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Penshurst Place

Coordinates:51°10′29″N0°11′02″E/ 51.1747°N 0.1838°E/51.1747; 0.1838
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Private entrance to Penshurst Place

Penshurst Placeis a historic building nearPenshurst,Kent,32 miles (51 km) south east ofLondon,England.It is the ancestral home of the Sidney family, and was the birthplace of the greatElizabethan poetsand courtiers, siblingsMary SidneyandPhilip Sidney.The original medieval house is one of the most complete surviving examples of 14th-century domestic architecture inEngland.Part of the house and its gardens are open for public viewing. Many TV shows and movies have been filmed at Penshurst.

History

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The Great Hall at Penshurst Place, circa 1915

Penshurst Place was built as ahall housein 1341 forSir John de Pulteney,a London merchant and four timesLord Mayor of London[1][2]who wanted a country residence within easy distance of London.[3]This was at the time when such properties ceased to be castles: they were more dwellings that could be defended in an emergency.[3]WhenHenry IV's third son,John, Duke of Bedford,occupied Penshurst, the second hall, known as the Buckingham Building, was built: so called after the subsequent owners, theDukes of Buckingham.Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckinghamwas executed in 1521 byHenry VIIIfollowing a lavish feast held at Penshurst Place hosted by the Duke in honour of Henry; it then stayed in the crown estate for the rest of Henry's reign, with documented evidence Henry used Penshurst Place as a hunting lodge and visiting with his courtier Brandon, the property being only a few miles fromHever Castle,childhood home of Henry's second wifeAnne Boleyn.

In 1550, Henry VIII's son,King Edward VI,granted the house and estate to SirRalph Fane,a supporter ofProtector Somerset,but it was forfeited two years later after Sir Ralph was executed for treason.

Sidney family

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Penshurst Place was enlarged after 1552 when King Edward VI granted the house to SirWilliam Sidney(1482–1554), who had been a courtier to the King's father, Henry VIII. Sir William's sonHenry(1529–1586) marriedLady Mary Dudley,whose family became implicated in theLady Jane Greyaffair, although Henry himself escaped any such implications. During his lifetime he added apartments and the "King's Tower" to Penshurst. He employed a joiner Evan Lucas to supply panelling and carve ornaments including leopard's heads for the hall and gallery.[4]Henry Sidney also created what is now one of England's oldest private gardens, with records going back to 1346.

Philip Sidney(1554–1586), Henry's son, was born at Penshurst Place in 1554. Poet and courtier, he was buried inOld St Paul's Cathedral,in London, having died 25 days after a fatal wounding from a bullet in the thigh at thebattle of Zutphen,but his tomb was destroyed in theGreat Fire of Londonin 1666.

Philip's brother,Robert Sidney,inherited Penshurst. His time there resulted in more additions to the state rooms, including an impressive "Long Gallery". He had also inherited theEarldom of Leicester,and his descendants for the next seven generations continued to live at the mansion.

Restoration

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By the 19th century, the building was falling into disrepair, but a new occupant in 1818, Sir John Shelley-Sidney, uncle ofPercy Bysshe Shelley,gained ownership of the property. He began to restore the building with architect J. Rebecca.[5]

His son Philip Sidney, 1st Lord De L’Isle and Dudley, continued the restoration. Under Philips' care, a stable wing was constructed, which currently houses the Toy Museum.[5]

Opening to the public

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The 5th Baron,William Sidney(1909–1991), inherited the Penhurst place in 1945.[5]He was one of only two men who held both theVictoria Crossand membership of theOrder of the Garter;he was created 1stViscount De L'Islein 1956. To him and to his son, the2nd Viscount,much of the modern restoration of Penshurst is due, in spite of the house having suffered neglect duringWorld War I.Pesnhurst Place opened to the public in 1946 to help offset the cost of wartime damages.[5]

Many members of the family are buried or commemorated in the Sidney Chapel atSt John the Baptist, Penshurst.[6]

Main features of the house

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Flag Garden at Penshurst Place

It is possible to see in the house the evidence of occupation over its 670-year history:

  • The State Rooms, filled with a collection acquired by generations of the Sidney family.
  • The West Solar, or State Dining Room, part of the medieval building, contains a collection of family portraits, furniture and porcelain.
  • The Queen Elizabeth Room, named afterQueen Elizabeth I,with its display of early upholstered furniture.
  • The Tapestry Room
  • The Long Gallery, full of royal and family portraits
  • The Nether Gallery: with an array of arms and armour
  • Toy Museum – features toys from several generations of the Sidney family, includes dolls, doll houses, teddies, toy soldiers, mechanical toys and general play items[7]
  • Queen Victoria's stool: in one of the smallest rooms of the house, there is a green stool on display. Queen Victoria sat on this stool when she was pronounced Empress of India in 1876.

Sidney Oak

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One notable element of the property was the Sidney Oak tree, estimated to have grown for more than 1000 years. It died in 2016 and was commemorated with a plaque on the property in 2017. It was listed as one of Britain's 50 Great Trees duringQueen Elizabeth II's Golden Jubilee.[8]An oil painting depicting the tree and the Penhurst property was gifted to the Victoria & Albert museum in 1857, where it is still housed.[9]

Filming location

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The Grade II-listed gatehouse to Penshurst Place

Penshurst has been used as a filming location, including:Anne of the Thousand Days;[10]the 1971BBCseriesElizabeth R;[11]the 1992 television seriesCovington Cross;[12]The Other Boleyn Girl;[13]The Princess Bride;[14]the BBC TV showMerlin;[15]The Hollow Crown;[16]and the BBC’s 2015 seriesWolf Hall.[17]

References

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  1. ^"Penshurst Place. Official list entry".Historic England: National Heritage List for England.Retrieved14 April2023.
  2. ^Hasted, Edward (1798)."Parishes".The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent.6.Institute of Historical Research: 499–531.Retrieved10 March2014.
  3. ^abGardens (en), Parks and (January 1991)."Penshurst Place - Royal Tunbridge Wells".Parks & Gardens.Retrieved20 February2023.
  4. ^HMC Report on the Manuscripts of Lord De L'Isle & Dudley at Penshurst Place,vol. 1 (London, 1925), pp. 260–1.
  5. ^abcd"Historical Attractions Kent - Penshurst Place History Timeline".www.penshurstplace.com.Retrieved13 March2024.
  6. ^"St John the Baptist, Penshurst".High Weald Churches.Retrieved13 March2024.
  7. ^"Toy Museum Penshurst Place".www.penshurstplace.com.Retrieved13 March2024.
  8. ^"Mighty oaks from little acorns grow".Kent Online.16 May 2017.Retrieved13 March2024.
  9. ^Nasmyth, Patrick (1820–1830),Sir Philip Sidney's Oak,retrieved13 March2024
  10. ^Kent Film Office (18 December 1969)."Kent Film Office: Anne of the Thousand Days (1969)".Retrieved23 September2018.
  11. ^Kent Film Office (12 August 1971)."Kent Film Office Elizabeth R (1971)".
  12. ^Kent Film Office (9 November 1992)."Kent Film Office Covington Cross (1992)".
  13. ^Kent Film Office (4 February 2008)."Kent Film Office The Other Boleyn Girl Film Focus".
  14. ^Kent Film Office (18 March 1987)."Kent Film Office: The Princess Bride (1987)".Retrieved23 September2018.
  15. ^Kent Film Office (4 February 2008)."Kent Film Office Merlin Film Focus".
  16. ^Kent Film Office (13 July 2012)."Kent Film Office Henry V – The Hollow Crown Film Focus".
  17. ^Kent Film Office (9 January 2015)."Kent Film Office Wolf Hall (2015)".
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51°10′29″N0°11′02″E/ 51.1747°N 0.1838°E/51.1747; 0.1838

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