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Chemical compound
Phenindamine (Nolahist ,Thephorin ) is anantihistamine andanticholinergic closely related tocyproheptadine .It was developed byHoffman-La Roche in the late 1940s.[ 1] It is used to treat symptoms of thecommon cold andallergies ,such as sneezing, itching, rashes, andhives .Its efficacy against some symptoms of opioid withdrawal was researched in the 1950s and 1960s in a number of countries;William S. Burroughs ' bookJunkie mentions this technique. Like many other first-generation antihistamines, phenindamine has useful potentiating effects on many narcotic analgesics and is even more useful with those opioids which release histamine when in the body.
Nolahist was originally manufactured in the US by Carnrick Laboratories, and later by Amarin Pharmaceuticals. When that company ceased its American operations, its product line was acquired byValeant ,but they declined to resume manufacturing Nolahist. The last produced lot bore an expiration date of 10/2005, and the product is no longer available.
Phenindamine does exhibitoptical isomerism as do other chemicals of its general type ranging frompethidine andalphaprodine tocyproheptadine to certain herbicides and other industrial chemicals; the.[ 2] In the example at hand, the compoundisophenidamine (60295-96-7 MSDS), which is inactive.[ 2]
^ US 2546652 ,Plati JT, Wenner W, "Pyridindenes and process for their manufacture", assigned to F Hoffmann La Roche AG
^a b Tscherne RJ, Umagat H (March 1980). "Determination of isophenindamine in phenindamine tartrate using an argentated high-performance liquid chromatographic mobile phase".Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences .69 (3): 342–4.doi :10.1002/jps.2600690324 .PMID 7381716 .
H1
Agonists Antagonists
Others: Atypical antipsychotics (e.g.,aripiprazole ,asenapine ,brexpiprazole ,brilaroxazine ,clozapine ,iloperidone ,olanzapine ,paliperidone ,quetiapine ,risperidone ,ziprasidone ,zotepine )
Phenylpiperazine antidepressants (e.g.,hydroxynefazodone ,nefazodone ,trazodone ,triazoledione )
Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g.,amoxapine ,loxapine ,maprotiline ,mianserin ,mirtazapine ,oxaprotiline )
Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g.,amitriptyline ,butriptyline ,clomipramine ,desipramine ,dosulepin (dothiepin) ,doxepin ,imipramine ,iprindole ,lofepramine ,nortriptyline ,protriptyline ,trimipramine )
Typical antipsychotics (e.g.,chlorpromazine ,flupenthixol ,fluphenazine ,loxapine ,perphenazine ,prochlorperazine ,thioridazine ,thiothixene )
H2
H3
H4
mAChRs Tooltip Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
Agonists Antagonists
3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate
4-DAMP
Aclidinium bromide (+formoterol )
Abediterol
AF-DX 250
AF-DX 384
Ambutonium bromide
Anisodamine
Anisodine
Antihistamines (first-generation) (e.g.,brompheniramine ,buclizine ,captodiame ,chlorphenamine (chlorpheniramine) ,cinnarizine ,clemastine ,cyproheptadine ,dimenhydrinate ,dimetindene ,diphenhydramine ,doxylamine ,meclizine ,mequitazine ,perlapine ,phenindamine ,pheniramine ,phenyltoloxamine ,promethazine ,propiomazine ,triprolidine )
AQ-RA 741
Atropine
Atropine methonitrate
Atypical antipsychotics (e.g.,clozapine ,fluperlapine ,olanzapine (+fluoxetine ),rilapine ,quetiapine ,tenilapine ,zotepine )
Benactyzine
Benzatropine (benztropine)
Benzilone
Benzilylcholine mustard
Benzydamine
Bevonium
BIBN 99
Biperiden
Bornaprine
Camylofin
CAR-226,086
CAR-301,060
CAR-302,196
CAR-302,282
CAR-302,368
CAR-302,537
CAR-302,668
Caramiphen
Cimetropium bromide
Clidinium bromide
Cloperastine
CS-27349
Cyclobenzaprine
Cyclopentolate
Darifenacin
DAU-5884
Desfesoterodine
Dexetimide
DIBD
Dicycloverine (dicyclomine)
Dihexyverine
Difemerine
Diphemanil metilsulfate
Ditran
Drofenine
EA-3167
EA-3443
EA-3580
EA-3834
Emepronium bromide
Etanautine
Etybenzatropine (ethybenztropine)
Fenpiverinium
Fentonium bromide
Fesoterodine
Flavoxate
Glycopyrronium bromide (+beclometasone/formoterol ,+indacaterol ,+neostigmine )
Hexahydrodifenidol
Hexahydrosiladifenidol
Hexbutinol
Hexocyclium
Himbacine
HL-031,120
Homatropine
Imidafenacin
Ipratropium bromide (+salbutamol )
Isopropamide
J-104,129
Hyoscyamine
Mamba toxin 3
Mamba toxin 7
Mazaticol
Mebeverine
Meladrazine
Mepenzolate
Methantheline
Methoctramine
Methylatropine
Methylhomatropine
Methylscopolamine
Metixene
Muscarinic toxin 7
N-Ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate
N-Methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate
Nefopam
Octatropine methylbromide (anisotropine methylbromide)
Orphenadrine
Otenzepad (AF-DX 116)
Otilonium bromide
Oxapium iodide
Oxitropium bromide
Oxybutynin
Oxyphencyclimine
Oxyphenonium bromide
PBID
PD-102,807
PD-0298029
Penthienate
Pethidine
pFHHSiD
Phenglutarimide
Phenyltoloxamine
Pipenzolate bromide
Piperidolate
Pirenzepine
Piroheptine
Pizotifen
Poldine
Pridinol
Prifinium bromide
Procyclidine
Profenamine (ethopropazine)
Propantheline bromide
Propiverine
Quinidine
3-Quinuclidinyl thiochromane-4-carboxylate
Revefenacin
Rociverine
RU-47,213
SCH-57,790
SCH-72,788
SCH-217,443
Scopolamine (hyoscine)
Scopolamine butylbromide (hyoscine butylbromide)
Silahexacyclium
Sofpironium bromide
Solifenacin
SSRIs Tooltip Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (e.g.,femoxetine ,paroxetine )
Telenzepine
Terodiline
Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g.,amoxapine ,maprotiline ,mianserin ,mirtazapine )
Tiemonium iodide
Timepidium bromide
Tiotropium bromide
Tiquizium bromide
Tofenacin
Tolterodine
Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g.,amitriptyline (+perphenazine ),amitriptylinoxide ,butriptyline ,cidoxepin ,clomipramine ,desipramine ,desmethyldesipramine ,dibenzepin ,dosulepin (dothiepin) ,doxepin ,imipramine ,lofepramine ,nitroxazepine ,northiaden (desmethyldosulepin) ,nortriptyline ,protriptyline ,quinupramine ,trimipramine )
Tridihexethyl
Trihexyphenidyl
Trimebutine
Tripitamine (tripitramine)
Tropacine
Tropatepine
Tropicamide
Trospium chloride
Typical antipsychotics (e.g.,chlorpromazine ,chlorprothixene ,cyamemazine (cyamepromazine) ,loxapine ,mesoridazine ,thioridazine )
Umeclidinium bromide (+vilanterol )
WIN-2299
Xanomeline
Zamifenacin
Precursors (andprodrugs )