Pazar, Rize
Pazar
Laz:Atina | |
|---|---|
 | |
  Pazar Location in Turkey | |
| Coordinates:41°10′N40°53′E/ 41.167°N 40.883°E | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Rize |
| District | Pazar |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Neşet Çakır (CHP) |
| Elevation | 37 m (121 ft) |
| Population (2021)[1] | 17,946 |
| Time zone | UTC+3(TRT) |
| Area code | 0464 |
| Climate | Cfa |
| Website | pazar |
Pazar(LazandGeorgian:ათინა,Atina;Greek:Αθήνα,romanized:Athína) is a town inRize Provincein theBlack Searegion ofTurkey,37 km east of the city ofRize.It is the seat ofPazar District.[2]Its population is 17,946 (2021).[1]The town contains many inhabitants ofLazandGeorgian[citation needed]ancestries as well as otherpeoples.The town consists of the quarters Gazi,Kocaköprü,Ocak,Beyaztaş,Güzelyalı,Zafer,İkiztepe,Kirazlık,Cumhuriyet,Pazar,Soğuksuand Yukarı Soğuksu.[3]
Etymology
[edit]The town was formerly namedAtina(Αθήνα του Πόντου) and was renamed Pazar, meaning 'market', in 1928.[4]
Geography
[edit]The distance between Pazar district and Rize city center is 37 km. The distance can be completed with an average of 40 minutes of vehicle travel.[1]Pazar is a strip ofBlack Seacoast with high mountains running parallel to the coast inland. This coast has a mild climate with warm summers (22 °C in August) and cool winters (7 °C in January, it rarely snows on the coast), but very wet and humid, apart from the early summer (April–May–June) it rains heavily year round, with an average of 50 sunny days per year. The wind off theBlack Seais cold in autumn, warm and wet in summer.
With all this rainfall the area is very green, and even more water is brought to the area by the many streams bringing rainwater and snowmelt down from theBlack Seamountains, including thePazar Riveritself.
This is a hilly district and the main economic activity is tea growing, plus some fishing, trade and light industry (tea processing) in the town of Pazar. Tea was first planted here in 1944 and there are now three factories in Pazar for processing the crop. 65% of arable land in Pazar is used for growing tea. Before tea was planted, citrus fruits and apples were grown here but this has mostly ceased now, apart from trees in family gardens, where people grow vegetables and keep poultry. There are small areas of tobacco, corn, potatoes and beans.
Pazar has plenty of grazing land, including summer grazing in the high mountain pastures (yaylain Turkish) further up theFırtına River.At even higher altitudes efforts are being made to plant trees but it is hard to put roads through and manage a forest in these steep, high mountains.
Today Pazar is a market town, and the centre of the local tea trade. Fishing was once a major activity and Pazar still has a fleet of small fishing boats although this is in decline as the Black Sea becomes polluted and the traditionalanchovies,flathead mullet,red mulletand other species are all in decline.
Until tea was planted these districts at the far end of Turkey were all impoverished, losing generation after generation as migrant workers in Europe or Istanbul. Life is still a struggle and people still leave although now many return for the tea harvest in summer.
Local handicrafts include basket-weaving and the hand-woven linenRize bezi.As in much of rural Turkey, women traditionally cover their heads, partly out tradition, partly from practical necessity as they are outside in the wind and rain.
Climate
[edit]Pazar has anhumid subtropical climate(Köppen:Cfa). The climate in this area is characterized by mild temperatures and an abundance of precipitation, especially during fall.
| Climate data for Pazar (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 10.1 (50.2) |
10.3 (50.5) |
12.2 (54.0) |
15.4 (59.7) |
19.4 (66.9) |
23.5 (74.3) |
25.8 (78.4) |
26.6 (79.9) |
24.0 (75.2) |
20.3 (68.5) |
15.7 (60.3) |
12.3 (54.1) |
18.0 (64.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 6.1 (43.0) |
6.3 (43.3) |
8.2 (46.8) |
11.3 (52.3) |
15.6 (60.1) |
19.8 (67.6) |
22.3 (72.1) |
22.9 (73.2) |
19.8 (67.6) |
16.0 (60.8) |
11.1 (52.0) |
8.0 (46.4) |
14.0 (57.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 3.2 (37.8) |
3.2 (37.8) |
4.8 (40.6) |
7.8 (46.0) |
12.0 (53.6) |
16.1 (61.0) |
19.0 (66.2) |
19.7 (67.5) |
16.3 (61.3) |
12.7 (54.9) |
7.9 (46.2) |
5.0 (41.0) |
10.7 (51.3) |
| Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 176.36 (6.94) |
149.32 (5.88) |
128.73 (5.07) |
79.31 (3.12) |
83.37 (3.28) |
130.92 (5.15) |
145.65 (5.73) |
187.33 (7.38) |
261.26 (10.29) |
284.1 (11.19) |
251.19 (9.89) |
236.77 (9.32) |
2,114.31 (83.24) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) | 12.6 | 12.4 | 12.6 | 10.0 | 9.3 | 10.2 | 9.7 | 9.9 | 11.1 | 12.4 | 11.0 | 12.3 | 133.5 |
| Averagerelative humidity(%) | 71.1 | 70.8 | 71.3 | 73.3 | 76.1 | 76.7 | 78.0 | 78.6 | 77.6 | 77.9 | 72.7 | 70.6 | 74.5 |
| Source:NOAA[5] | |||||||||||||
History
[edit]The first recorded occupation is the trading colony Αθήνα established here by theAncient GreeksofMiletosin the 8th century BC. Along with the rest of what is nowRize Province,Athina then became part of theRoman Empireand its successors theByzantine Empireand theEmpire of Trebizonduntil it was brought into theOttoman EmpirebyMehmet IIin 1461, although this coast was always vulnerable to pirates and threats of invaders from across the nearbyCaucasus.Indeed, for two years during theFirst World WarAtina was occupied byRussia.
Places of interest
[edit]- The watch tower,Kız Kulesiis on the sea front in Pazar.
References
[edit]- ^ab"Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2021"(XLS)(in Turkish).TÜİK.Retrieved30 January2023.
- ^İlçe Belediyesi,Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
- ^Mahalle,Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
- ^Nişanyan, Sevan."Pazar".Nişanyan Yeradları.
- ^"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Pazar".National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.RetrievedJanuary 17,2024.
External links
[edit]- Pazar town's web site(in Turkish)
- Kalastas
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