Pematangsiantar
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Pematangsiantar | |
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City of Pematangsiantar Kota Pematangsiantar | |
Other transcription(s) | |
•Batak | ᯈᯩᯕᯖᯰᯙᯫᯁᯉ᯳ᯖᯓ᯳ |
![]() Pematangsiantar City Hall | |
Motto(s): ᯃᯬᯖ ᯈᯩᯕᯖᯰᯙᯫᯁᯉ᯳ᯖᯓ᯳ (Sapangambei Manoktok Hitei) | |
![]() Location withinNorth Sumatra | |
Coordinates:2°57′36″N99°3′36″E/ 2.96000°N 99.06000°E | |
Country | ![]() |
Province | ![]() |
Government | |
• Mayor | Susanti Dewayani |
• Vice Mayor | Vacant |
• Speaker of City Council | Timbul Marganda Lingga (PDI-P) |
• Deputy Speaker of City Council | Mangatas Maruli Tua Silalahi (Golkar) and Ronald Darwin Tampubolon (People's Conscience Party) |
Area | |
• Total | 79.971 km2(30.877 sq mi) |
Population (mid 2023 estimate) | |
• Total | 274,838 |
• Density | 3,400/km2(8,900/sq mi) |
[1] | |
Time zone | UTC+7(Indonesia Western Time) |
Area code | (+62) 622 |
Website | www |
Pematangsiantar(sometimes written asPematang Siantar,acronymPSorP. Siantar,colloquially justSiantar), and also known as theCity of Pematangsiantar,[2]is an independent city inNorth SumatraProvince ofIndonesia,surrounded by, but not part of, theSimalungun Regency,making Pematangsiantar anenclavewithin Simalungun Regency. Pematangsiantar formerly had the status of a second-level district (daerah tingkat dua) and was the administrative centre of the surrounding Regency, but in 1986 it was elevated toKota(City) and separated from the Regency.
Its population was 229,525 in the 2005 Intermediate Census, 234,698 in the 2010 Census[3]and 268,254 in the 2020 Census.[4]The official estimate as of mid-2023 was 274,838, making it the second-largest city in the province after the provincial capital ofMedan.[1]
Pematangsiantar is 128 km fromMedanand 50 km from the renownedLake Tobatourist centre ofParapatand is often a transit city for tourists who want to travel to Lake Toba andCentral Tapanuli Regency.As a city that supports tourism in the surrounding area, the city has 8 hotels, 10 budget hotels, and 268 restaurants. There are still many old (1950s) model English-manufacturedBirmingham Small Arms Company(BSA) motorcycles with a capacity of 500 cc used asAuto rickshawswhich are recognized by their distinctive loud sound.
The city received theAdipura Cupin 1993 for its cleanliness and environmental sustainability. In 1996, because of orderly traffic control, the city also won theWahana Tata NugrahaCup award. The industrial sector is the backbone of the city's economy, due to its central location in Simalungun Regency, and consists of medium to large industrial sites. Of the total economic activities in 2000, Pematangsiantar reached a GDP of Rp1.69 trillion, with the industrial market share making up 38.18% or Rp646 billion. The trade, hotel, and restaurant sectors followed in second place, with a contribution of 22.77% or Rp385 billion.
The motto of this city isSapangambei Manoktok Hiteiwhich comes from the Simalungun language which means working together to achieve a noble goal.
History
[edit]Before 1907, Pematangsiantar was a Kingdom led by theDamanik.Damanik is one of the clans of theSimalungunethnic group of theBatakpeople. The last independent king of the dynasty was Tuan Sangnawaluh Damanik. In 1907, the Dutch took control, turning Pematangsiantar into their colony. The city remained under Dutch control until 1942 when the Japanese invaded and ruled over Indonesia.
After Indonesia proclaimed its freedom in 1945, Pematangsiantar was granted autonomous status. In 1974, Pematangsiantar became a second-level district and was appointed as the capital ofSimalungun Regency.[5]
Siantar Kingdom
[edit]Before the Proclamation of Independence of the Republic of Indonesia, Pematangsiantar was a royal town. Pematangsiantar is domiciled inPulau Holing,and the last independent king of this dynasty was a descendant of theDamanikclan, namelyTuan Sang Nawaluh Damanikwho held power as king until 1907. Descendants of this king still hold ceremonial titles as 'Raja Siantar' which are recognized by the Simalungan people even today.
AroundPulau Holingthen developed into a village where residents lived including the villages ofSuhi Haluan, Siantar Bayu, Suhi Kahean, Pantoan, Suhi Bah Bosar,andTomuan.These areas later became the legal areas of Pematangsiantar City, namely:
- Pulau HolingbecomesKampung Pematang
- Siantar Bayubecomes the Siantar city center
- Suhi KaheanbecameKampung Sipinggol-pinggol, Kampung Melayu, Martoba, Sukadame,andBane.
- Suhi Bah Bosarbecame aKampung Kristen, Karo, Tomuan, Pantoan, TobaandMarimbang.
Dutch and Japanese Colonial Era
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Straatgezicht_met_het_Juliana_Hotel_Pematangsiantar_TMnr_10015092.jpg/220px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Straatgezicht_met_het_Juliana_Hotel_Pematangsiantar_TMnr_10015092.jpg)
North Sumatra was one of the last areas in Indonesia annexed by the Netherlands. After theDutchentered North Sumatra, the Simalungun area became the Dutch territory, and in 1907 the independent reign of the kings ended. The Dutch controller, who was originally based in Commerce, was transferred to Pematangsiantar in 1907. Since then Pematangsiantar has developed into an area visited by many newcomers,Chinese,andIndiancommunities inhabit theTimbang GalungandKampung Melayuarea, with ethnicJavanesecentered inTanah Jawa.
In 1910 the Pematangsiantar City Preparatory Agency was established. On July 1, 1917, based on Stad Blad No. 285, Pematangsiantar was designated as aGemeente(dutch-style administrative division) with its autonomy. After January 1939 changes to the structure of the Gemeente Council were made under Stad Blad No. 717.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Luchtfoto_van_Siantar_TMnr_10015093.jpg/220px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Luchtfoto_van_Siantar_TMnr_10015093.jpg)
The forces of Imperial Japan invaded and conquered the Dutch in Sumatra in 1942. In this Japanese era (1942-1945) the political structure was changed by the Japanese administration to Siantar State and the Council was abolished. Based on Law No. 22/1948, Gemente's status became the City of Simalungun Regency, and the Mayor of the city was concurrently the Regent of Simalungun. This arrangement continued after independence until 1957.
Independence and Contemporary Era
[edit]After the Proclamation of Indonesian independence, Pematangsiantar again became an Autonomous Region. Based on Law No.1/1957 it was designated a Full City Praja, and with the issuance of Law No.18/1965, the status was changed to that of a City. With the issuance of Law no. 5/1974 'Concerning the Principles of Regional Government' the status was changed to Pematangsiantar Level II Regional City. This is the current status of the city.
Based on Government Regulation No. 35 of 1981, Pematangsiantar Level II Regional City was divided into four administrative districts (kecamatan) consisting of 29 urban villages (kelurahan) with an area of 12.48 km2,as inaugurated by the Governor of North Sumatra on March 17, 1982. The number of districts in Pematangsiantar City is now eight districts consisting of a total of fifty-three urban villages (kelurahan).
Geography
[edit]Because it is located near the equator, Pematangsiantar has a tropical climate with an average daily maximum temperature of 30.3 Celsius and an average minimum temperature of 21.1 Celsius. The average humidity is 84 percent.
Climate
[edit]Pematangsiantar has atropical rainforest climate(Af) with heavy rainfall year-round. The temperatures are slightly moderated by the city's elevation.
Climate data for Pematangsiantar | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29.2 (84.6) |
29.7 (85.5) |
30.0 (86.0) |
30.0 (86.0) |
30.3 (86.5) |
30.2 (86.4) |
29.9 (85.8) |
29.7 (85.5) |
29.2 (84.6) |
28.9 (84.0) |
28.6 (83.5) |
28.8 (83.8) |
29.5 (85.2) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 24.3 (75.7) |
24.5 (76.1) |
24.8 (76.6) |
25.0 (77.0) |
25.3 (77.5) |
25.0 (77.0) |
24.7 (76.5) |
24.6 (76.3) |
24.5 (76.1) |
24.5 (76.1) |
24.2 (75.6) |
24.3 (75.7) |
24.6 (76.4) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 19.4 (66.9) |
19.4 (66.9) |
19.7 (67.5) |
20.1 (68.2) |
20.3 (68.5) |
19.9 (67.8) |
19.6 (67.3) |
19.6 (67.3) |
19.9 (67.8) |
20.1 (68.2) |
19.9 (67.8) |
19.8 (67.6) |
19.8 (67.6) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 210 (8.3) |
181 (7.1) |
210 (8.3) |
241 (9.5) |
261 (10.3) |
192 (7.6) |
176 (6.9) |
233 (9.2) |
318 (12.5) |
350 (13.8) |
263 (10.4) |
259 (10.2) |
2,894 (114.1) |
Source: Climate-Data.org[6] |
Governance
[edit]TheMayoris the highest-ranking leader in the Pematangsiantar government. The Mayor of Pematangsiantar is responsible to the governor of the province of North Sumatra. The current mayor of Pematangsiantar City is the elected deputy mayorSusanti Dewayani.In the 2020 Pematangsiantar Mayoral Election, Susanti Dewayani was a candidate for deputy mayor, along with mayoral candidateAsner Silalahi,and together they won the election for the 2021-2024 term. However, Asner passed away before the official swearing-in ceremony.[7]
Susanti was officially inaugurated as deputy mayor and the winner of the election by the governor of North Sumatra Edy Rahmayadi on February 22, 2022 at the North Sumatra governor's office, Medan City.[7]Officially the position of mayor was still vacant at that point. Following that, the Pematangsiantar City Council held a meeting to elect a deputy mayor, and Susanti Dewayani was then appointed as Pematangsiantar mayor for the 2022-2024 period. Susanti Dewayani replacedHefriansyah–Togar Sitoruswho was in office from 2017-2022.[8]
Administrative divisions
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/%28Peta_Wilayah%29_Kota_Pematangsiantar.svg/230px-%28Peta_Wilayah%29_Kota_Pematangsiantar.svg.png)
The city is divided administratively into eightdistricts(kecamatan), tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census[3]and 2020 Census,[4]together with the official estimates as of mid-2023.[1]
Name of District (kecamatan) |
Area in sq.km |
Pop'n Census 2010 |
Pop'n Census 2020 |
Pop'n Estimate mid 2023 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Siantar Marihat | 7.825 | 17,872 | 20,933 | 21,484 |
Siantar Marimbun | 18.006 | 14,642 | 20,675 | 21,684 |
Siantar Selatan (South Siantar) |
2.020 | 17,101 | 17,447 | 17,588 |
Siantar Barat (West Siantar) |
3.205 | 34,984 | 37,896 | 38,249 |
Siantar Utara (North Siantar) |
3.650 | 46,423 | 49,886 | 50,300 |
Siantar Timur (East Siantar) |
4.520 | 38,454 | 36,744 | 37,041 |
Siantar Martoba | 18.022 | 38,368 | 50,350 | 52,705 |
Siantar Sitalasari | 22.723 | 26,854 | 34,323 | 35,787 |
Totals | 79.971 | 234,698 | 268,254 | 274,838 |
Demographics
[edit]In mid 2022 the population of Pematangsiantar City reached 274,838 people with a population density of 3,437 people per km2;in mid 2023 the male population of Pematangsiantar amounted to 135,918 and the female population to 138,920. Thus the sex ratio of the population of Pematangsiantar City is 97.84.[1]
No. | District | Male | Female | Total in mid 2023 |
Density (per km2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Siantar Marihat | 10,559 | 10,925 | 21,484 | 2,746 |
2 | Siantar Marimbun | 10,730 | 10,954 | 21,684 | 1,204 |
3 | South Siantar | 8,299 | 9,289 | 17,588 | 8,707 |
4 | West Siantar | 18,750 | 19,499 | 38,249 | 11,934 |
5 | North Siantar | 25,018 | 25,282 | 50,300 | 13,781 |
6 | East Siantar | 18,182 | 18,859 | 37,041 | 8,195 |
7 | Siantar Martoba | 26,377 | 26,328 | 52,705 | 2,924 |
8 | Siantar Sitalasari | 18,003 | 17,784 | 35,787 | 1,575 |
Totals | 135,918 | 138,920 | 274,838 | 3,437 |
Ethnics, Languages and Religion
[edit]TheBatak people,especially theTobaandSimalungun,are the major ethnic group in Pematangsiantar, alongside sizeableJavaneseandChinesecommunities. Other ethnicities includeMinangkabau,Indian,Acehnese,and others.
According tothe 2010 Indonesian census,the majority of Pematangsiantar's inhabitants areChristianwith 51.25 percent andMuslimwith 43.9 percent. Around 4.36 percent areBuddhist,and there are smaller numbers ofHinduand followers ofConfucianism.There are numerous houses of worship across the city, including one of the largest operating Buddhist temples in Indonesia.
The major languages in Pematangsiantar areIndonesianandBatak,both languages are lingua franca that are spoken among all ethnicities in the city. The Javanese community speakJavaneseas a home language. Chinese Indonesians speak bothHokkienandHainanese.Many Indians speakTamil,and other ethnicities also have their own languages.
-
HKBPPematangsiantar Resort Church, the largest Christian church in the city
-
Pematangsiantar Grand Mosque, the main mosque in the city
-
Saint Joseph's Cathedral, the primary Catholic Church in Pematangsiantar.
-
Vihara AvalokitesvaraBuddhist temple, has the largestGuanyinstatue in Indonesia
Economy
[edit]Pematangsiantar's economy in 2020 when compared to the previous year declined by 1.89 percent. Based on the production approach, the highest growth was achieved by the Electricity and Gas Procurement business field of 2.24 percent. Followed by the Information and Communication business sector by 2.00 percent and the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries business field at 1.05 percent.
- Based on the expenditure approach, the Consumption Expenditure component of LNPRT achieved the highest growth of 0.36 percent.
- The business fields that dominate Pematangsiantar's GRDP in terms of production in 2020 are the Wholesale and Retail Trade; with Car and Motorcycle Repair at 25.28 percent, Manufacturing Industry at 21.51 percent and Construction at 10.15 percent. Meanwhile, from the expenditure side, the Household Consumption Expenditure (PKRT) component gave the largest contribution at 58.54 percent, following the PMTB component at 24.81 percent as the component with the second largest contribution.
- In nominal terms, Pematangsiantar's GRDP in 2020 at current prices reached Rp. 13,920.09 billion and GRDP at constant prices in 2010 reached Rp. 9,430.04 billion.[10]
Culture
[edit]Landmarks and Tourism
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Kwan_Im_statue_Pematangsiantar.jpg/220px-Kwan_Im_statue_Pematangsiantar.jpg)
Pematangsiantar is famous for its Batak culture, 'Batik' and 'Ulos' fabric, Batak foods, and well-appointed zoo calledTaman Hewan Pematangsiantar- (Pematangsiantar Animal Park - Kebun Binatang Pemetangsiantar in Indonesian), with an extensive collection of Indonesian native animals, most notably birds, tigers and apes. The zoo itself boasts abundant tropical trees and plants, some of which are very old. The location is close to the centre of the city (within walking distance).
Another place of interest in the city isVihara Avalokitesvara- a Buddhist Temple housing the Statue of Kwan Im. At 22.8 meter high, is the tallest statue of its kind in Indonesia. The temple complex is accessible from Jl. Pane, and is part of a new temple complex. Adjacent to the new complex and connected by a bridge across the Bah Bolon river, the old temple building was burned completely in a fierce blaze in May, 2008.
Other landmarks and tourism spots are:
- Siantar Waterpark
- SiantarBecakstatue
- Horas Market
- Simalungun Museum
- Zoologi Museum
- Siantar Botanic Park
Cuisine
[edit]Most of Pematangsiantar's food styles are inherited from Batak traditional food. Foods such assaksang(pork cooked in its own blood) and roasted pork, or drinks liketuak(an alcoholic beverage made from sugar palm and sometimes from coconut) prepared by theBatakpeople are very popular. Halal food is easy to find, with manynasi padang,satay,andbaksosellers scattered everywhere across Pematangsiantar.
Roti Gandais the most famous souvenir food from Pematangsiantar, a plain pillow bread spread withKayaorSerikaya.Other variants of Roti Ganda includepandan leafjam, chocolate and cheese.Bakmi SiantarandKok Tong Kopitiamcoffee are another famous cuisine items among the Siantar Chinese community.
Transportation
[edit]Pematangsiantar can be reached fromMedanby train, with a dailySiantar Expressservice betweenMedan stationtoSiantar station.There are also large buses which connect Siantar to Medan, a 3 hour trip of 130 kilometres. The nearest airport isKualanamu International Airportlocated around 70 km from the city, currently there is ongoing construction of atoll roadthat will connect Pematangsiantar to other cities such asTebingtinggi,Kualanamu airport, and the provincial capitalMedan.
References
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- ^abcdBadan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024,Kota Pematangsiantar Dalam Angka 2024(Katalog-BPS 1102001.1272)
- ^"Official Website of Pematangsiantar City (In Indonesian)".
- ^abBiro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
- ^abBadan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
- ^"Pematangsiantar history (in Indonesian)".Archived fromthe originalon 2008-05-22.
- ^"Climate: Pematangsiantar".Climate-Data.org.Retrieved6 November2020.
- ^ab"Susanti Dewayani Dilantik Sebagai Wakil Wali Kota Siantar".portalsiantar.com.22 February 2022.Retrieved23 February2022.
- ^"Akhirnya Hefriansyah Dilantik Jadi Wali Kota Pematangsiantar".buktipers.com.Retrieved2 February2022.
- ^Sensus Penduduk Tahun 2010
- ^"PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI PEMATANGSIANTAR TAHUN 2020".siantarkota.bps.go.id.2021-05-25.