The genus now contains the following species:[2]

Image Scientific name Common Name Distribution
Parus major Great tit Europe
Parus minor Japanese tit Japan and the Russian Far East beyond the Amur River, including the Kuril Islands
Parus cinereus Cinereous tit West Asia across South Asia and into Southeast Asia.
Parus monticolus Green-backed tit Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Burma, Nepal, Pakistan, Taiwan and Vietnam.

Fossil record

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  • Parus robustus(Pliocene of Csarnota, Hungary)[7]
  • Parus parvulus(Pliocene of Csarnota, Hungary)[7]
  • Parus medius(Pliocene of Beremend, Hungary)[7]

References

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  1. ^Johansson, U.S.; Ekman, J.; Bowie, R.C.K.; Halvarsson, P.; Ohlson, J.I.; Price, T.D.; Ericson, P.G.P. (2013). "A complete multilocus species phylogeny of the tits and chickadees (Aves: Paridae)".Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.69(3): 852–860.Bibcode:2013MolPE..69..852J.doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.06.019.PMID23831453.
  2. ^abGill, Frank; Donsker, David (eds.)."Waxwings and their allies, tits & penduline tits".World Bird List Version 6.1.International Ornithologists' Union.Retrieved15 February2016.
  3. ^Linnaeus, Carl(1758).Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 189.
  4. ^Jobling, James A (2010).The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names.London: Christopher Helm. p.293.ISBN978-1-4081-2501-4.
  5. ^Gray, George Robert(1840).A List of the Genera of Birds: with an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus.London: R. and J.E. Taylor. p. 23.
  6. ^Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1986).Check-list of Birds of the World.Vol. 12. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 70.
  7. ^abcKessler, E. 2013. Neogene songbirds (Aves, Passeriformes) from Hungary. – Hantkeniana, Budapest, 2013, 8: 37-149.

Further reading

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  • Gill, Frank B.; Slikas, Beth &Sheldon, Frederick H.(2005): Phylogeny of titmice (Paridae): II. Species relationships based on sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene.Auk122:121–143.DOI:10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0121:POTPIS]2.0.CO;2HTML abstract