Paul Oliver

For the 19th-century inventor, seePaul Ambrose Oliver.For the American football player, seePaul Oliver (American football).

Paul Oliver
Oliver atOxford Brookes University
Born	Paul Hereford Oliver (1927-05-25)25 May 1927 Nottingham,England
Died	15 August 2017(2017-08-15)(aged 90) Shipton-under-Wychwood,Oxfordshire, England
Nationality	British
Occupation(s)	Architectural historian, blues historian, graphic designer, teacher
Years active	c. 1950–2017

Paul Hereford OliverMBE(25 May 1927 – 15 August 2017) was anEnglisharchitectural historianand writer on thebluesand other forms ofAfrican-American music.He was equally distinguished in both fields, although it is likely that aficionados of one of his specialties were not aware of his expertise in the other.He wrote some of the first scholarly studies of blues music, and his commentary and research have been influential.

Early life and career

Oliver was born inNottingham,the son of architect W. Norman Oliver.In the late 1930s, his family lived in Pinner, in North London where he attended Longfield Primary School in Rayners Lane and then went toHarrow County School for Boysbetween 1938 and 1942.

He attended Harrow Art School, where he met his wife Valerie.He initially trained as a painter and sculptor,but because of allergies to some art materials concentrated ongraphic design.After a period in theWar Office,Oliver gained his Art Teacher's Diploma atGoldsmiths Collegeat theUniversity of London.He then taught art in two secondary schools, and was Head of Art atHarrow County School for Boysfrom 1949 to 1960.When there he formed a jazz club in which he played his blues records, and also playedmandolinin askifflegroup.

In the early 1950s, Oliver wrote toDecca Recordsto complain about the design of theirrecord sleeves,and was hired as an illustrator, his first work being seen on the 1954 albumBackwoods Blues.He designed many blues album sleeves in the 1950s, but was usually uncredited.After taking up the post of drawing master at London's Architectural Association School, he left in 1973 to lead the Art and Design department atDartington College of Arts.In 1978, he joined the architecture department at Oxford Polytechnic, which was renamed Oxford Brookes in 1992.

Work as architectural historian

Oliver started work as an artist at theArchitectural Associationin 1960, and after a few years began teaching thehistory of architecture.From the early 1960s, he studiedvernacular architecturetraditions around the world,particularly stimulated by a trip toGhanain 1964 to research appropriate housing for people displaced after the building of theAkosombo Dam.He argued that vernacular architecture will be necessary in the future to "ensure sustainability in both cultural and economic terms beyond the short term." He wrote many books onvernacular architecture,and was well known for his 1997 workEncyclopedia of Vernacular Architecture of the World.Spanning three volumes and 2500 pages, it includes contributions from researchers from 80 countries. In 2003, he was awarded theMBEfor services to architectural education.

He became a researcher at the Oxford Institute for Sustainable Development (Department of Architecture, Oxford Brookes University), and from 1978 to 1988 was Associate Head of the School of Architecture. He was an Honorary Fellow of theRoyal Institute of British Architects(1999)and was awarded an honorary doctorate by theUniversity of Gloucestershire(2007).

Blues historian

Oliver was a leading authority on the blues andgospel music,described in theNew York Timesas "a scrupulous researcher with a fluent writing style, [who] opened the eyes of readers in Britain and the United States to a musical form that had been overlooked and often belittled."He published his first article inJazz Journalin 1952. His first book on the blues, a biography ofBessie Smith,was published in 1959,followed byBlues Fell this Morning: The Meaning of the Bluesin 1960. The latter book was "one of the first efforts to examine closely the music's language and subject matter."

His studies of Americantraditional musicdid much to spread interest in the blues,and included early research into the influence ofIslamicmusic from North Africa onits origins.His work, which began in the 1950s, included interviews, field work and research in recording and printed sources tracing the origin and development of African-American music and culture from the time of slavery and before. Paul Oliver's Archive of African American Music is held atOxford Brookes UniversitySpecial Collections and Archive.

He made several trips to the US in the 1960s to interview and record blues musicians, financed by theState Departmentand theBBC.Many of his interviews were transcribed inConversation with the Blues(1965). In 1969 he publishedThe Story of the Blues,"the first comprehensive history of the genre", followed by several other books covering all aspects of blues music. His unfinished research withMack McCormickonTexas blueswas published in 2019 by Texas A&M University Press asThe Blues Come to Texas.

Personal life

He married Valerie Coxon in 1950. She died in 2002. They had no children.

Death

Oliver died atShipton-under-Wychwood,Oxfordshire, England, on 15 August 2017.

Selected bibliography

Architectural writings

• Shelter and Society.London:Barrie & Jenkins.1969.ISBN0-21466796-0.
• Dunroamin: The Suburban Semi and its Enemies.London:Barrie & Jenkins.9 November 1981. p. 31.ISBN978-0-09145930-7.(with Ian Davis and Ian Bentley)
• Dwellings: The House Across the World.Oxford:Phaidon.1987.ISBN0-7148-2443-7.
• Encyclopedia of Vernacular Architecture of the World.Cambridge University Press.1997.ISBN0-521-56422-0.
• Built to Meet Needs: Cultural Issues in Vernacular Architecture.Elsevier.2006.ISBN0-7506-6657-9.
• Atlas of Vernacular Architecture of the World.Routledge.2008.ISBN978-0-415-41151-6.(with Marcel Vellinga and Alexander Bridge)

Blues books

• Bessie Smith.London:Cassell.1959.
• Blues Fell This Morning: The Meaning Of The Blues.London: Cassell. 1960.ISBN3-85445-065-6.
  Revised edition:Blues Fell this Morning: Meaning In The Blues.Cambridge University Press. 1990.ISBN0-521-37793-5.
• Conversation with the Blues.London: Cassell. 1965.ISBN3-85445-065-6.
• Screening the Blues: Aspects of the Blues Tradition.London: Cassell. 1968.ISBN0-304-93137-3.
• The Story of the Blues.London: Barrie & Jenkins. 1969.ISBN3-85445-092-3.Selected tracks discussed in the book were issued on a CBS album of the same title.
• Savannah Syncopators: African Retentions in the Blues.London:Studio Vista.1970.ISBN0-289-79828-0.
• Songsters and Saints: Vocal Traditions on Race Records.Cambridge University Press. 1984.ISBN0-521-24827-2.
• Blues Off the Record: Thirty Years of Blues Commentary.Tunbridge Wells:Baton Press. 1984.ISBN0-306-80321-6.
• Broadcasting the Blues: Black Blues in the Segregation Era.New YorkandAbingdon-on-Thames:Routledge.2006.ISBN0-415-97177-2.
• Barrelhouse Blues: Location Recordings and the Early Traditions of the Blues.London:Basic Civitas.2009.ISBN978-0-465-00881-0.
• Govenar, Alan, ed. (2019).The Blues Come to Texas: Paul Oliver and Mack McCormick's Unfinished Book.College Station: Texas A&M University Press.ISBN978-1-62349-638-8.(with Mack McCormick)

External links

• Paul Oliver Archive of African American Music at Oxford Brookes University
• Paul Oliver Vernacular Architecture Library (POVAL) at Oxford Brookes University(2016 archive)
• The Paul Oliver 70th Birthday Tribute(Blues World website, 1997 archive)
• List of works by Paul Oliver