Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
Петропавловск-Камчатский | |
---|---|
Aerial view of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky with theKoryaksky volcanoat left | |
Coordinates:53°01′N158°39′E/ 53.017°N 158.650°E | |
Country | Russia |
Federal subject | Kamchatka Krai |
Founded | 17 October 1740 |
Government | |
• Body | City Duma |
• Head | Konstantin Bryzgin |
Area | |
• Total | 362.14 km2(139.82 sq mi) |
Elevation | 150 m (490 ft) |
Population | |
• Total | 179,780 |
• Estimate (2021)[3] | 164,900 |
• Rank | 100thin 2010 |
• Density | 500/km2(1,300/sq mi) |
•Subordinated to | Petropavlovsk-KamchatskyCity Under Krai Jurisdiction[1] |
•Capitalof | Kamchatka Krai,[1]Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky City Under Krai Jurisdiction[1] |
•Urban okrug | Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Urban Okrug[4] |
•Capitalof | Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Urban Okrug[4] |
Time zone | UTC+12(MSK+9![]() |
Postal code(s)[6] | 683000 (main) |
Dialing code(s) | +7 4152 |
OKTMOID | 30701000001 |
City Day | 17 October |
Website | pkgo |
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky(Russian:Петропавловск-Камчатский,IPA:[pʲɪtrɐˈpavləfskkɐmˈtɕatskʲɪj] ) is acityand theadministrative centerofKamchatka Krai,Russia.It is located in thefar eastof the country and lies along the coast ofAvacha Bayby thePacific Ocean.As of the 2021 census, it had a population of 164,900.[7]
The city is widely known simply asPetropavlovsk(literally "city ofPeterandPaul"). The adjectiveKamchatsky( "Kamchatkan" ) was added to the official name in 1924.
History[edit]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2d/Tebenkov-Petropavlosk.png/220px-Tebenkov-Petropavlosk.png)
Cossackunits visited the area from 1697. The explorer and navigator CaptainVitus Bering(a Dane in the service of theImperial Russian Navy) is considered[by whom?]to have founded the city in 1740, although navigatorIvan Fomich Yelagin had laid the foundation a few months earlier. Bering reached Avacha Bay in late 1740 and in his capacity as the superior officer, named the new settlement "Petropavlovsk" (Peter and Paul) after his two ships, theSaint Peterand theSaint Paul,which had been built inOkhotskfor his second expedition (1733–42). The town's location on the eastern coast of theKamchatka Peninsula,on the sheltered Avacha Bay and at the mouth of theAvacha River,saw it develop to become the most important settlement in Kamchatka. It gained town status on 9 April 1812.
During the 1853–55Crimean War,Anglo-French forces put the city undersiege(August–September 1854), but it never fell. The city had been fortified under the overall command ofNikolay Muravyov(Governor-Generalof theEastern Siberia Governorate-General from 1847 to 1861) in the preceding years, but possessed only a small garrison of a few hundred soldiers and sixty-seven cannon. After much exchange of fire, six hundred Anglo-French troops landed south of the city; two hundred and thirty Russian troops forced them to retreat after heavy fighting (1 September 1854). Four days later, a larger force of nine hundred Anglo-French troops landed east of the town, but again the Russians repelled the allies (5 September 1854). The allied ships then retreated from Russian Pacific waters (7 September 1854). The total Russian losses were reported[by whom?]at around a hundred men; the Anglo-French were said to have lost 209 men, over twice that number.[8]
At the time of thesurrender of JapaninWorld War II(August/September 1945),United States Naval Construction Battalion114 was in theAleutians.In September 1945 the battalion received orders to send a detachment to theUSSRto build a Naval Advance Base (a Fleet Weather Central)[9]– located ten miles outside Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky and code-named TAMA.[10]The original agreement gave the Seabees three weeks to complete the camp. Upon arrival the Soviets told the Seabees they had ten days, and were amazed that the Seabees achieved the task. It was one of two to whichStalinagreed. The other was nearKhabarovsk,in buildings provided by the Russians.[10]For mail Petropavlovsk was assigned Navy number 1169, FPO San Francisco.[11]The American use of these two bases proved short-lived.
Petropavlovsk was a great source of fish, particularlysalmon,andcrabmeat for theSoviet Unionin the 20th century. Following theend of the Soviet erain December 1991, fishing rights have also been granted to foreign interests.Poachingof salmon for theircaviarat Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy remains a problem amid lax law-enforcement and widespread corruption.[12]
Administrative and municipal status[edit]
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky is theadministrative centerofKamchatka Krai.[1]Within theframework of administrative divisions,it is incorporated as Petropavlovsk-KamchatskyCity Under Krai Jurisdiction— an administrative unit with status equal to that of thedistricts.[1]As amunicipal division,Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky City Under Krai Jurisdiction is incorporated as Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Urban Okrug.[4]
Geography[edit]
The city is situated at sea level and surrounded byvolcanoes.The surrounding terrain is mountainous enough that the horizon cannot be seen clearly from any point in town. AcrossAvacha Bayfrom the city inVilyuchinskis Russia's largestsubmarine base,the Rybachiy Nuclear Submarine Base, established during the Soviet period and still used by theRussian Navy.[13]The city is located 6,766 kilometres (4,204 mi) fromMoscowand about 2,220 kilometres (1,380 mi) fromVladivostok.It is geographically closer toSan FranciscoandSeattleinUnited Statesthan to Moscow.
Climate[edit]
Theclimateat Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy reasonably qualifies as asubarctic climate(KöppenDfc), falling just short of ahumid continental climate(Dfb). However, this area's climate has strong oceanic influences due its proximity to thePacific Ocean.Average annual precipitation is 1,180 millimeters (46 in), or about3+1⁄2times as much as most ofSiberiaaverages, mostly falling as frozen precipitation, primarilysnow,from November to April. Average monthly precipitation is highest in autumn, with October the wettest month on average, closely followed by November. May through July are markedly the driest months on average; June is the single driest month. Winter temperatures are much milder than in Siberia. Here, average January daytime high temperatures are around −4.0 °C (24.8 °F), while average daytime high temperature in August, the warmest month, is 17 °C (63 °F). Thus, resulting from oceanic cooling, summer daytime high temperatures in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy are markedly cooler than in interior Siberia. In warmer-summer years, monthly high averages in July–August can reach 18 °C (64 °F) and higher. Days of above 20 °C (68 °F) can be expected an average of 19.6 days per summer.[14]
Despite the generally high precipitation, the weather is less cloudy than in the adjacentKuril Islandsthat are one of the least sunny places in the world,[15]since the city is located behind a peninsula to the north that blocks some of thefogfrom the coldOyashio Currentoffshore of the Kamchatka Peninsula. Oceanic water in Avacha Bay and adjacent bays is also warmer than coastal waters of Kuril Islands and Okhotsk sea coast (except Southern Kuriles and Southern Sakhalin).
In the spring (February to April), seawater may freeze.
Highest Temperature: 30.0 °C (86.0 °F) on July 2, 2012
Lowest Temperature: −31.7 °C (−25.1 °F) on February 14, 1917
Highest Daily Precipitation: 200.2 millimetres (7.88 in) on November 10, 2002
Wettest Year: 1,996 millimetres (78.6 in) in 1971
Driest Year: 432 millimetres (17.0 in) in 1947
Climate data for Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy (1991–2020, extremes 1894–present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 5.2 (41.4) |
6.2 (43.2) |
8.5 (47.3) |
18.8 (65.8) |
20.6 (69.1) |
26.9 (80.4) |
30.0 (86.0) |
27.7 (81.9) |
24.4 (75.9) |
19.4 (66.9) |
12.6 (54.7) |
10.5 (50.9) |
30.0 (86.0) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −4.0 (24.8) |
−3.4 (25.9) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
3.6 (38.5) |
8.6 (47.5) |
13.7 (56.7) |
17.0 (62.6) |
17.5 (63.5) |
14.7 (58.5) |
8.5 (47.3) |
1.8 (35.2) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
6.3 (43.3) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −6.5 (20.3) |
−6.1 (21.0) |
−3.4 (25.9) |
0.4 (32.7) |
4.8 (40.6) |
9.5 (49.1) |
13.0 (55.4) |
13.7 (56.7) |
10.7 (51.3) |
5.5 (41.9) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
3.0 (37.4) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −8.9 (16.0) |
−8.6 (16.5) |
−5.9 (21.4) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
2.1 (35.8) |
6.6 (43.9) |
10.4 (50.7) |
11.1 (52.0) |
7.9 (46.2) |
3.0 (37.4) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
−7.1 (19.2) |
0.5 (32.9) |
Record low °C (°F) | −28.6 (−19.5) |
−31.7 (−25.1) |
−24.8 (−12.6) |
−14.8 (5.4) |
−6.3 (20.7) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
2.5 (36.5) |
4.2 (39.6) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
−7.5 (18.5) |
−16.5 (2.3) |
−26.0 (−14.8) |
−31.7 (−25.1) |
Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 110 (4.3) |
75 (3.0) |
103 (4.1) |
88 (3.5) |
58 (2.3) |
57 (2.2) |
66 (2.6) |
91 (3.6) |
105 (4.1) |
154 (6.1) |
156 (6.1) |
115 (4.5) |
1,178 (46.4) |
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) | 79 (31) |
104 (41) |
117 (46) |
103 (41) |
22 (8.7) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
8 (3.1) |
39 (15) |
472 (186) |
Average rainy days | 1 | 0.4 | 1 | 3 | 13 | 15 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 6 | 1 | 108 |
Average snowy days | 18 | 18 | 18 | 17 | 7 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0.03 | 3 | 15 | 17 | 113 |
Averagerelative humidity(%) | 71 | 68 | 68 | 72 | 75 | 79 | 84 | 83 | 79 | 74 | 70 | 71 | 75 |
Mean monthlysunshine hours | 105 | 114 | 176 | 192 | 193 | 196 | 169 | 178 | 178 | 157 | 122 | 93 | 1,870 |
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[16][17] | |||||||||||||
Source 2:NOAA(sun 1961–1990)[18] |
Climate data for Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Average sea temperature °C (°F) | 0.1 (32.2) |
-0.6 (30.9) |
-0.5 (31.1) |
-0.2 (31.6) |
2.2 (36.0) |
6.8 (44.2) |
10.3 (50.5) |
12.3 (54.1) |
10.3 (50.5) |
7.3 (45.1) |
4.8 (40.6) |
1.8 (35.2) |
4.6 (40.3) |
Source: Weather Atlas[19] |
Culture[edit]
Sports[edit]
The mainassociation footballstadium in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy is the 5,000-capacitySpartak Stadium.The former clubFC Volcanoplayed at the stadium.[citation needed]
Museums[edit]
There are multiple museums in the city.[20]
Tourism[edit]
The city is the main gateway to the rest of Kamchatka.[20]
Transport[edit]
The city is served byPetropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (Elizovo) Airport,which is linked to the town and its port via theA-401road. During the warmer monthscruise shipsregularly stop there for the day.[21]
There is a bus service in the city.[20]
Demographics[edit]
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1897 | 395 | — |
1926 | 1,691 | +328.1% |
1939 | 35,373 | +1991.8% |
1959 | 85,582 | +141.9% |
1970 | 153,885 | +79.8% |
1979 | 214,977 | +39.7% |
1989 | 268,747 | +25.0% |
2002 | 198,028 | −26.3% |
2010 | 179,780 | −9.2% |
2021 | 164,900 | −8.3% |
Source: Census data |
Ethnic Russians make up the majority of the population; the city on its own has more inhabitants than the entire neighboringChukotka Autonomous OkrugorMagadan Oblast.
The population numbered 179,780 in 2010; 179,800 in 2011; 179,784 in 2012; 181,618 in 2013, and 164,900 in 2021.
Ethnic composition (2021):[3]
|
Politics[edit]
Results of the Russian legislative elections[edit]
Parties/Year | 2003 | 2007 | 2011 |
---|---|---|---|
Communist Party | 8.83% | 8.89% | 17.78% |
Patriots of Russia (including formerParty of Peace and Unity) |
0.35% | 2.31% | 2.53% |
A Just Russia (including formerRodina or Motherland-National Patriotic Union Russian Party of Life People's Party of the Russian Federation andRussian Ecological Party "The Greens") |
13.91% | 7.41% | 9.93% |
Yabloko (including formerUnion of People for education and research:"Партия СЛОН" ) |
8.92% | 1.85% | 5.10% |
Right Cause (including formerCitizens' Force Democratic Party of Russia andUnion of Rightist Forces) |
4.46% | 2.74% | 0.67% |
United Russia (including formerAgrarian Party of Russia) |
35.29% | 61.78% | 43.59% |
Liberal Democratic Party | 15.25% | 12.00% | 18.40% |
Other minor parties | 12.12% | ||
Total | 99.13% | 96.98% | 98% |
Twin towns – sister cities[edit]
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy istwinnedwith:[22]
Kushiro,Japan (since 1998)
- Unalaska, Alaska(since 1990)
Notable people[edit]
- Pavlo Ishchenko,Ukrainian-IsraeliOlympic boxer
- Anatolii Mohyliov,Ukrainian politician
- Sergei Ursuliak,Russian filmmaker, screenwriter and actor, and TV presenter
- Elena Yakovishina,Russian Olympic skier
- Igor Smirnov,1st president of Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic and Transnistria
- Regina Sych,Russian swimmer
- Innokenty Omulevsky,Russian writer
- Aleksandra Frantseva,Russian alpine skier
- Viktor Borel,a Belarusian football coach and former player
- Artem Ansheles,a Hong Kong actor
References[edit]
- ^abcdefLaw #46
- ^Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011).Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1[2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1].Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census](in Russian).Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ab"Национальный состав населения".Federal State Statistics Service.RetrievedMarch 26,2023.
- ^abcLaw #220
- ^"Об исчислении времени".Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации(in Russian). June 3, 2011.RetrievedJanuary 19,2019.
- ^Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post).Поиск объектов почтовой связи(Postal Objects Search)(in Russian)
- ^"Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации".Federal State Statistics Service.RetrievedSeptember 1,2022.
- ^Black, Jeremy (2001).Western warfare 1775–1882.Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 80.ISBN978-0-253-21472-0.
- ^The 114th CB cruisebook, 1946, U.S.Navy Seabee Museum Archives,Port Hueneme, California,pp. 123-125[1]
- ^ab"Yanks in Siberia: U.S. Navy Weather Stations in Soviet East Asia, 1945", G. Patrick March,Pacific Historical Review,Vol. 57, No. 3 (August 1988), pp. 327–342, Published by: University of California Press.JSTOR3640708
- ^"US Navy Abbreviations of World War II --N--Navy Numbers",The Navy Department Library, NHHC; published 23 July 2015.
- ^Feifer, Gregory (July 22, 2007)."Poaching in Far Eastern Russia Threatens Ecosystem".NPR.Archivedfrom the original on May 9, 2015.RetrievedJune 29,2014.
- ^"Russia".NTI.Archivedfrom the original on November 6, 2011.RetrievedDecember 11,2011.
- ^"Погода в Петропавловск-Камчатском - климатический монитор за август 2006 года".Archivedfrom the original on June 1, 2012.RetrievedDecember 2,2011.Hydrometeorological Centre of Russia
- ^SeeClimatological Norms of Simusir IslandArchivedSeptember 24, 2012, at theWayback Machine
- ^"Weather and Climate-The Climate of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy"(in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Archived fromthe originalon December 1, 2019.RetrievedNovember 8,2021.
- ^"Daily Data Report for August 1930".Russian Climate Data.Hydrometeorological Centre of Russia.February 20, 2022.
- ^"Petropavlovsk-Kamca Climate Normals 1961–1990".National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.RetrievedNovember 3,2021.
- ^"Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy, Russia - Monthly weather forecast and Climate data".Weather Atlas.RetrievedNovember 11,2019.
- ^abc"Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky".KamchatkaLand.RetrievedAugust 12,2023.
- ^Portnews (February 3, 2017)."New cruise terminal in Kamchatka to welcome its first cruise ship in summer 2017 (photo)".Portnews.RetrievedMarch 16,2024.
- ^"Города-побратимы".pkgo.ru(in Russian). Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy. Archived fromthe originalon February 5, 2020.RetrievedFebruary 5,2020.
Sources[edit]
- Законодательное Собрание Камчатского края. Закон №46 от 29 апреля 2008 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Камчатского края», в ред. Закона №659 от 30 июля 2015 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 5 Закона Камчатского края "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Камчатского края" ». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Официальные Ведомости", №65-69, 6 мая 2008 г.(Legislative Assembly of Kamchatka Krai. Law #46 of April 29, 2008On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Kamchatka Krai,as amended by the Law #659 of July 30, 2015On Amending Article 5 of the Law of Kamchatka Krai "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Kamchatka Krai".Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
- Совет народных депутатов Камчатской области. Закон №220 от 20 октября 2004 г. «О наделении Петропавловск-Камчатского городского муниципального образования статусом городского округа и об установлении границ Петропавловск-Камчатского городского округа». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Официальные Ведомости", №77–78, 16 декабря 2004 г.(Council of People's Deputies of Kamchatka Oblast. Law #220 of October 20, 2004On Granting Urban Okrug Status to Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Urban Municipal Formation and on Establishing the Borders of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Urban Okrug.Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
External links[edit]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png)
- Official website of Petropavlovsk-KamchatskiyArchivedMay 22, 2017, at theWayback Machine(in Russian)
- New photos of the city(in Russian)
- Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy Internet portal(in Russian)
- History of the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy(in Russian)
See also[edit]
- Bechevinka,Soviet naval base known by the codename Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky-54
- Cities and towns in Kamchatka Krai
- Ports and harbours of the Russian Pacific Coast
- Port cities and towns in Russia
- Populated coastal places in Russia
- Russian Far East
- Russian and Soviet Navy bases
- Russian and Soviet Navy submarine bases
- Populated places established in 1740
- 1740s establishments in the Russian Empire
- Road-inaccessible communities of Russia