Patsey
Patsey | |
|---|---|
 sketch fromSolomon Northup's book The staking out and flogging of the girl named Patsey | |
| Born | c.1830 |
| Died | after 1863(aged 32–33) |
| Known for | Twelve Years a Slave |
Patsey(c.1830–after 1863) was an African American enslaved woman.Solomon Northupwrote about her in his bookTwelve Years a Slave,which is the source for most of the information known about her. There have been two adaptations of the book in film,Solomon Northup's Odysseyin 1984 and the better known12 Years a Slave,in 2013. In the latter Patsey was portrayed byLupita Nyong'o,who won theAcademy Award for Best Supporting Actressfor her performance.
Life
[edit]Patsey's mother was said to have been fromGuinea,enslaved and taken toCuba.She was then sold to a family named Buford in theSouthern United States.Patsey is believed to have been born around In 1830, when she was 13, she was sold toEdwin Eppsin Louisiana.[1]According to Northup, Edwin Epps had "repulsive and coarse" manners and did not have a sense "of kindness or of justice." When drunk, he would lash out at enslaved people with a whip, enjoying the sound of their screams.[2]
Epps leased theBayou Huffpowerplantation from Joseph B. Robert, his wife's uncle. In 1845, Epps moved Patsey and other enslaved people to his 300-acre plantation nearBunkieinAvoyelles Parish, Louisiana.[3]Solomon Northupand Patsey became friends on the Epps plantation. Known as the "queen of the fields", Patsey was often praised by her owner for her ability to pick large amounts of cotton, up to 500 pounds a day. Northup said that she was unlike the other slaves and had a spirit that was unwavering in its strength.[2][4]She had been "a joyous creature, a laughing, light-hearted girl"[5]who fervently dreamed of freedom.[6]
While an underage teen, she began to be raped by Epps.[3]HewhippedPatsey if she resisted his sexual demands, which left "scars of thousand stripes" on her back. His wife, Mary, was jealous of Patsey and "nothing delighted the mistress so much as to see her suffer," according to Northup.[2]She physically abused Patsey and demanded that Epps sell Patsey, which he would not do.[3]Mary tried to bribe other workers and slaves to kill Patsey and dump her body in the swamps, but no one would. Even though Patsey was a highly productive slave and a favorite of Epps, she endured abuse by a "licentious master and a jealous mistress".[3]
On one occasion, she had gone to a neighboring plantation for a bar ofsoap.When Epps found out she had left his plantation, he had four stakes hammered into the ground and ordered her hands and feet to be tied to them, she was stripped naked and Northup was then ordered to whip her. Epps then took the whip himself until she was "literally flayed" from over 50 lashes. Salt water was then poured over her wounds. She nearly died. Northup and Patsey were severelytraumatizeddue to all the abuse that she endured.[7]After this brutal whipping, she lost her light-hearted manner, the sparkle in her eyes, and the ease of her laughter.[2]She often wished that she would die.[5]
Northup knew Patsey for almost a decade. As he was about to leave the Epps plantation in 1853, he said that:
Patsey ran from behind a cabin and threw her arms about my neck. 'Oh! Platt [the name given to Northup by his kidnappers],' she cried, tears streaming down her face, 'you're goin' to be free—you're goin' way off yonder where we'll neber see ye any more. You've saved me a good many whipping, Platt; I'm glad you're goin' to be free—but oh! de Lord, de Lord! what'll become of me?
Northup then boarded a carriage to freedom and he never saw her again.[8]In 1854, his bookTwelve Years a Slavewas published. Almost ten years after, during theAmerican Civil War,the110th New York Infantry Regimentcame to the plantation. They met Bob, one of the enslaved men mentioned in Northup's book, which several of the soldiers had read. Patsey left the plantation in May 1863 with the Union soldiers. Her life and fate thereafter is unknown. In 1850, she had a daughter named Mary White, who was born into slavery and in the Epps plantation. Mary was later sold down south and she had children of her own, sons Jacob White and George Dudley White and a daughter Sarah White, who told the family story to her children.[2][9][10]
Popular culture
[edit]The 2013 film12 Years a Slavewas nominated for nineAcademy Awardsand won theAcademy Award for Best Picture.[3]With renewed interest from the film, historians continue to research in hopes of pinpointing more specifically what happened to her.[11]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^Rosenberg, Alyssa (4 March 2014)."What Happened To Solmon Northup And Patsey After The Events Of '12 Years A Slave'?".Thinking Progress.Retrieved20 September2014.
- ^abcde"The Enduring Legacy of Patsey".The Journal of the Civil War Era.2017-03-21.Retrieved2021-06-24.
- ^abcdeCalautti, Katie (2 March 2014).""What'll Become of Me?" Finding the Real Patsey of 12 Years a Slave ".Vanity Fair.Condé Nast.Retrieved1 May2018.Writer Katie Calautti chronicled her search for what became of Patsey in a 2014Vanity Fairarticle.
- ^"12 Years a Slave: History vs Hollywood".History vs. Hollywood.2013.Retrieved20 September2014.
- ^abNorthup 1853,pp. 140–141.
- ^Northup 1853,p. 191.
- ^Sorkin, Amy Davidson (5 November 2013).""Jezebel" and Solomon: Why Patsey Is the Hero of "12 Years a Slave"".The New Yorker.Condé Nast.Retrieved20 September2014.
- ^abNorthup 1853.
- ^"Letters from Capt. Devendorf".Mexico Independent.18 June 1863. p. 3.Retrieved21 September2014– via NyS Historic Newspapers.
- ^Fiske, David (2012)."Seeking Patsey's Fate".Hike Ghost Towns.Retrieved21 September2014.
- ^Ball, Charing (25 October 2013).""12 Years A Slave," The Character Of Patsey, And Why I Wish Death To The Term "Negro Bed Wench"".MadameNoire.Retrieved20 September2014.
Bibliography
[edit]- Fiske, David; Brown, Clifford W.; Seligman, Rachel (2013).Solomon Northup: The Complete Story of the Author of Twelve Years a Slave.,a complete biography of Northup
- Northup, Solomon(1853).Twelve Years a Slave: Narrative of Solomon Northup, a citizen of New York, kidnapped in Washington city in 1841, and rescued in 1853, from a cotton plantation near the Red River in Louisiana.Derby & Miller. p. 362.ISBN978-1-84391-471-6.