Jump to content

Platform screen doors

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromPlatform screen door)
"PSDs" redirects here. For other uses, seePSDS.

Platform screen doors at theFuda Stationin Tokyo, Japan

Platform screen doors(PSDs), also known asplatform edge doors(PEDs), are used at sometrain,rapid transitandpeople moverstations to separate theplatformfrom train tracks, as well as on somebus rapid transit,tramandlight railsystems. Primarily used for passenger safety,[1]they are a relatively new addition to many metro systems around the world, some having been retrofitted to established systems. They are widely used in newerAsianandEuropeanmetro systems, andLatin Americanbus rapid transit systems.

History

[edit]
Platform screen doors on theElizabeth lineatFarringdonin 2019
"Horizontal lift" style doors atLomonosovskayastation on theSaint Petersburg Metro,the first type of screen doors in the world

The idea for platform edge doors dates from as early as 1908, when Charles S. Shute ofBostonwas granted a patent for "Safety fence and gate for railway-platforms".[2]The invention consisted of "a fence for railway platform edges", composed of a series of pickets bolted to the platform edge, and vertically movable pickets that could retract into a platform edge when there was a train in the station.[3]In 1917, Carl Albert West was granted a patent for "Gate for subrailways and the like".[4]The invention provided for spaced guides secured to a tunnel's side wall, with "a gate having its ends guided in the guides, the ends and intermediate portions of the gate having rollers engaging the side wall". Pneumatic cylinders with pistons would be used to raise the gates above the platform when a train was in the station. Unlike Shute's invention, the entire platform gate was movable, and was to retract upward.[5]

The first stations in the world with platform screen doors were the ten stations of theSaint Petersburg Metro'sLine 2that opened between 1961 and 1972. The platform "doors" are actually openings in the station wall, which supports the ceiling of the platform. The track tunnels adjoining the ten stations'island platformswere built withtunnel boring machines(TBMs), and the island platforms were actually located in a separate vault between the two track tunnels. Usually, TBMs bore the deep-level tunnels between stations, while the station vaults are dug out manually and contain both the tracks and the platform. However, in the case of the Saint Petersburg Metro, the TBMs bored a pair of continuous tunnels that passed through ten stations, and the stations themselves were built in vaults that only contained the platform, with small openings on the sides of the vault, in order for passengers to access the trains in the tunnels.[6]

Singapore'sMass Rapid Transitopened in 1987 is often described as the first heavy metro system in the world to incorporate PSDs into its stations for climate control and safety reasons, rather than due to architectural constraints,[6][7][8]though thelightLille Metroopened in 1983 predates it.[9]

Types

[edit]
The lightLille Metro(left) was the first system to be fitted with glass platform screen doors, predating the heavySingapore MRT(right).
Half-height platform gates atSunny Bay stationon theDisneyland Resort linein Hong Kong
Rope-type screen door inMunyang stationon theDaegu Metro Line 2

Although the terms are often used interchangeably,platform screen doorscan refer to both full-height and half-height barriers. Full height platform screen doors are total barriers between the station floor and ceiling, while the half-height platform screen doors are referred to asplatform edge doorsorautomatic platform gates,as they do not reach the ceiling and thus do not create a total barrier. Platform gates are usually only half of the height of the full-screen doors, are chest-height sliding doors at the edge ofrailway platformsto prevent passengers from falling off the platform edge onto therailway tracks.But they sometimes reach to the height of the train. Like full-height platform screen doors, these platform gates slide open or close simultaneously with the train doors. These two types of platform screen doors are presently the main types in the world.

Platform screen doors and platform edge doors

[edit]

Thesedoorshelp to:

  • Prevent people from accidentally falling onto the tracks, getting too close to moving trains, and committingsuicide(by jumping) orhomicide(by pushing).[7]
  • Prevent or reduce wind felt by the passengers caused by thepiston effectwhich could in some circumstances make people lose their balance.
  • Improve safety—reduce the risk of accidents, especially from trains passing through the station at high speeds.[7]
  • Improve climate control within the station (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning are more effective when the station is physically isolated from the tunnel).[7]
  • Improve security—access to the tracks and tunnels is restricted.[7]
  • Lower costs—eliminate the need formotormenorconductorswhen used in conjunction withautomatic train operation,thereby reducing manpower costs.
  • Preventlitterbuildup on the tracks, which can be a fire risk, as well as damage and possibly obstruct trains.[10]
  • Improve the sound quality of platform announcements, as background noise from the tunnels and trains that are entering or exiting is reduced.[11]
  • At underground or indoor platforms, prevent the air from being polluted by the fumes caused by friction from the train wheels grinding against the tracks.[12]

Their primary disadvantage is their cost. When used to retrofit older systems, they can limit the kind of rolling stock that may be used on a line, as the train doors must fit the spacing of the platform doors; which can result in additional costs due to depot upgrades and otherwise unnecessary purchases of rolling stock.

Despite delivering an overwhelming improvement to passenger safety at the platform-train interface, platform screen doors do introduce new hazards which must be carefully managed in design and delivery. The principal hazard is entrapment between closed platform doors and the train carriage which, if undetected, can lead to fatality when the train begins to move (see§ Incidents). Cases of this happening are rare, and the risk can be minimised with careful design, in particular by interlocking the door system with the signalling system, and by minimising the gap between the closed platform doors and the train body. In some cases active monitoring systems are used to monitor this gap.

Half-height platform edge doors, also known as automatic platform gates, are cheaper to install than full-height platform screen doors, which require more metallic framework for support. Some railway operators may therefore prefer such an option to improve safety at railway platforms and, at the same time, keep costs low and non-air-conditioned platforms naturally ventilated. However, these gates are less effective than full platform screen doors in preventing people from intentionally jumping onto the tracks.[13]These gates werefirst[clarify]in practical use by theHong Kong MTRon theDisneyland Resort linefor the open-air station designs. Most half-height platform edge door designs have taller designs than the ones installed on the Disneyland Resort line.

Rope-type platform screen doors

[edit]

There are also rope-type platform screen doors, where multiple train types with different length and train door structures use the same platforms. The barriers move upwards, rather than sideways, when letting passengers through.

Some Japanese, Korean, Chinese and eastern European countries have railway stations that use rope-type screen doors to lower the cost of installation and to deal with the problem of different train types and distance between the doors.

Variable-type platform screen doors

[edit]

The first-ever full-height variable-type platform screen doors have only been recently installed at the underground platforms ofOsaka Station,which opened in March 2023, but a few half-height variants can be found on a set installed at theShinkansenplatforms ofShinagawa StationinTokyo.Its use is currently rare since they are a much costlier and more complicated alternative to the aforementioned rope-type screen doors. The only difference from the latter is that they move sideways when letting passengers through.

At Osaka Station, the doors are designed as a single block (equivalent to the length of a train car). It consists of five units: one wall-like "parent door" suspended from the top and two sets of glass "child doors". When the train reaches the station, a special scanner on the platform receives and scans the information on the ID tag placed on the train to identify the type and the number of train cars. With the type and the number of cars for the arriving train having been instantly identified, each unit will slide automatically to match the length of the stopped train cars. The parent and child doors then slide into the optimal position to align precisely with the position of each car door.[14]

Since the technology is still new, such doors are still going through testing phases in several countries around the world.[15]

Use

[edit]

Argentina

[edit]

Line Dof theBuenos Aires Subteis planned to have platform screen doors installed in the future as soon as the CBTC system is installed.[16][17][18]

Australia

[edit]
Bella Vista railway stationinSydney

Sydney Metro Northwest,the initial section of theSydney Metro,which opened in May 2019, was the first-fully automated rapid transit rail system in Australia. Full-height screen doors are provided on most underground platforms, with half-height doors on at-grade, elevated and some underground platforms. The existing five stations on theEpping to Chatswood railway linewere upgraded to rapid transit standard, all being fitted with half-height platform screen doors.[19]

In Melbourne, theMetro Tunnel,fromSouth KensingtontoSouth Yarra,due to open in 2025, will have platform screen doors on the underground stations.[20]New rolling stockis being constructed, with doors that will line up with full-height ones on the platforms. The FutureSuburban Rail Loop,which will open in 2035 will also have platform screen doors.

TheCross River Railin Brisbane, which is currently under construction and scheduled to open in 2026, will have platform screen doors on the newBoggo Road,WoolloongabbaandAlbert Streetunderground stations, and the new underground platforms ofRoma Street.[21]

Austria

[edit]

Currently, only theSerfaus U-Bahnuses platform screen doors. Line U2 of theVienna U-Bahnis being reconstructed fromSchottentor stationtoKarlsplatz station,with the addition of platform screen doors to the reconstructed stations by 2023–2024.[22]

Bangladesh

[edit]

TheDhaka Metro Railuses half-height platform screen doors at all of its elevated stations.

Belarus

[edit]
Vakzaĺnaja Station on Line 3 of theMinsk Metro

Platform screen doors are being installed on Line 3 of theMinsk Metro,which first opened in late 2020, and will be installed at stations on the later sections of the line.[23]

Brazil

[edit]
Paulista StationonSão Paulo Metro'sLine 4,the first fully automated transit line inLatin America[24]

The Platform Screen Doors are present in theSão Paulo Metrosince 2010, when the Sacomã Station was opened.[25]As of 2019, five of the six lines of theSão Paulo Metrohave the equipment:Line 4 - YellowandLine 15 - Silverhave the equipment installed in all of its stations. The feature is also present in some stations ofLine 2 - Green,Line 3 - RedandLine 5 - Lilac.They are planned to be installed in 41 stations of lines 1, 2 and 3 by the end of 2021,[26]as well as all stations of line 5 by the end of 2020.[27][needs update]

PSDs are also found on thetube stationsof theRITBRT and in theSantos Light Railsince 2016.[28]

Bulgaria

[edit]
Bulgariastationon Line 3 of theSofia MetroinBulgaria

Half-height platform screen doors are in use on all stations of theSofia MetroLine 3.[29]

In 2020, rope-type screen door (RSD) system was installed inVasil Levski Stadium Metro StationandOpalchenska Metro Stationof theSofia MetroLine 1 and Line 2. In total, such rope-type safety barriers will be installed on more 10 of the busiest stations on the Line 1 and 2 of theSofia Metro,providing increased safety for passengers and protecting against accidental falls.[30]

Canada

[edit]

Screen doors are in use at all threeLINK Trainstations and theUnionandPearsonstations along theUnion Pearson Expressroute toToronto Pearson International AirportinMississauga, Ontario.Platform screen doors will be installed at all stations on the forthcomingOntario Line.[31]In addition, as a part of major renovations and expansions to theBloor-Yongeinterchange, platform screen doors will be installed on both Line 1 platforms. The doors will also be installed on the Line 2 platforms onceCBTCsignalling upgrades are made to the line. The addition of such doors at Bloor-Yonge has prompted rumours of a broader system wide rollout, including in the forthcomingScarborough Subway ExtensionandYonge North Subway Extension,though no confirmation or funding has been announced by theToronto Transit Commissionor theGovernment of Ontario.[32]

Greater Montreal's forthcomingRéseau express métropolitain(REM), the 67-kilometre-long driverless complementary suburban rapid transit network opening in five phases between 2023 and 2027[33]will feature screen doors at each of its 26 stations.

With the advent of the REM on the horizon, calls to retrofit platform edge doors in theMontreal Metroto combat delays arising from overcrowding are becoming more common. If full-height doors were to be installed, it may reduce the difficulty in opening station entrance doors at ground level due to the pressure imbalance caused by passing trains.[citation needed]Given that there are two different train door layouts on the Montreal Metro, with the olderMR-73trains having 4 doors on each side of the car, andMPM-10having 3, it is unlikely platform doors will be showing up in the Montreal Metro until the retirement of the MR-73 fleet.

In June 2023, the operator of theVancouver SkyTrain,TransLinkannounced a feasibility study into installing platform screen doors on theExpoandMillenniumlines. Such installation was previously deemed infeasible, due to SkyTrain's diverse fleet and different door positions. However, with the acquisition of theAlstom Mark V trains,which will replace the ageingMark I,the door positions allow for a feasibility study to proceed. The results will be released sometime in 2025.[34]

Chile

[edit]

Platform edge doors are currently in use at Lines3and6of theSantiago Metro,being a novelty in the system.

China Mainland

[edit]

All Chinese metro systems have platform screen doors installed on most of their lines. All stations built after the mid-2000s have some form of platform barrier.Guangzhou Metro Line 2,which opened in 2002, is the first metro system in mainland China to have installed platform screen doors since its completion.[35]The olderGuangzhou Metro Line 1also completed the installation of platform screen doors between 2006 and 2009.[36][37][38]Only theDalian Metrolines 3, 12, and 13,Wuhan Metroline 1 and Changchun Metro lines 3, 4, and 8 have stations without the platform screen doors on their early lines (As of 21 September 2019). However many are starting the process of retrofitting these lines with platform screen gates.

In addition, many BRT systems such as theGuangzhou Bus Rapid Transitare also equipped with platform screen doors. Platform screen doors are also present in some tram and light rail stops such as theXijiao Light rail,Nanjing tramandChengdu tram,as well as somebus rapid transitstops.

Several underground high speed railway stations of theCRHnetwork use platform screen doors set back from the platform edge.

In addition, Fengxian District in Shanghai installed platform gates at a road crossing.

Colombia

[edit]
ATransMileniobus rapid transit station inBogotáwith platform screen doors

Several stations on Bogota'sTransMileniobus rapid transit system use platform screen doors. TheAyacucho Tramin Medellin also has half-height platform doors at every station.

Denmark

[edit]
Deep-level station design atForum StationinCopenhagen Metro

TheCopenhagen Metrouses Westinghouse[39]and Faiveley platform screen doors on all platforms. Full-height doors are used on underground stations while surface level stations have half-height doors (except fromLufthavnenandOrientkaj). Underground stations have had platform doors since opening, while above ground stations on lines 1 and 2 did not initially, and were installed later.

Finland

[edit]

TheHelsinki Metrohad a trial run with Faiveley automatic platform gates installed on a single platform atVuosaari metro stationduring phase one of the project. The doors, which are part of the Siemens metro automation project, were built in 2012. Phase 2 of the project has been delayed due to metro automation technical and safety related testings.[40]The doors were removed in 2015.

France

[edit]
Train atChâteletonParis Métro Line 14
Platform curtains atVanves–Malakoff station

All lines of theVALautomated subway system are equipped with platform screen doors at every station, starting withLillesubways in 1983. Those also includeToulouseandRennesas well as theCDGVALandOrlyvalairport shuttles.

Paris Métro's line14fromSaint-LazaretoBibliothèque François Mitterrandwas inaugurated in 1998 with platform screen doors manufactured byFaiveley Transport.The new stationOlympiadesopened with platform screen doors in June 2007. Lines1and4have been retrofitted with platform edge doors, for full driverless automation effective in 2012 and 2023, respectively. Some stations on Line13have had platform edge doors since 2010 to manage their overcrowding, after tests conducted in 2006.

Since 30 June 2020, a new kind of vertical platform screen doors, calledplatform curtains,are being tested on the platform 2bis ofVanves–Malakoff station(in Paris region) on theTransilien Line Ncommuter rail line. The experiment should end in February 2021.[41]Transiliensaid that they preferred platform curtains to classical screen doors for this line because the positioning of the doors is not the same across therolling stock,and that they plan to install them in other Transilien stations if the experiment is successful.[42]

Germany

[edit]

People movers atFrankfurt International Airport,Munich International Airport andDüsseldorf Airportare equipped with platform screen doors, as well as the suspended monorail inDortmund,calledH-Bahn.Plans are underway to test platform screen doors on theMunich U-Bahnin 2023 and line U5 & U6 will be installed in late 2026.[43]

All stations on the forthcoming line U5 on theHamburg U-Bahnwill feature full-height platform screen doors.

Greece

[edit]

Platform screen doors will be used on the driverlessThessaloniki Metro,[44]which opens in November 2023 and inLine 4ofAthens Metro.

Hong Kong

[edit]

Currently, all heavy rail and medium-capacity railway platforms outside theEast Rail lineare equipped with either platform screen doors or automatic platform gates. On the East Rail line, PSDs are installed only atAdmiralty,Exhibition CentreandHung Homstations. Automatic platform gates have also been installed atRacecourse,Lok Ma Chau,Sha Tin,Sheung Shui,Tai Po MarketandTai Wai.Installation is still in progress or are soon to begin at the remaining stations. Automatic platform gates are currently only used in at-grade and elevated stations, while platform screen doors are used in all underground and some at-grade or elevated stations. None of thelight railplatforms have platform screen doors or automatic platform gates installed.

TheMTR Corporationhad since mid-1996, been studying the feasibility of installing PSDs at the older stations to reduce suicides on the MTR and reduce air-conditioning costs. Platforms 2 and 3 ofChoi Hungwere chosen for the trial due to them being redundant platforms and receiving low numbers of passengers. Platform screen doors of two and a half cars' length were installed on each of the two platforms during the trial in 1996. As the Kwun Tong line trains consisted of eight cars, it was decided that the PSDs were to be removed to allow for smoother train operations.[citation needed]

Tsing Yi station,along with the other stations of Tung Chung line and Airport Express, were the first stations to have PSDs in normal operation in Hong Kong.

With the opening of theTung Chung lineandAirport Express,Hong Kong had its first full-height PSDs fully operational in 1998.

The MTR decided in 1999 to undertake the PSD Retrofitting Programme at 74 platforms of 30 select underground stations on theKwun Tong,Island,andTsuen Wan lines.2,960 pairs of PSDs were ordered from Gilgen Door Systems. Choi Hung became the first station to receive platform screen doors from this programme in August 2001. The Mass Transit Railway became the first metro system in the world to retrofit PSDs on a transit system already in operation.[45]The program was completed in March 2006.[46]All subsequent new stations or platforms installed with PSDs also used those manufactured by Gilgen Door Systems, until the cross-harbour extension of the East Rail Line which used platform screen doors manufactured by Fangda Group.[47]

Sunny Bay station was the first station in Hong Kong to have PEDs.

The opening of theSunny BayandDisneyland Resortstations in 2005 also meant the first platform-edge doors entering operation for the MTR network. These doors are currently the lowest in the entire network of being at around 1.2 m (3 ft 11 in) high, compared to 1.55 m (5 ft 1 in) on the Kwun Tong, Tsuen Wan, Island and Tung Chung lines and 1.7 m (5 ft 7 in) on theTuen MaandSouth Island lines.

In 2006, the MTR began studying ways to introduce barriers at above-ground and at-grade stations, which was considered more complicated as those stations were naturally ventilated and the introduction of full-height platform screen doors would entail the installation of air conditioning systems. In 2008, the corporation decided to install automatic platform gates (APGs) at eight stations (the MTR Corporation Limited and KCR Corporation had been operationally merged since 2007, but KCR stations were not included in this study).[46]The eight stations were retrofitted with APGs in 2011.

From July 2000 to December 2013, the MTR Corporation collected a surcharge of 10centsfrom eachOctopus-paying passenger to help pay for the installation of PSDs and APGs. Over HK$1.15 billion was collected in total.[48]

Platform screen doors were also installed on all platforms of theWest Rail line(now part of theTuen Ma line), then built by theKowloon-Canton Railway Corporation(KCRC) before theMTR–KCR merger.TheMa On Shan linedid not have gates upon opening even though it was built at the same time as the West Rail; they were eventually added from 2014 to 2017 prior to the opening of the first phase of the Tuen Ma line on 14 February 2020.

The installation of platform screen doors in Hong Kong has been effective in reducing railway injuries and service disruptions.[49]

The then-longest set of platform screen doors in the world can be found inEast Tsim Sha Tsui station,where it first served theEast Rail linewhen 12-carMLRtrains were still in service.[50]Following the completion of theKowloon Southern Linkand handing over of the station to theWest Rail line(now part of the Tuen Ma line), the subsequent reduction of train length from 12 to 7 cars caused many of the screen doors to be put out of service, although the trains were lengthened to eight cars in May 2018.

The West Rail line (now part of Tuen Ma line), had all stations installed with APGs, and another constituent line of the Tuen Ma line, the Ma On Shan line, had its final APG installed enter service on 20 December 2017.

The last non-tram/light rail stations in Hong Kong without platform screen doors or gates are all on theEast Rail line,a former KCR line not part of the MTR APG retrofitting programmes. TheKCR Corporationfound it difficult to install APGs because of the wide curves of the platforms and large gaps of their platforms, especially inUniversity,Lo Wu,andMong Kok Eaststation. However, these remaining thirteen stations are all being retrofitted byKabaas part of theSha Tin to Central Linkproject. The APGs are estimated to be at around 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in) high.[51]Adding APGs to the East Rail Line platforms requires platform strengthening with rebars and brackets as the gates, combined with heavy winds, can greatly increase structural load on the platform structure. Also extensive waterproofing work is needed as many of these platforms are directly exposed to the elements.

East Rail line platforms of Hung Hom station

As of May 15, 2022, three stations on the East Rail Line (Hung Hom, Exhibition Centre, Admiralty) are equipped with platform screen doors, while the remaining stations are undergoing retrofitting. The platform screen doors presently in service in the MTR have been supplied by the Swiss manufacturerKaba Gilgen,the JapaneseNabtesco Corporation(under the Nabco brand), the FrenchFaiveley Transportand Shenzhen Fangda Automatic System.

Apart from the MTR, all stations on theHong Kong International AirportAutomated People Moverare equipped with platform screen doors made fromWestinghouse(for Phase 1)[52]and Panasonic (for Midfield Extension).[53]The platforms for the shuttle bus service between theNorth Satellite Concourseand the East Hall of Terminal One at the HKIA, Chek Lap Kok, the New Territories and the bus platforms inYue Man Squarein Kwun Tong, New Kowloon[54]are also retrofitted with PSDs. After it reopened on 27 August 2022, thePeak Tramwas retrofitted with platform edge doors on the boarding side of the terminus stations.

India

[edit]

On theDelhi Metro,all stations on theDelhi Airport Metro Expressline, which links toIndira Gandhi International Airporthave been equipped with full-height platform screen doors since 2011 and the six busiest stations on theYellow Linehave also been equipped with half height platform gates.[55][56]Automatic platform gates on all the stations of thePink,Magenta LineandGrey Line.

Platform screen doors are also used in all underground stations of theChennai Metro.[57]

There are platform screen doors in all elevated stations ofKolkata Metro Line 2.Platform screen doors will be introduced in underground stations of Kolkata Metro Line 2,Kolkata Metro Line 3,Kolkata Metro Line 6.There are plans to install platform screen doors also inKolkata Metro Line 1.[58]

All the stations of under-constructionHyderabad Airport Express Metrowill have a provision of half-height platform screen doors (PSD) for improved passenger safety.[59]On theNamma MetroinBangalore,platform doors will be installed for its phase II operations and is expected to be completed by 2019.[60]TheElectronic City metro stationin southern Bengaluru, on theYellow Line,will be the first Namma Metro station to have platform screen doors installed.[61]

On theMumbai Metro,all lines being made byMMRDAwill have half-height platform screen doors on all elevated stations and full-height platform screen doors in the underground stations, as the trains used in these lines have aGoA level 4,and also to reduce risk of passenger deaths by overcrowding. InLine 2A, The Yellow Line,Line 7A, The Red LineandLine 3, the Aqua line,will have full-height platform screen doors, as the line is fully underground, and like the MMRDA lines above, will have GoA level 4 (Unattended train operation).[62][63][64][65]

All underground stations on thePune Metrowill have platform screen doors.[66]

Indonesia

[edit]

TheSoekarno–Hatta Airport Skytrain,opened in 2017, has full-height platform screen doors. TheJakarta MRT,opened in 2019, has full-height PSDs in underground stations and half-height PSDs in elevated stations. TheJakarta LRT,opened in 2019, has half-height PSDs. TheGreater Jakarta LRT,which opened in 2023, has half-height platform screen doors.[67]PSDs are used in someTransJakartabus stops, but they are often broken and have to be turned off.[68][69]

Ireland

[edit]

The futureDublin MetroLinkshall have platform screen doors.[citation needed]

Israel

[edit]
Full-height doors at the Yehudit station on Tel Aviv Light Rail

The underground stations on theRed Lineon theTel Aviv Light Railhave full height Platform screen doors. Also, Elifelet, Shenkar and Kiryat Arye stations have half-height Platform screen doors.

Italy

[edit]

Platform screen doors are used in most newly built rapid transit lines and systems of new construction inItaly.PSDs are present onTurin Metro,theVenice People Mover,thePerugia Minimetrò,theBrescia Metro,Line 5of theMilan Metro,Marconi ExpressBologna,Pisa Mover(linking Pisa airport and Pisa Centrale station) andLine Cof theRome Metro.

Japan

[edit]
Full-height doors onTokyo Metro Namboku LineandToei Mita Line
Platform screen doors at theŌsaka Station

TheTokyo MetroandToei Subwaybegan using barriers with the 1991 opening of theNamboku Line(which has full-height platform screen doors), and subsequently installed automatic platform gates on theMita,Marunouchi,andFukutoshinlines. Some railway lines, including the subway systems inSapporo,Sendai,Nagoya,Osaka,Kyoto,andFukuoka,also utilize barriers to some extent.

In August 2012, the Japanese government announced plans to install barriers at stations used by 100,000 or more people per day, and theMinistry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourismallotted 36 million yen ($470,800) for research and development of the system the 2011-2012 fiscal year. A difficulty was the fact that some stations are used by different types of trains with different designs, making barrier design a challenge.[70]

As of November 2012,only 34 of 235 stations with over 100,000 users per day were able to implement the plan. The ministry stated that 539 of approximately 9,500 train stations across Japan have barriers. Of the Tokyo Metro stations, 78 of 179 have some type of platform barrier.[71][needs update]

In 2018, automatic platform gates were installed on theSōbu Rapid Lineplatforms atShin-Koiwa.As the line's trains are 300 m (980 ft) long, the set of platform gates broke the world record for the longest platform doors atEast Tsim Sha Tsui stationin Hong Kong.[72][73]

In March 2023, the underground facilities at Osaka Station (nicknamedUme-kitaduring planning and construction) opened. The platforms for the Haruka and Kuroshio limited express services have movable full-screen automated platform doors that cover the entire platform from the edge to the ceiling and such doors are the first of its kind.[14][74]

Malaysia

[edit]

Platform screen doors (PSD) are installed at all undergroundKelana Jaya Linestations, fromAmpang ParktoMasjid Jamek,Kajang Line,fromMuzium NegaratoMaluristations andPutrajaya Line,fromSentul BarattoChan Sow Lin.The automated announcement message reading "For safety reasons, please stand behind the yellow line" in bothEnglishandMalaylanguages are also heard before the train arrived at all stations.

There are also platform screen doors (PSD) on theKLIA EkspresatKuala Lumpur SentralandKLIAstations. Both stations atKLIA Aerotrainalso have platform screen doors.

The Platform screen gates (PSG) also have been installed in all elevated and subsurface stations of theKajang Line,KL MonorailandPutrajaya Line.

Platform screen doors on theEcovíaBRT system in Monterrey

Mexico

[edit]
Platform screen doors at aGuadalajara Macrobússtation

Platform screen doors are present at various bus rapid transit systems in Mexico, such as at the stations of the GuadalajaraMacrobúsand theEcovíasystem of Monterrey. Platform screen doors can be seen as well on theAerotrén,an airport people mover atMexico City International Airport.No metros in Mexico currently use any type of barrier however.

Pakistan

[edit]

TheLahore Metroutilises half-height platform edge doors at elevated stations and full-height platform screen doors at underground stations. Manybus rapid transitsystems have full-height platform screen doors installed, including theLahore Metrobus,Rawalpindi-Islamabad Metrobus,Multan Metrobus,TransPeshawar,andKarachi Breeze.

Philippines

[edit]

Half-height platform screen doors shall be installed on theNorth–South Commuter Railway,[75]while full-height platform screen doors shall be installed on theMetro Manila Subway.[76]The system is sought to open in stages between 2023 and 2025.

Peru

[edit]
Platform screen doors in use on Line 2 of the Lima Metro.

Full-height platform screen doors will be used in underground stations of Line 2 of theLima Metro,which opened in 2023.[77][needs update]

Qatar

[edit]

Platform screen doors are in use in all stations of theDoha Metro.[78]They are also found on theLusail tram.

Romania

[edit]

Platform screen doors shall be used on the futureCluj-Napoca Metro.[citation needed]

Russia

[edit]

Park Pobedy(Russian: Парк Победы) is a station of theSaint Petersburg Metrothat was the first station in the world with platform doors. The station was opened in 1961. Later, nine more stations of this type were built inLeningrad(nowadaysSaint Petersburg):Petrogradskaya(Russian: Петроградская),Vasileostrovskaya(Russian: Василеостровская),Gostiny Dvor(Russian: Гостиный двор),Mayakovskaya(Russian: Маяковская),Ploshchad Alexandra Nevskogo I(Russian: Площадь Александра Невского-1),Moskovskaya(Russian: Московская),Yelizarovskaya(Russian: Елизаровская),Lomonosovskaya(Russian: Ломоносовская), andZvyozdnaya(Russian: Звёздная).

There was an electronic device to ensure that the train stopped with its doors adjacent to the platform doors; they were installed so that driverless trains could eventually be used on the lines.[79]Line 2 uses GoA2automatic train operationto make this easier, however, Line 3 does not. Unlike other platform screen doors, which are lightweight units with extensive glazing installed on a normal platform edge, the St Petersburg units give the appearance of a solid wall with heavyweight doorways and solid steel sliding doors, similar to a bank of elevators in a large building, and the train cannot be seen entering from the platform; passengers become familiar with the sound alone to indicate a train arrival.

In May 2018, two other similar stations were opened:Novokrestovskaya (now Zenit)andBegovaya.Unlike the first ten stations that were built, these stations utilize glass screen doors, allowing the train to be seen entering from the platform, like most other systems. It is unclear why platform doors were installed here as they are absent in all other metros in Russia, theCIS(except that of Minsk, shown above), or the formerEastern bloc(excluding Sofia, also shown above, albeit on a line with equipment incompatible with that of the typical Eastern bloc metro).

The only other platform doors in Russia are found on theSheremetyevo International Airportpeople mover.

Saudi Arabia

[edit]

TheAl Mashaaer Al Mugaddassah Metro linein Mecca uses full platform screen doors, theRiyadh Metrowhich will open in Early 2024 will have platform screen doors

Serbia

[edit]

The futureBelgrade Metrowill have platform screen doors in some stations.[citation needed]

Singapore

[edit]

TheMass Rapid Transit(MRT) was the firstrapid transitsystem in Asia to incorporate platform screen doors in its stations in 1987.[80]Full height PSDs mainly manufactured byWestinghouseare installed at all underground MRT and sub-surface stations, while half-height platform screen doors were retrofitted into all elevated stations by March 2012. TheLRT stationsatBukit Panjang,SengkangandPunggollack physical doors, only barriers with openings where the doors go (excluding the now-closedTen Mile Junction station,which had full height doors) and vary in size according to their location on the platform.[citation needed]

There are two variants of the full-height platform screen doors in use. The first variant, made by Westinghouse, was installed at all underground stations along theNorth South lineand theEast West linefrom 1987 to the completion of the initial system in 1990. The second variant incorporating more glass on the doors has since been used on all lines thereafter.[citation needed]

Considered a novelty at the time of its installation, platform screen doors were introduced primarily to minimise hefty air-conditioning costs, especially since elevated stations are not air-conditioned and are much more economical to run in comparison.[7]The safety aspects of these doors became more important in light of high-profile incidents where individuals were injured or killed by oncoming trains.[81]In 2008, authorities began the process of retrofitting existing elevated stations with half-height screen doors.[82]However,Land Transport Authoritystated that the retrofit was not motivated by the need to make the stations safe, "but to prevent system-wide delay and service disruption and to reduce the social cost to all commuters caused by track intrusions."[83]The retrofit was completed in 2012.[84]

South Korea

[edit]

Yongdu stationofSeoul Subway Line 2was the first station on theSeoul Subwayto feature platform screen doors; the station opened in October 2005. By the end of 2009, many of the 289 stations operated bySeoul Metrohad platform doors by Hyundai Elevator.[85]Seoul Metro Lined1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8and9were equipped with platform screen doors. Most of the stations operated byKorailhave completed installation, but some of the stations are not yet equipped with platform screen doors. All stations inSouth Korea(except forDorasan Station) will have platform screen doors by 2023.[86][needs update]As of 2017, 100% of subway stations are equipped with platform screen doors inDaejeon,Gwangju,Busan,IncheonandDaegu.[87]

The platform screen doors, installed inMunyang stationinDaegu Metro Line 2byThe Korea Transport Institutein 2013, have a unique rope-based platform screen named Rope type Platform Safety Door (RPSD).[88]A door sets of rope blocks separate the platform from the rails. When the train arrives, the rope screen door sets are vertically opened and allow passenger boarding to and from the train. This RPSD was also used inNokdong stationonGwangju Metro Line 1,but was removed in 2012, and a new full-height platform screen door was installed in 2016 instead.

Spain

[edit]
Station ofL9InBarcelona Metro

Half platform screens were installed first inProvença FGC station(Barcelona) around 2003. Later doors were tested onBarcelona Metro line 11before fitting them on all stations for the newlines 9and10,which operate driverless.[citation needed]Platform screen doors were also trialed on four stations ofline 12 (MetroSur)of theMadrid Metrofrom November 2009 until January 2010.[89]Platform doors are also found on theMadrid Barajas Airport People MoveratAdolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airportand theSeville Metro line 1light metro.

Sweden

[edit]

Stockholm commuter railhas platform doors on two underground stations opened in July 2017, as part of theStockholm City Line.[90]TheStockholm Metrowill test platform doors atÅkeshov metro stationin 2015 andBagarmossen metro stationin 2021, the metro stations includingKungsträdgården metro station-NackaKungsträdgården metro station-Hagsätra metro stationwill have platform screen doors when it is completed between 2026 and 2030.[91]As there are multiple door layouts in use on the Stockholm Metro (a full-lengthC20having 21 doors on each side, and the older Cx series and newerC30having 24), it is unlikely platform doors will be common anytime soon. The undergroundLiseberg stationin Gothenburg has platform doors which were built before its opening 1993. The reason was safety against the freight trains that go in this tunnel. These doors are built one meter from the platform edge and do therefore not restrict the train type.

Switzerland

[edit]
The M2Lausanne Gare station showing one of the steeply graded platforms

Zurich International Airport'sSkymetroshuttle between the main building (hosting terminals A and B) and the detached terminal E has glass screen doors separating the tracks from the passenger hall platforms at both ends. Lausanne Metro's Line M2has glass screen doors at every station, including a rare instance where platform doors are installed on a slanted surface, as the line was previously a funicular.

Taiwan

[edit]
Automatic Platform screen doors on the platform of theTamsui-Xinyi LineinMRT Taipei Main Station

OnTaipei Metro,platform screen doors were first installed on theWenhu line(then known as Muzha line) in 1996. Older high-capacity MRT lines (Tamsui-Xinyi Line,Songshan-Xindian Line,Zhonghe-Xinlu line,and theBannan Line) were initially constructed without platform screen doors but have now been retrofitted with automatic platform gates since 2018. Newer stations, on theXinyi Line (part of the Tamsui-Xinyi Line),Luzhou and Xinzhuang Line (part of the Zhonghe-Xinlu Line),Songshan Line (part of the Songshan-Xindian Line),Circular line,andpart of the Bannan Line'sDingpu StationandTaipei Nangang Exhibition Center Station) are constructed with platform screen doors. The Circular Line have installed platform screen doors since opening, butDanhai Light Raildid not, as is typical for most street railways to not have platform doors.

OnKaohsiung Metro,all underground stations have installed platform screen doors, while elevated stations did not.Daliao Stationinstalled half-height platform screen doors in 2020.

OnTaoyuan MetroandTaichung Metro,all elevated stations installed half-height platform screen doors while underground stations installed full-height platform screen doors.

Thailand

[edit]
Sala Daengsky train station, Silom, Bangkok

Platform screen doors were first installed on theBTS SkytrainandBangkok MRTSystems, followed by the Airport Rail Link System in Makkasan Station (Express Platform) and Suvarnabhumi Station (both City and Express Line platforms). BTS Skytrain system first installed the platform screen doors at Siam Station, later upgrading other busy stations. Today, almost all stations on the Bangkok Electrified Rail System have installed platform screen doors to prevent people from falling onto the tracks. The BTS Skytrain has installed PSDs at 18 out of its 44 stations. PSDs have been installed at all of the stations on the Purple and Blue Lines of the Bangkok MRT system. Airport Rail Link has installed a stainless steel barrier to prevent people from falling, but has not installed full-height doors due to concerns that the high speed of the trains could break the glass[citation needed].All new stations in Bangkok must install platform screen doors.

Turkey

[edit]


Platform doors are found on Istanbul Metro linesM5,M7,M8 and M11, all fully driverless. Seyrantepe station on lineM2and F1, F3 and F4 also have platform doors.

  • Line M5 of the Istanbul Metro
    Line M5 of the Istanbul Metro
  • Line M7 of the Istanbul Metro
    Line M7 of the Istanbul Metro

United Arab Emirates

[edit]

Platform screen doors are installed on all the platforms in the fully automatedDubai Metro,as well as on theDubai Airport People Mover,Palm Jumeirah MonorailandDubai Tram(the world's first tram system to feature platform screen doors).

United Kingdom

[edit]
Platform edge doors atWestminster stationon theJubilee Lineof theLondon Underground

TheJubilee Line Extensionproject saw platform edge doors installed on its new stations that were underground, and were produced by Westinghouse.[92]There are plans to install PEDs in existing London Underground stations along theBakerloo,Central,Piccadilly,andWaterloo & Citylines as part ofNew Tube for London.[93]A provision for installing platform edge doors is found on theNorthern line extensionstations, but no doors were installed in the stations when they opened in 2021.[94]

PEDs are present on theGatwick Airport shuttle system,Heathrow Airport Terminal 5 airside people-mover shuttle,Birmingham Airport AirRail Link,Stansted Airport Transit Systemand theLuton DART.

The Elizabeth line, the new cross-city line forLondon(delivered as theCrossrailProject) has platform screen doors on each of the sixteen sub-surface platforms of its central section.[95]Each platform has twenty-seven doors which align with the twenty-seven saloon doors of the newBritish Rail Class 345which operates the service. The doors form a 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) high glass and steel screen the entire length of the platform. The door opening is 2.1 m (6 ft 11 in) wide, and the system includes integrated passenger information and digital advertising screens. The system is unusual in that the trains served are full-sized commuter trains, larger and longer than the trains of metro systems more commonly equipped with platform screen doors. In total, some 4 km of platform screen is provided.

TheGlasgow Subwaywill have half-height screen doors after new rolling stock are introduced in 2023.[96]

United States

[edit]

Platform screen doors are rare in the United States, and are nearly exclusively found on small-scale systems. Honolulu'sSkyline,which began operations in June 2023, is the first and only large-scale publicly-run metro system in the country to feature platform screen doors, with platform gates at every station manufactured byStanley Access Technologies.[97]They are also used by the general-purposeLas Vegas Monorailsystem.

New York City'sMetropolitan Transportation Authorityhas not committed to installing platform screen doors in itssubway system,though it had been considering such an idea since the 1980s.[98]Their installation presents substantial technical challenges, in part because of different placements of doors onNew York City Subway rolling stock.[99]Additionally, the majority of the system cannot accommodate platform doors regardless of door locations, due to factors such as narrow platforms and structurally insufficient platform slabs (seeTechnology of the New York City Subway § Platform screen doors).[100][101]Following a series of incidents during one week in November 2016, in which three people were injured or killed after being pushed into tracks, the MTA started to consider installing platform edge doors for the42nd Street Shuttle.[102]In October 2017, the MTA formally announced that platform screen doors would be installed at theThird Avenuestation on theLtrain as part of apilot program,[103][104]but the pilot was later postponed.[105] Following several pushing incidents, the MTA announced a PSD pilot program at three stations in February 2022: the7and<7>​ trains' platform atTimes Square;theEtrain's platform atSutphin Boulevard–Archer Avenue–JFK Airport;and the Third Avenue station.[106][107]The MTA started soliciting bids from platform-door manufacturers in mid-2022;[108]the doors are planned to be installed starting in December 2023 at a cost of $6 million.[109]Designs for the platform doors were being finalized by June 2023.[110][111]

People movers,systems that ferry passengers across large distances they would otherwise walk, make use of platform screen doors. These systems are common at airports such asHartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International AirportandDenver International Airport.ThePort Authority of New York and New Jerseyuses full height platform screen doors at two of its systems:AirTrain JFKandAirTrain Newark(servingJohn F. Kennedy International AirportandNewark Liberty International Airportrespectively).San Francisco International AirporthasAirTrain,a 6-mile-long line whose stations are fully enclosed with platform screen doors, allowing access to the fully automated people mover.[citation needed]ChicagoO'Hare International Airporthas a people mover system which operates 24 hours a day and is a 2.5 mile long (4 km) line that operates between the four terminals at the airport and parking areas; each station is fully enclosed with platform screen doors allowing access to the fully automated people mover trains.AeroTrainis a 3.78-mile (6.08 km) people mover system atWashington Dulles International AirportinDulles, Virginia,with fully enclosed tracks including platform screen doors. TheUnited States Capitol subway system,a train cart people mover system, uses platform gates.

Venezuela

[edit]

Platform screen doors are in use on theLos Teques Metro.The first station to have screen doors implemented on the system was Guaicaipuro.[112]

Vietnam

[edit]

Platform screen doors will be used on theHo Chi Minh City Metro.[citation needed]

Incidents

[edit]

On theShanghai Metroin 2007, a man forcing his way onto a crowded train became trapped between the train door and platform door as they closed. He was pulled under the departing train and killed.[113]In 2010, a woman in Shanghai'sZhongshan Park Stationwas killed[114]under the same circumstances when she got trapped between the train and platform doors. An almost identical death occurred on theBeijing Subwayin 2014‍—the third death involving platform doors in China within the several years preceding it.[115][116]In 2018, a woman was similarly trapped between the platform doors and train at Shanghai'sBao'an Highway station.She escaped injury by standing still as the train departed.[117]On 22 January 2022, an elderly woman was killed when she got trapped between the train doors and platform screen doors at Shanghai'sQi'an Road Station.[118]

Between 1999 and 2012,London Underground's platform doors, all on theJubilee line,were the cause of 75 injuries including strikes to peoples' heads and arms.[119]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"What Are Platform Screen Doors?".wiseGEEK.7 February 2022.Archivedfrom the original on 23 February 2022.Retrieved23 February2022.
  2. ^US 915122A,Shute, Charles S, "Safety fence and gate for railway-platforms.", issued 1908-05-26Archived29 September 2021 at theWayback Machine
  3. ^USA Patent Office (1872).Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office.U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 8-PA536.Archivedfrom the original on 23 January 2023.Retrieved31 December2020.
  4. ^US 1259060A,West, C. A., "Gate for subrailways and the like.", issued 1917-06-22Archived24 August 2021 at theWayback Machine
  5. ^Electric Traction.Kenfield-Davis Publishing Company. 1919. p. 314.Archivedfrom the original on 23 January 2023.Retrieved31 December2020.
  6. ^ab"Platform screen doors".Metrobits.Archivedfrom the original on 24 January 2021.Retrieved30 September2021.
  7. ^abcdef"Platform Screen Doors: No barrier to success".Intelligent Transport.19 April 2007.Archivedfrom the original on 25 September 2019.Retrieved25 September2019.
  8. ^"Mind the Gap".Railway Technology.9 February 2009.Archivedfrom the original on 30 September 2021.Retrieved30 September2021.
  9. ^"Lille VAL".Railway Technology.Archivedfrom the original on 30 September 2021.Retrieved30 September2021.
  10. ^"DIY railway litter patrol banned".BBC News.26 May 2006.Archivedfrom the original on 29 December 2006.Retrieved27 September2019.
  11. ^Abdurrahman, Usman; Jack, Anson; Schmid, Felix (January 2018)."Effects of platform screen doors on the overall railway system".ResearchGate.researchgate.net.Retrieved21 May2024.
  12. ^PDF on the issue (London Underground):Personal Exposure and Air Quality in NorthbankArchived28 November 2018 at theWayback Machine
  13. ^"Manusa - website on Automatic Platform Gate".Archived fromthe originalon 26 August 2016.Retrieved16 November2010.
  14. ^ab"Train Station to Install Latest Type of Sliding Platform Screen Doors | February 2022 | Highlighting Japan".www.gov-online.go.jp.Retrieved20 May2023.
  15. ^"Industry's First Variable Pitch Platform Screen Door".blog.agilsmartcities.com.Retrieved20 May2023.
  16. ^Plan de modernización del Subterráneo de Buenos AiresArchived8 March 2021 at theWayback Machine– Buenos Aires Ciudad
  17. ^Piccardo presentó en Brasil el Plan de Modernización del SubteArchived12 June 2022 at theWayback Machine– EnElSubte, 18 September 2015.
  18. ^"Licitan nuevo señalamiento para la línea D".EnElSubte(in European Spanish). 22 June 2016.Archivedfrom the original on 11 June 2022.Retrieved7 July2016.
  19. ^"Australia's Biggest Public Transport Project | Sydney Metro".Sydney Metro.Archivedfrom the original on 24 June 2022.Retrieved29 September2021.
  20. ^Preiss, Benjamin; Mannix, Liam (12 May 2016)."Cue new screen doors at Metro rail stations, but you will need new queuing technique".The Age.Archivedfrom the original on 29 September 2017.Retrieved29 October2017.
  21. ^Ong, Sing Yee (16 April 2021)."ST Engineering enters Australia rail market with Queensland's Cross River Rail contract win".Business Times.Archivedfrom the original on 11 June 2022.Retrieved23 October2021.
  22. ^"Wie der U2-Tunnel zwischen Volkstheater und Rathaus ausgeweidet wird".DER STANDARD(in Austrian German).Archivedfrom the original on 22 May 2022.Retrieved7 August2021.
  23. ^"Platform screen doors installed in Minsk metro".TV channel «Belarus 24».Archivedfrom the original on 29 September 2021.Retrieved6 March2020.
  24. ^"Linha 4-Amarela é eleita a melhor pelos paulistanos | ViaQuatro".Archivedfrom the original on 21 April 2022.Retrieved1 November2019.
  25. ^"Serra inaugura estação Sacomã do Metrô".Governo do Estado de São Paulo.30 January 2010.Archivedfrom the original on 14 May 2021.Retrieved29 September2021.
  26. ^"Governo de SP contrata instalação de portas de plataforma do Metrô".Governo do Estado de São Paulo.12 June 2019.Archivedfrom the original on 13 June 2022.Retrieved29 September2021.
  27. ^"Portas de Plataforma em toda a linha 5 Lilás serão entregues até 2020, diz Pelissioni".31 August 2018.Archivedfrom the original on 13 June 2022.Retrieved1 November2019.
  28. ^"EMTU conclui instalação de portas plataforma em estação do VLT".7 November 2016.Archivedfrom the original on 12 June 2022.Retrieved1 November2019.
  29. ^"Sofia awards metro contract to Siemens and Newag".International Railway Journal.15 March 2016.Archivedfrom the original on 16 June 2022.Retrieved17 December2019.
  30. ^"Фандъкова: Готови са автоматичните предпазни врати на метростанция" Опълченска "- Труд".trud.bg.Archivedfrom the original on 21 June 2022.Retrieved29 September2021.
  31. ^"Metrolinx - Trains and Technology".
  32. ^"TTC will install platform edge doors on Line 1 platform at Bloor-Yonge Station as part of $1.5B overhaul".2 June 2023.
  33. ^"First day of REM service and first delays".31 July 2023.
  34. ^"TransLink studying platform screen doors for SkyTrain stations | Urbanized".
  35. ^"Quảng châu địa thiết nhị hào tuyến tứ hạng kỹ thuật quốc nội thủ sang".Nam phương nhật báo.17 December 2003. Archived fromthe originalon 22 October 2021.Retrieved22 October2021– via tân lãng tân văn.
  36. ^"Quảng châu địa thiết 1 hào tuyến gia trang tân thức bình tế môn bảo chướng thừa khách an toàn ( đồ )_ tân văn trung tâm _ tân lãng võng".news.sina.com.cn.Retrieved1 March2024.
  37. ^"Hoàng sa trạm bình tế môn kim khải dụng _ tân văn trung tâm _ tân lãng võng".news.sina.com.cn.Retrieved1 March2024.
  38. ^"Quảng châu địa thiết tuyến lộ toàn bộ an trang bình tế môn - sưu hồ tân văn".news.sohu.com.Retrieved1 March2024.
  39. ^"WPSD Platform Screen Door System - Case Study".Platformscreendoors.com. Archived fromthe originalon 26 June 2008.Retrieved1 August2009.
  40. ^"Vuosaari platform doors introduced on 15 February".HKL.17 February 2012. Archived fromthe originalon 13 May 2013.Retrieved20 March2012.
  41. ^"Vanves-Malakoff: les rideaux de quais bientôt en action!".Le blog des Lignes N et U - Transilien.29 June 2020. Quand seront-ils en fonctionnement?.Archivedfrom the original on 1 July 2020.Retrieved1 July2020.
  42. ^"Vanves-Malakoff: les rideaux de quais bientôt en action!".Le blog des Lignes N et U - Transilien.29 June 2020. Comment les rideaux de quais fonctionnent-ils?.Archivedfrom the original on 1 July 2020.Retrieved1 July2020.
  43. ^muenchen.de."Können Bahnsteigtüren die Sicherheit der U-Bahn erhöhen?".muenchen.de(in German).Archivedfrom the original on 7 August 2021.Retrieved7 August2021.
  44. ^"TECHNICAL CONSULTANT SERVICES FOR THESSALONIKI METRO PROJECTS"(PDF).11 September 2018. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 11 September 2018.Retrieved7 February2020.
  45. ^"LCQ16: Retrofitting of PSDs at MTR stations to be completed by 2006".HKSAR Government Information Centre. 5 January 2005.Archivedfrom the original on 10 March 2012.Retrieved17 June2007.
  46. ^ab"Updated background brief on installation of platform screen doors and automatic platform gates at railway stations"(PDF).Legislative Council. 2 March 2012.Archived(PDF)from the original on 31 October 2019.Retrieved24 December2016.
  47. ^"Thải dụng phương đại quỹ đạo giao thông bình tế môn hệ thống đích hương cảng đông thiết tuyến quá hải đoạn chính thức khai thông".China Fangda Group Co., Ltd.Archived fromthe originalon 6 January 2024.Retrieved6 January2024.
  48. ^Feng, Frank (22 July 2015)."Hong Kong MTR passengers to be spared platform screen door costs".South China Morning Post.Archivedfrom the original on 8 November 2020.Retrieved24 December2016.
  49. ^Law, C.K.; Yip, P.S.F. (30 January 2011). "An economic evaluation of setting up physical barriers in railway stations for preventing railway injury: evidence from Hong Kong".Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health.65(10): 915–920.doi:10.1136/jech.2010.115188.hdl:10072/61569.PMID21282146.S2CID41988348.
  50. ^"Đông thiết bất trang mạc môn bị oanh vi khan tiền"(in Chinese).Apple Daily.4 July 2005.Archivedfrom the original on 20 December 2016.Retrieved6 May2016.
  51. ^"Contracts".Sha Tin to Central Link.MTR Corporation. Archived fromthe originalon 4 March 2016.Retrieved23 November2015.
  52. ^"Knorr-Bremse".www.westinghouse-brakes.com.Archivedfrom the original on 12 March 2020.Retrieved26 September2019.
  53. ^"Shun Hing Systems Integration Co., Ltd".www.shunhingsi.com.Archivedfrom the original on 26 October 2019.Retrieved26 September2019.
  54. ^"Yue Man Square Public Transport Interchange of URA's Kwun Tong Town Centre Project commences operation tomorrow".Archivedfrom the original on 28 January 2022.Retrieved17 May2022.
  55. ^"Media Kit - Airport Express".Reliance Airport Express Metro. Archived fromthe originalon 29 August 2011.Retrieved9 November2011.
  56. ^"Delhi Metro to have driver less trains".Archived fromthe originalon 21 April 2015.
  57. ^Sekar, Sunitha."Platform screen doors to be installed in Metro stations".The Hindu.Archivedfrom the original on 9 August 2020.Retrieved21 May2017.
  58. ^"Metro to get platform screen doors".The Times of India.5 January 2011. Archived fromthe originalon 11 November 2013.Retrieved9 November2011.
  59. ^"Airport Metro to have seating, better aesthetics and an aerodynamic model".The Hindu.8 December 2022.Archivedfrom the original on 11 December 2022.Retrieved11 December2022.
  60. ^Ashok, Sowmiya (1 August 2014)."Delhi Metro to get platform screen doors by Nov. 2015".The Hindu.Archivedfrom the original on 29 September 2021.Retrieved29 September2021– via www.thehindu.com.
  61. ^"Metro stn at E-City will be 1st to have platform screen doors".The Times of India.29 July 2023.ISSN0971-8257.Retrieved31 July2023.
  62. ^"PSD Installation Begins at Mumbai Metro Line-2A's Stations".The Metro Rail Guy.27 February 2021.Archivedfrom the original on 12 April 2021.Retrieved21 April2021.
  63. ^"Alstom Wins Mumbai Metro Line-4's Signaling & PSD Contract".The Metro Rail Guy.19 April 2021.Archivedfrom the original on 19 April 2021.Retrieved21 April2021.
  64. ^"Mumbai Metro Line-7's 1st Platform Screen Door Installed".The Metro Rail Guy.2 March 2021.Archivedfrom the original on 12 April 2021.Retrieved21 April2021.
  65. ^Shah, Narendra (10 December 2018)."Alstom signs signalling, PSD & Telecom contract of Mumbai Metro Line 3".Metro Rail News.Archivedfrom the original on 23 April 2021.Retrieved21 April2021.
  66. ^"Maha Metro invites tender for Supply and Commissioning of Platform Screen Doors System".Rail Analysis India.6 November 2021.Archivedfrom the original on 23 January 2022.Retrieved23 January2022.
  67. ^Farozy, Ikko Haidar (3 May 2021)."Platform Screen Doors: Teknologi Pengamanan Pengguna Jasa Moda Transit Massal".Railway Enthusiast Digest(in Indonesian).Archivedfrom the original on 20 January 2022.Retrieved20 May2022.
  68. ^Fasubkhanali (24 February 2019)."Wujud 'Platform Screen Doors' Baru di Halte Transjakarta Karet".KAORI Nusantara(in Indonesian).Archivedfrom the original on 20 May 2022.Retrieved20 May2022.
  69. ^Bimoprasetyo (27 March 2019)."Halte Transjakarta Bundaran HI Kembali Beroperasi".KAORI Nusantara(in Indonesian).Archivedfrom the original on 16 July 2022.Retrieved20 May2022.
  70. ^Asahi ShimbunKeeping commuters safe; mobile station barriers 20 October 2011Archived11 November 2013 at theWayback Machine
  71. ^Ushijima, Kota (13 November 2012)."Progress stalls on installing platform barriers at train stations nationwide".Daily Yomiuri.Archived fromthe originalon 18 February 2013.Retrieved29 October2017.
  72. ^15 car trains at 20m lengths, totaling approximately 300m
  73. ^"Tân tiểu nham dịch の tổng võ khoái tốc tuyến ホームドア, 2 nguyệt dĩ hàng に trứ công 2018 niên độ sử dụng khai thủy".レスポンス ( Response.jp ).27 January 2017.Archivedfrom the original on 29 September 2021.Retrieved29 September2021.
  74. ^Staff, Salam Groovy Japan (7 July 2022)."New Osaka station to get world's first mobile platform doors in spring 2023 | | Salam Groovy Japan".Retrieved20 May2023.
  75. ^Department of Transportation The Republic of the Philippines (October 2018)."FEASIBILITY STUDY ON THE NORTH SOUTH RAILWAY PROJECT-SOUTH LINE (COMMUTER)(NORTH-SOUTH COMMUTER RAILWAY EXTENSION PROJECT) IN THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES"(PDF).jica.go.jp.Archived(PDF)from the original on 11 April 2021.Retrieved10 June2021.
  76. ^"METRO MANILA SUBWAY PROJECT PHASE 1".Department of Transportation (Philippines).December 2019.Archivedfrom the original on 10 June 2021.Retrieved10 June2021.(Refer to Report CPCP106: E&M SYSTEMS AND TRACK WORKS Volume II of IV PART 2: "EMPLOYER'S REQUIREMENTS" )
  77. ^"Finmeccanica wins a USD 1.2 billion contract for Lima Metro".www.leonardocompany.com.Archivedfrom the original on 8 October 2021.Retrieved8 October2021.
  78. ^"Platform screen doors installed at Metro station".Gulf-Times(in Arabic). 30 March 2018.Archivedfrom the original on 17 December 2019.Retrieved17 December2019.
  79. ^Cooke, B.W.C., ed. (November 1959). "Sliding Doors on Platform Edge".The Railway Magazine.Vol. 105, no. 703. Westminster: Tothill Press. p. 796.
  80. ^Westinghouse Platform Screen Doors - Completed ProjectsArchived13 February 2008 at theWayback Machine
  81. ^NEE, Insight Down South SEAH CHIANG."Suicide rate climbs despite good times".The Star.Archivedfrom the original on 16 July 2022.Retrieved16 July2022.
  82. ^"Platform screen doors for all above-ground MRT stations by 2012".www.asiaone.com.Archivedfrom the original on 16 July 2022.Retrieved16 July2022.
  83. ^Text of [2013] SGHC 286 - BNJ (suing by her lawful father and litigation representative, B) v SMRT Trains Ltd and another is available from:eLitigation
  84. ^"LTA completes installing elevated MRT station screen doors early".CNA.Archivedfrom the original on 16 July 2022.Retrieved16 July2022.
  85. ^"[5678 NEWS] 제4회 부산국제철도 및 물류산업전(RailLog Korea 2009".행복미소 장지역 - Daum 카페.Archivedfrom the original on 29 September 2021.Retrieved29 September2021.
  86. ^잇단 투신에도...국철 스크린도어 설치는 '서행'Hankooki.com (in Korean)Archived14 January 2013 at theWayback Machine
  87. ^문병호 의원, 기존 전철역에도 스크린도어 설치 국비지원을 스크린도어 설치로 인한 자살예방 효과 탁월Archived13 May 2021 at theWayback MachineAsia News Agency (in Korean)
  88. ^노, 진실; 이, 현덕 (5 February 2015)."1225억짜리! 공사 수주전 전국서 군침".Yeongnam Ilbo.Archivedfrom the original on 6 May 2021.Retrieved22 February2021.
  89. ^2009-11-23T17:26:00."Metro de Madrid trials PSDs".Railway Gazette International.Archivedfrom the original on 3 January 2023.Retrieved3 January2023.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  90. ^"Citybanans stationer - Trafikverket".Archived fromthe originalon 11 October 2015.
  91. ^"Fullskaletest av plattformsbarriärer på Bagarmossens tunnelbanestation".Archivedfrom the original on 22 January 2021.Retrieved16 January2021.
  92. ^"Westinghouse Platform Screen Doors".Platformscreendoors.com.Archivedfrom the original on 15 December 2018.Retrieved1 August2009.
  93. ^"New Tube for London Feasibility Report October 2014"(PDF).tfl.gov.uk.Transport for London.October 2014. p. 18. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 30 November 2016.Retrieved12 December2016.
  94. ^Pidgeon, Caroline (10 June 2019)."Platform edge doors on the Northern Line".Mayor's Question Time.Archivedfrom the original on 14 September 2021.Retrieved14 September2021.
  95. ^"Floor-to-ceiling Platform Screen Doors".Crossrail. Archived fromthe originalon 27 February 2021.Retrieved8 February2021.
  96. ^"'Confrontational' talks as Glasgow Subway driverless trains delayed to 2022 ".The Scotsman.11 December 2020.Archivedfrom the original on 12 December 2020.Retrieved22 December2020.
  97. ^"Rail News - HART to install safety gates at 21 rail stations. For Railroad Career Professionals".Progressive Railroading.Archivedfrom the original on 17 January 2023.Retrieved17 January2023.
  98. ^Neuman, William (5 April 2007)."2nd Ave. Subway Platforms May Get Glass Walls and Sliding Doors".The New York Times.ISSN0362-4331.Archivedfrom the original on 22 April 2017.Retrieved12 January2017.
  99. ^"Capitalnewyork.com".www.capitalnewyork.com.Archived fromthe originalon 23 March 2014.
  100. ^Rivoli, Dan (20 January 2022)."Docs show costs and challenges of subway track safety".Spectrum News NY1 | New York City.Archivedfrom the original on 27 January 2022.Retrieved26 January2022.
  101. ^"Politicians call for subway platform gates after fatal New York crimes".Trains.25 January 2022.Archivedfrom the original on 26 January 2022.Retrieved26 January2022.
  102. ^Furfaro, Danielle (15 November 2016)."MTA boss makes another push for subway platform doors".New York Post.Archivedfrom the original on 16 November 2016.Retrieved16 November2016.
  103. ^Barone, Vin (24 October 2017)."Platform door pilot heads to L train station".am New York.Archived fromthe originalon 25 October 2017.Retrieved25 October2017.
  104. ^Furfaro, Danielle (25 October 2017)."MTA to test barrier to stop people from falling on tracks".New York Post.Archivedfrom the original on 25 October 2017.Retrieved25 October2017.
  105. ^Berger, Paul (26 June 2018)."MTA Postpones Platform-Safety Pilot Program".Wall Street Journal.ISSN0099-9660.Archivedfrom the original on 10 January 2021.Retrieved26 June2018.
  106. ^Gold, Michael (23 February 2022)."Subway Will Test Platform Doors at 3 Stations".The New York Times.ISSN0362-4331.Archivedfrom the original on 23 February 2022.Retrieved23 February2022.
  107. ^Brosnan, Erica (23 February 2022)."MTA: Platform barrier pilot program to launch in three stations".Spectrum News NY1 | New York City.Archivedfrom the original on 23 February 2022.Retrieved23 February2022.
  108. ^"MTA Opens Door to Platform Barriers in Three Subway Stations".The City.15 July 2022.Retrieved6 October2022.
  109. ^"Project Details: Platform Screen Doors (PSD) Pilot: 3 Stations".MTA.Retrieved6 October2022.
  110. ^Heyward, Giulia (4 June 2023)."MTA set to install protective platform doors at select subway stations in 'coming months'".Gothamist.Retrieved5 June2023.
  111. ^Troutman, Matt (5 June 2023)."Three NYC Subway Stations Will Get Platform Doors: Report".New York City, NY Patch.Retrieved5 June2023.
  112. ^cugueto (5 June 2013)."Metro Los Teques implementa sistema de seguridad de puertas de andén".MippCI(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on 6 May 2021.Retrieved21 March2021.
  113. ^"Man caught between subway train and safety doors dies in Shanghai".International Herald Tribune.29 March 2009. Archived fromthe originalon 18 August 2007.Retrieved1 August2009.
  114. ^"Woman killed in subway accident in Shanghai".www.chinadaily.com.cn.Archivedfrom the original on 30 September 2011.Retrieved25 January2022.
  115. ^"Beijing subway passengers tried to raise alarm before accident victim was dragged to her death".South China Morning Post.7 November 2014.Archivedfrom the original on 29 September 2021.Retrieved29 September2021.
  116. ^"Passenger crushed to death while trying to board subway train in Beijing-Sino-US".Archived fromthe originalon 18 August 2018.Retrieved11 November2014.
  117. ^Tang, Frank (26 April 2018)."Chinese woman trapped behind subway safety doors as train speeds by".South China Morning Post.Archivedfrom the original on 23 December 2019.Retrieved23 December2019.
  118. ^Quách khải."Woman dies after incident at Shanghai metro".global.chinadaily.com.cn.Archivedfrom the original on 25 January 2022.Retrieved25 January2022.
  119. ^"HTML version of an attachment to the Freedom of Information request 'Safety of platform screen doors'".WhatDoTheyKnow.17 January 2012.Archivedfrom the original on 24 October 2016.Retrieved24 October2016.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Platform_screen_doors&oldid=1234092147"