Polish Socialist Party
 | It has been suggested that this article should besplitinto articles titledPolish Socialist PartyandPolish Socialist Party (1892).(discuss)(March 2023) |
Polish Socialist Party Polska Partia Socjalistyczna | |
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| Abbreviation | PPS |
| President | Wojciech Konieczny |
| Founded |
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| Headquarters | al. Niepodległości 161 lok. 2 Warsaw |
| Ideology | Democratic socialism Anti-fascism[1] Progressivism[2] Pro-Europeanism[3] |
| Political position | Left-wing |
| National affiliation | The Left |
| Colours | Red |
| Anthem | The Standard of Revolt |
| Sejm | 0 / 460 |
| Senate | 1 / 100 |
| European Parliament | 0 / 52 |
| Regional assemblies | 0 / 552 |
| City Presidents | 0 / 107 |
| Party flag | |
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| Website | |
| ppspl | |
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| Timeline ofPolishsocialist/social democraticpartiesafter 1986 |
| •Polish Socialist Party(1987–) •Polish Social Democratic Union(1990–1992) •Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland(1990–1999) •Democratic-Social Movement(1991–1992) •Labour Union(1992–) •National Party of Retirees and Pensioners(1994–) •Democratic Left Alliance(1999–2021) •Reason Party(2002–2013) •Social Democracy of Poland(2004–) •Freedom and Equality(2005–) •Polish Left(2008–) •Left Together(2015–) •Spring(2019–2021) •New Left(2021–) |
ThePolish Socialist Party(Polish:Polska Partia Socjalistyczna,PPS) is asocialistpolitical party in Poland.
It was one of the most important parties in Poland from its inception in 1892 until its merger with the communistPolish Workers' Partyto form thePolish United Workers' Partyin 1948.Józef Piłsudski,founder of theSecond Polish Republic,belonged to and later led the PPS in the early 20th century.
The party was re-established in 1987, near the end of thePolish People's Republic.However, it remained in the margins of Polish politics until 2019, when it was able to win a seat in theSenate of Poland.
History
[edit]The PPS was founded inParisin 1892 (see theGreat Emigration). In 1893 the party calledSocial Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania,(SDKPiL), emerged from the PPS, with the PPS being more nationalist and oriented towards Polish independence, and the SDKPiL being more revolutionary and communist. In November 1892 the leading personalities of the PPS agreed on a political program. The program, largely progressive for the time of its creation, accented: independent Republic of Poland based on democratic principles, direct universalvoting rights,equal rights for all nations living in Poland, equal rights for all citizens, regardless of race, nationality, religion and gender,freedom of press,speech,andassembly,progressive taxation,eight-hour workday,minimum wage,equal wages for men and women, ban onchild labour(till age 14),free education,and social support in case ofinjuryin the workplace.[4]
After theRevolution of 1905in theRussian Empire,the party membership drastically increased from several hundred active members to a mass movement of about 60,000 members.[5]Another split in the party occurred in 1906, with theRevolutionary FactionfollowingJózef Piłsudski,who supported the nationalist and independence ideals, and theLeft factionwhich allied itself with the SDKPiL. However, the Revolutionary Faction became dominant and renamed itself back again to the PPS, while the Left was eclipsed, and in 1918 merged with SDKPiL forming theCommunist Party of Poland.In 1917-18 the party participated in theCentral Council of Ukraineand theGovernment of Ukraine.
During theSecond Polish Republic,the PPS at first supportedJózef Piłsudski,including hisMay Coup,but later moved into the opposition to his authoritarianSanacjaregime by joining the democratic 'centrolew' (center-left) opposition movement. Many PPS leaders and members were put ontrialby Piłsudski's regime and jailed in the infamousBereza Kartuska prison.
The party was a member of theLabour and Socialist Internationalbetween 1923 and 1940.[6]
The party supported thePolish resistanceduringWorld War IIas the undergroundPolish Socialist Party – Freedom, Equality, Independence(Polska Partia Socjalistyczna – Wolność, Równość, Niepodległość). In 1948 it suffered a fatal split, as theCommunistsapplied thesalami tacticsto dismember any opposition. One faction, which includedEdward Osóbka-Morawskiwanted to join forces with thePolish Peasant Partyand form a united front against the Communists. Another faction, led byJózef Cyrankiewicz,argued that theSocialistsshould support the Communists in carrying through a socialist program while opposing the imposition of one-party rule. Pre-war political hostilities continued to influence events, andStanisław Mikołajczyk,leader of the Peasant Party, would not agree to form a united front with the Socialists. The Communists played on these divisions by dismissing Osóbka-Morawski and making Cyrankiewicz the Prime Minister.
In 1948, Cyrankiewicz's faction ofSocialistsmerged with the CommunistPolish Workers' Party(PPR) to form thePolish United Workers' Party(Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza;PZPR), the ruling party in thePeople's Republic of Poland;remnants of the other faction survived on emigration in thePolish government-in-exileand because of that Polish Socialist Party was still active on emigration. Cyrankiewicz's faction isn't really treated as proper PPS.
Refoundation and present
[edit]A new party with the same name, which seeks to carry on the tradition of the original PPS, was established by left-wing opposition figures such asJan Józef Lipskiin 1987. However, the new PPS remains a marginal group within the political landscape of theThird Republic,having representation in theSejmonly between 1993 and 2001. However, in the2019 Polish parliamentary electionthe PPS saw its leaderWojciech Koniecznyelected to theSenate of Polandunder the banner ofThe Left.[7]Other members of theSejmand the Senate later joined the PPS, which currently has two deputies and two senators.
Its main propaganda outlet was theRobotnik('The Worker') newspaper. The current party published theNowy Robotnik( "The New Worker" ), a continuation of the original publication, from 2003 to 2006.
On 16 November 2020, the party founded its first foreign branch in theUnited Kingdom,in the city ofCoventry,[8]home to aBritish Polishpopulation founded byPolish Army Exiles.[9]
On the 25 June 2022, factions of the party formed an alliance withSocial Democracy of Poland,Freedom and Equality,Labour UnionandPolish Leftto compete in thenext Polish parliamentary election.The alliance also included theFeminist Initiative,theDemocratic Left Association(SLD), and the Working People's Movement.[10]In February 2023, after an internal conflict,[11]PPS, together with theLabour Union,re-joinedThe Left.[12]
Ideology
[edit]It historically advocated for a mix ofsocialismandnationalism,[13][14]and was considered to be on theleft-wingon the political spectrum.[15][16]They opposedBolshevism,and more favoredMensheviks.[17]Recently, the party has self-declared itself as ademocratic socialistforce; it was also described as a leftist party with a strong emphasis on democracy by their parliamentary leaderWojciech Konieczny.[18]
Election results
[edit]Sejm
[edit]| Year | Popular vote | % of vote | Seats | +/– | Government |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1919 | 515,062 | 9.2(#4) | 35 / 394
|
New | Coalition(1919) |
| Opposition(1919-1920) | |||||
| Coalition(1920-1921) | |||||
| Opposition(1921-1922) | |||||
| 1922 | 906,537 | 10.3(#5) | 41 / 444
|
 6
|
Opposition(1922-1925) |
| Coalition(1925-1926) | |||||
| Opposition(1926) | |||||
| Coalition(1926-1928) | |||||
| 1928 | 1,482,097 | 13.0(#2) | 64 / 444
|
23
|
Opposition |
| 1930 | 1,965,864 | 17.3(#2) | 23 / 444
|
 41
|
Opposition |
| As part of theCentrolewcoalition, which won 79 seats in total. | |||||
| 1935 | Boycotted | 0 / 206
|
23
|
Extra-parliamentary | |
| 1938 | Boycotted | 0 / 208
|
 0
|
Extra-parliamentary | |
| 1947 | 9,003,682 | 26.13 (#1) | 116 / 444
|
116
|
Coalition |
| As part of theDemocratic Bloccoalition, which won 394 seats in total.[note 1] | |||||
| 1991 | 230,975 | 2.1(#13) | 0 / 460
|
116
|
Extra-parliamentary |
| As part of theLabour Solidaritycoalition, which won 4 seats in total. | |||||
| 1993 | 2,815,169 | 20.4(#1) | 4 / 460
|
4
|
Coalition |
| As part of theDemocratic Left Alliancecoalition, which won 171 seats in total. | |||||
| 1997 | 3,551,224 | 27.1(#2) | 3 / 460
|
1
|
Opposition |
| As part of theDemocratic Left Alliancecoalition, which won 164 seats in total. | |||||
| 2001 | 13,459 | 0.1(#11) | 0 / 460
|
3
|
Extra-parliamentary |
| 2005 | 91,266 | 0.8(#11) | 0 / 460
|
0
|
Extra-parliamentary |
| As part of thePolish Labour Partycommittee, which won no seats. | |||||
| 2007 | 160,476 | 1.0(#7) | 0 / 460
|
0
|
Extra-parliamentary |
| As part of thePolish Labour Partycommittee, which won no seats. | |||||
| 2015 | 1,147,102 | 7.6(#5) | 0 / 460
|
0
|
Extra-parliamentary |
| As part of theUnited Leftcoalition, which won no seats. | |||||
| 2019 | 2,319,946 | 12.6(#3) | 0 / 460
|
0
|
Extra-parliamentary |
| As part ofThe Leftcoalition, which won 49 seats in total. | |||||
| 2023 | 1,859,018 | 8.6(#4) | 0 / 460
|
0
|
Extra-parliamentary |
| As part ofThe Leftcoalition, which won 26 seats in total. | |||||
Senate
[edit]| Year | Popular vote | % of vote | Seats | Seat change |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1922 | 468,147 | 8.4(#5) | 7 / 111
|
n/a |
| 1928 | 715,556 | 11.2(#3) | 10 / 111
|
3
|
| 1930 | As part ofCentrolewcoalition, which won 13 seats in total. | |||
| 1935 | Boycotted | |||
| 1938 | Boycotted | |||
| 1993 | 4,993,061 | 35.7(#1) | 1 / 100
|
1
|
| As part of theDemocratic Left Alliancecoalition, which won 37 seats in total. | ||||
| 1997 | 6,091,721 | 45.7(#2) | 3 / 100
|
2
|
| As part of theDemocratic Left Alliancecoalition, which won 28 seats in total. | ||||
| 2001 | 131,987 | 0.5(#11) | 0 / 100
|
3
|
| 2019 | 415,745 | 2.3(#4) | 1 / 100
|
1
|
| As part ofThe Leftcoalition, which won 2 seats in total. | ||||
Presidential
[edit]| Second Polish Republic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Election year | Candidate | 1st round | 2nd round | ||
| votes | % | votes | % | ||
| 1922 | Ignacy Daszyński | 49 | 9.1(#5) | 1 | 0.2(#5) |
| 1926 | SupportedJózef Piłsudski[note 2] | 292 | 60.2(#1) | ||
| 1926 | Zygmunt Marek | 56 | 11.6(#3) | 1 | 0.2(#3) |
| Third Polish Republic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Election year | Candidate | 1st round | 2nd round | ||
| # of overall votes | % of overall vote | # of overall votes | % of overall vote | ||
| 1995 | Supported Tadeusz Zieliński | 631,432 | 3.5(#6) | ||
| 2000 | Piotr Ikonowicz | 38,672 | 0.2(#10) | ||
| 2005 | SupportedDaniel Podrzycki[note 3] | ||||
| 2020 | SupportedRobert Biedroń | 432,129 | 2.2(#6) | ||
European Parliament
[edit]| Year | Popular vote | % of vote | Seats |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2004 | 48,667 | 0.80 | 0 / 54
|
| As part ofKPEiR-PLD coalition, which won no seats. | |||
| 2009 | 1,331 | 0.02 | 0 / 50
|
Notable people who were members or were associated with PPS
[edit]Presidents and heads of state
[edit]- Józef Piłsudski(former member at time in office)
- Stanisław Wojciechowski(former member)
- Ignacy Mościcki(former member)
- Stanisław Ostrowski
- Franciszek Trąbalski
Prime Ministers
[edit]- Ignacy Daszyński
- Jędrzej Moraczewski
- Janusz Jędrzejewicz(former member)
- Walery Sławek(former member)
- Tomasz Arciszewski
- Tadeusz Tomaszewski
- Antoni Pająk
- Alfred Urbański
- Edward Osóbka-Morawski(later became a communist)
- Józef Cyrankiewicz(later became a communist)
Other figures
[edit]- Jan Józef Lipski
- Bolesław Limanowski
- Adam Ciołkosz
- Lidia Ciołkosz
- Jerzy Czeszejko-Sochacki(later became a communist)
- Norbert Barlicki
- Piotr Ikonowicz
- Wojciech Konieczny
- Jan Kwapiński
- Herman Lieberman
- Stanisław Mendelson
- Stanisław Dubois
- Jan Mulak
- Mieczysław Niedziałkowski
- Antoni Pajdak
- Feliks Perl
- Zofia Praussowa
- Kazimierz Pużak
- Kazimierz Sosnkowski
- Czesław Świrski
- Leon Wasilewski
- Aleksandra Zagórska
- Iza Zielińska
See also
[edit]- List of Polish Socialist Party politicians
- Central Rada
- List of anti-capitalist and communist parties with national parliamentary representation
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^"Refleksje w Dniu walki z faszyzmem i antysemityzmem"[Reflection of the day to do with fighting with fascism and antisemitism]. Polska Partia Socjalistyczna.
- ^"PPS w paradzie rownosci tak dla praw lgbt nie dla bankow i korporacji"[PPS at pride parades for LGBT rights, not for banks or corporations]. Polska Partia Socjalistyczna.
- ^"Deklaracja ideowa Polskiej Partii Socjalistycznej"[Ideological declaration of the Polish Socialist Party]. Polska Partia Socjalistyczna. Archived fromthe originalon 14 October 2019.
- ^Friszke, Andrzej(1989).O kształt niepodległej.Warszawa: Biblioteka "Więzi". p. 22.ISBN83-7006-014-5.
- ^Friszke, Andrzej(1989).O kształt niepodległej.Warszawa: Biblioteka "Więzi". p. 45.ISBN83-7006-014-5.
- ^Kowalski, Werner (1985).Geschichte der sozialistischen arbeiter-internationale: 1923 - 19[History of the Socialist Workers' International: 1923 - 19th Century]. Berlin: Dt. Verl. d. Wissenschaften. p. 316.
- ^"Wojciech Konieczny".wnp.pl.Retrieved16 April2023.
- ^"Polska Partia Socjalistyczna".www.facebook.com.Archived fromthe originalon 26 February 2022.Retrieved16 November2020.
- ^"BBC - Coventry and Warwickshire Features - History of Poles in Coventry".www.bbc.co.uk.Retrieved16 November2020.
- ^"Cztery partie lewicowe podpisały porozumie. Chcą iść razem do wyborów".25 June 2022.
- ^"Konflikt w PPS. Zakaz używania nazwy przez parlamentarzystów".www.rmf24.pl(in Polish).Retrieved1 June2023.
- ^Lewicy, Rzecznik Nowej (27 February 2023)."Lewica łączy siły na wybory. Porozumienie Nowej Lewicy, partii Razem, Polskiej Partii Socjalistycznej i Unii Pracy podpisane!".Nowa Lewica(in Polish).Retrieved1 June2023.
- ^Luxemburg, Rosa(2019).The complete works of Rosa Luxemburg.Peter Hudis, Paul Le Blanc, David Fernbach, Joseph G. Fracchia, George Shriver, Nicholas Gray. London.ISBN978-1-84467-974-4.OCLC857863128.
{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^Marzec, Wiktor; Turunen, Risto (1 June 2018)."Socialisms in the Tsarist Borderlands".Contributions to the History of Concepts.13(1): 22–50.doi:10.3167/choc.2018.130103.ISSN1807-9326.S2CID149702151.
- ^Suławka, Adam Radosław (31 December 2015)."Prasa Komitetu Centralnego Komunistycznej Partii Zachodniej Białorusi (KC KPZB) wydawana w języku Rosyjskim".Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej.50(2): 55.doi:10.12775/SDR.2015.2.03.ISSN2353-6403.S2CID131755073.
- ^Kowalski, Stanisław (2018).Dzieje Kępna: od początku istnienia do 2015 r.Kępno. Urząd Miasta i Gminy (Wydanie pierwsze ed.). Kępno: Gmina Kępno.ISBN978-83-66149-00-7.OCLC1088955807.
- ^Dubnow, Simon (1916).History of the Jews in Russia and Poland, from the Earliest Times Until the Present Day, Vol. 3.Forgotten Books.ISBN9781440042393.
- ^""Chcemy być demokratyczni". Konieczny o kulisach powstania koła parlamentarnego PPS ".Polskie Radio(in Polish).Retrieved9 February2022.
External links
[edit]- Official website(archived 9 March 2014)(in Polish)
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