Polokwane

Polokwane Pietersburg
City
Part of the CBD City Centre
Seal Coat of arms
Nickname: The City of Stars
Motto: Unity - Equity - Progress - Prosperity
Polokwane Polokwane
Coordinates:23°54′00″S29°27′00″E
Country	South Africa
Province	Limpopo
District	Capricorn
Municipality	Polokwane
Established	1886
Founded by	Voortrekkers
Named for	Petrus Jacobus Joubert
Government
• Type	Local Municipality
• Body	Polokwane Municipality
• Executive Mayor	Thembi Nkadimeng(ANC)
• Mayor	John Mpe
Area
• Total	106.84 km2(41.25 sq mi)
Elevation	1,310 m (4,300 ft)
Population (2011)
• Total	130,028
• Density	1,200/km2(3,200/sq mi)
Racial makeup (2011)
•Black African	74.4%
•Coloured	3.7%
•Indian/Asian	3.1%
•White	18.2%
• Other	0.5%
First languages(2011)
•Sepedi	45.9%
•Afrikaans	19.8%
•English	10.3%
•Venda	6.7%
• Other	17.3%
Time zone	UTC+2(SAST)
Postal code(street)	0699
PO box	0700
Area code	015
Bird	Northern royal albatross
Flower	Blue squill
Website	www.polokwane.gov.za

Polokwane(UK:/ˌpɒləˈkwɑːnɪ/,meaning "Sanctuary" inNorthern Sotho), also known asPietersburg,is the capital city of theLimpopo ProvinceinSouth Africa.It is the country's largest urban centre north ofGauteng.It was one of the nine host cities of the2010 FIFA World Cup.

History

Early history

The Boer War (1901)

In the 1840s,Voortrekkersunder the leadership ofAndries Hendrik PotgieterestablishedZoutpansbergdorp,a town 100 km (62 mi) to the north. This settlement had to be abandoned because of clashes with the local tribes (Lebelo, Langa & Ledwaba clans), they founded a new town in 1886 and named it "Pietersburg" in honour of Voortrekker leaderPetrus Jacobus Joubert.A small number of Indian/Asian and coloured people settled into the region before the end of the 19th century. It was the capital of theTransvaaland theOrange Free Statefor a short time in 1900 at the time of theSecond Boer Warfrom 1899 to 1902.TheBritishoccupied Pietersburg in 1901 and built aconcentration camptoincarceratealmost 4,000Boerwomen and children.

Pietersburg Camp (1901)

Years of apartheid

Like many places inSouth Africaat the time ofapartheid,racial segregation and inequality were fundamentally ingrained into the town,following the end of the Second Boer War, together with the formation of theUnion of South Africain 1910, institutional laws were in place in terms of dividedurban planningwhich were implemented continuously throughout this era. The commencement of apartheid in 1948 meant that Pietersburg was clearly segregated in bothresidential regionsand for business ventures.

A sign prohibiting non-whites to use public amenities reserved only for whites

The institutionalization of the notoriousGroup Areas Act in 1950 and its amendments in 1966ensured that thespatial developmentof theCentral Business District (CBD)was exclusively for whites and other regions of the CBD being exclusively for other races such as "Indian centre" for Indians/Asians, many regions were designated to only a specific race of people such as the suburbs of Nirvana andWesternburgat the northwest of the town only being occupied by Indian/Asian and Coloured groups respectively, while the suburb of Bendor being reserved for Whites. ThetownshipsofSeshegoandMankwengwere occupied by the Black population. Removals of minority groups for white residency, whites-only owned industrial sectors and a regular barrier between people of different races were heavily enforced.

Since 1994

Thetownofficially became acityon 23 April 1992 and on 27 April 1994, it became the capital of the newly formed Northern Transvaal province (Later changed to "Northern province" and thereafter Limpopo) following the1994 South African general elections.On 25 February 2005,the government declared the official name of the city as Polokwane,a name that was generally in use by the speakers ofNorthern Sotho (Sepedi).The city was host to the52nd national conference of the African National Congress,held in December 2007 at theUniversity of Limpopoand sawJacob Zumavoted as President of theANC,beating former presidentThabo Mbeki.

Today the city of Polokwane has seen respectable development in terms of its infrastructure and services as provides a wide variety of shopping venues and malls, restaurants, entertainment venues, religious venues, civic halls, as well as modern housing developments and office buildings.

Political Governance

ThePolokwane Municipalityis run by the African National Congress (ANC) with a 60% majority obtained in the latest 2021 Municipal Elections. In a by-election held on 24 April 2024, Ward 10 was won by ANC councillor candidateWillie Madikotoafter the arrest and resignation of the previousEconomic Freedom Fighters (EFF)councillor Jacob Seshokadue due to alleged theft of firearms.

Ailing Infrastructure and Poor Service Delivery

Despite the number developments the city has seen, it has been plagued with persistent issues of poor service delivery, which has led to crucial infrastructure such as electricity, water, and sewage systems to continuously be sought after in the various communities that are constantly effected by their unavailability. Public infrastructure such as traffic and street lights, roads, and sidewalks are also amongst the many problems the city's municipality faces.

Damaged storm water drain in the Suburb of Nirvana

Sights such as these are common to see in almost every part of the city

Demographics

The population in 2011 was about 130,000. Roughly 45.9% of people in the city are Sepedi (Northern Sotho) speakers. A large portion of the white population areAfrikaners,and roughly 10,000 residents (roughly 8%) are English-speaking whites who are primarilySouth Africans of British descentandWhite Zimbabweans,the latter of whom primarily moved to the area since 2000. Roughly 6.7% of people areVenda people.

Population Group	Percentage
African	74.4%
Coloured	3.7%
Indian/Asian	3.1%
White	18.2%

Districts/suburbs/townships

Some suburbs in the city include Nirvana,Westenburg,Bendor,Welgelegen, Moregloed, Annadale, Ivydale,Flora Park,Fauna Park,Greenside,Penina Park, Ivy Park, Hospital Park, Ster Park, Dalmada, Broadlands, Woodlands, Southern Gateway and Thornhill.

Besides the above-mentioned suburbs in the city, three clusters of suburbs around the city also exist:

• TheSeshegocluster - on the north-west outskirts of the city.
• Molepo/Maja/Chuene cluster - 20 km south of the city centre.
• Mankweng/Sebayeng/Dikgale cluster - 30 km east of the city centre.

Climate

The city features asemiarid climateunder theKöppen climate classification.Despite its position on theTropic of Capricorn,the climate is tempered by its position on a plateau 1230 m above sea level.Average temperatures reach around 21–22 °C (70–72 °F) in January and fall to 11 °C (52 °F) in July.As with much of inland South Africa, Polokwane has experienced notably warmer seasons over the last decade than its long-term average. The city has a dry climate with a summer rainy season and a pronounced dry spell during winter. Average annual rainfall is 495 mm (19.5 in), with December or (less often) January the wettest month and July the driest.

Jacarandatrees line many streets in the city, blooming purple blossoms in October every year.

Climate data for Polokwane (1991−2020, extremes 1953–present)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	37.1 (98.8)	38.4 (101.1)	34.5 (94.1)	33.9 (93.0)	32.8 (91.0)	28.6 (83.5)	27.8 (82.0)	32.0 (89.6)	36.8 (98.2)	37.0 (98.6)	37.4 (99.3)	36.8 (98.2)	38.4 (101.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	28.2 (82.8)	28.4 (83.1)	27.3 (81.1)	25.3 (77.5)	23.5 (74.3)	21.1 (70.0)	20.8 (69.4)	23.4 (74.1)	26.5 (79.7)	27.3 (81.1)	27.4 (81.3)	27.8 (82.0)	25.6 (78.1)
Daily mean °C (°F)	22.7 (72.9)	22.6 (72.7)	21.4 (70.5)	18.8 (65.8)	15.8 (60.4)	13.1 (55.6)	12.7 (54.9)	15.2 (59.4)	18.6 (65.5)	20.4 (68.7)	21.3 (70.3)	22.2 (72.0)	18.7 (65.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	17.1 (62.8)	16.9 (62.4)	15.5 (59.9)	12.2 (54.0)	8.2 (46.8)	5.2 (41.4)	4.6 (40.3)	7.0 (44.6)	10.6 (51.1)	13.5 (56.3)	15.2 (59.4)	16.6 (61.9)	11.9 (53.4)
Record low °C (°F)	9.8 (49.6)	10.6 (51.1)	7.9 (46.2)	3.6 (38.5)	0.2 (32.4)	−3.5 (25.7)	−3.2 (26.2)	−2.4 (27.7)	0.2 (32.4)	5.0 (41.0)	6.9 (44.4)	8.8 (47.8)	−3.5 (25.7)
Averageprecipitationmm (inches)	84.5 (3.33)	65.8 (2.59)	52.4 (2.06)	30.7 (1.21)	11.4 (0.45)	2.6 (0.10)	2.1 (0.08)	1.6 (0.06)	4.7 (0.19)	37.2 (1.46)	88.5 (3.48)	93.2 (3.67)	474.7 (18.69)
Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm)	7.0	5.5	5.3	3.1	1.3	0.6	0.4	0.2	0.8	3.8	7.3	7.9	43.2
Averagerelative humidity(%)	69	70	71	69	64	61	58	56	55	61	66	69	64
Mean monthlysunshine hours	247.1	225.0	234.8	241.3	280.0	265.6	280.9	289.4	274.3	268.1	235.2	238.9	3,080.5
Source 1: NOAA (humidity 1961–1990)
Source 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)

Transport

Roads

Nelson Mandela road traffic island on the approach to the city

The city lies roughly halfway between Gauteng (300 kilometres (190 mi)) and the Zimbabwean border (200 kilometres (120 mi)) on theN1 highway,which connects Zimbabwe with the major cities of South Africa, such asPretoria,Johannesburg,Bloemfontein,andCape Town.

TheR37provincial route connects the city withMbombela.Running east, theR71connects the city withTzaneen,Phalaborwa,Bushbuckridge,and theKruger National Park.To north-east, is theR81connecting the city withGiyaniandMalamulele.TheR521connects the city withAlldaysand theR567viaSeshegoconnects Polokwane with theN11.TheR71is also well known to bikers who ride through the city annually, making it the biggest bike meeting in Africa.

The Nelson Mandela road traffic island is situated on the outskirts of Polokwane when approaching from the direction of Johannesburg. It was built prior to the 2010 FIFA World Cup as part of beautifying the city for the event.

A number of private bus services run in the city and also services connect Polokwane to other major centres in the country.

Air

The city is served by two airports. A public airport, thePolokwane International Airport,(IATA:PTG,ICAO:FAPP)which is to the north of the city, while the smaller Pietersburg Civil Aerodrome (ICAO:FAPI) is at the south-east of the city.

YR-ACK at the Polokwane (Pietersburg) airport (1935)

Squadron Sabre 352-Bs at the Pietersburg AFB

Railways

The city is connected toJohannesburgand other major centres by rail. Agricultural produce in the area, including tomatoes, citrus fruit, sugar cane, peanuts, tea, bananas, and avocados, is also transported by freight rail.

Society and culture

Media

Energy FM office in the city

TheSouth African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC)has a branch in the city.The city also hosts a branch of the country's largest independent radio station,Jacaranda RM/FM,which is broadcast from eitherPretoria,Nelspruitor Polokwane itself.

The first commercial radio station in Limpopo,CapricornFM,broadcasts from the city.Two additional radio stations are also situated in Polokwane. These includeEnergy FMandMunghana Lonene FM.

The city has a selection of locally distributed newspapers. Two notable newspapers includeThe ReviewandThe Polokwane Observer.

Gambling

TheSun Internationalcasino and hotel is in the city. Meropa Casino and Entertainment World is a Moroccan-style, 24-hour casino with various outdoor entertainment amenities such as go-karts, minigolf, and a wildlife park.

Museums, monuments and memorials

• TheBakone MalapaNorthern SothoOpen-Air Museum— Depicts the traditional and modern-day lifestyle of the Bakone people. The museum is centred on a traditional village still occupied by members of the tribe, who sell various crafts to tourists. Background information can be obtained in the visitor centre. Within the museum complex are archaeological sites with remains of iron- and copper-smelting installations, as well as rock paintings from around 1000 B.C.
• Eersteling Monuments— The site of the country's first gold crushing site and its first gold power plant are marked by monuments.
• The Irish House— Historic building which functions as a museum.

Places of worship

Roman Catholic Church in the city

The largest Christian gathering in South Africa happens twice a year at Zion City, Moria near Polokwane at Easter and again for the September end of year festival. The Zion Christian Church's headquarters are at Zion City Moria, which is about 25 kilometres east of the city. Moria is the seat of the Zion Christian church - an entirely black denomination with about 16 million members formed in 1910 byEngenas Lekganyane- an indigenous church to Africa that is one of the churches not established by evangelists from abroad.

The Star of David is the symbol of the ZCC and the two congregations that make up the church are today led by the grandsons of its founder - Barnabas Lekganyane and Saint Engenas Lekganyane. The ZCC is characterised by the emphasis it places on faith healing, purification rites, dancing, night communion, river baptism, the holy spirit, taboos and prophesying.

The ZCC has members in every country in Africa, and in most countries of the Middle East.

Synagogues

The firstJewishsettlers in Pietersburg arrived between 1890 and 1900 fromLithuania,Russia,andLatvia,and the Pietersburg Hebrew Congregation was founded in 1897. Asynagoguewas built on Jorissen Street in 1921. The Jewish community grew rapidly in the 1930s and 1940s; a larger synagogue was built in 1953 and the old synagogue was then converted into a communal hall. The number of Jews in Pietersburg began to decline from the late 1950s. In 2003, as the congregation had dwindled, the synagogue was closed and its benches,bimah,and other contents were shipped to Israel, where they were installed in the Mevasser Synagogue inTel Mondin memory of the Pietersburg synagogue.

Sports

Football

Polokwane City,Baroka,andMarumo Gallantsarefootballclubs based in the city.

Golf

The Pietersburg Golf Club along with the golf course was established in the late 1800s. The course comprises a full 18 holes.Retief Goosen(born 3 February 1969) was born in Pietersburg and honed his skills at the Pietersburg Golf Club.

Cricket

The Polokwane Cricket Club is one of the oldest in the country and was established in 1902.The first-classLimpopo cricket teamare based in Polokwane at the Polokwane Cricket Club Ground.

The city's suburb of Nirvana also holds an annual cricket competition called the "Nirvana Premier Leauge" in which teams from all around the city and the province take part in.

Netball

TheLimpopo Baobabsrepresents the city as well as the province ofLimpopoin theNetball League.South Africangoal shooterLenize Potgieterwas also born in Polokwane.

Rugby

Noordelikes Rugby Club is an amateur rugby club based in the city.

From 2013 to 2015, the city hosted a provincial team, theLimpopo Blue Bulls,in theVodacom Cup,as a feeder team to theBlue Bullsof Pretoria.The team broke several unwanted records, including the biggest first class loss in South African rugby history, when they lost 161–3 to theGolden Lionson 27 April 2013.

Springbok rugby captain,Victor Matfieldgrew up in Pietersburg. Former Springbok rugby captainJohn Smitwas born in Pietersburg.

Swimming

The city has a number of swimming clubs. Former Olympic gold-medalist and world-record swimmerLyndon Fernsis from the city.

Tennis

A large tennis club is situated in the city, and various local tournaments are held regularly.

Baseball

In 2017,Gift Ngoepe,born in Pietersburg, became the first African player in theMajor League Baseball,playing shortstop and second base for thePittsburgh Pirates.Ngoepe's mother Maureen managed the baseball clubhouse inRandburg,near Johannesburg. Ngoepe's brother Victor also plays in the Pirates' farm system

Stadiums

Peter Mokaba Stadium

• Peter Mokaba Stadium,constructed for the2010 FIFA World Cup
• Pietersburg Stadium

Tourism

The city provides access to various nature and wildlife viewing opportunities forecotourists.The Polokwane Bird and Reptile Park is home to over 280 species of birds. The Polokwane Game Reserve houses various South African species of wildlife, birdlife, and plants in an unspoiledbushveldenvironment. The Moletzie Bird Sanctuary protects rare birds like theCape vulture.The Modjadji Rainforest nearDuiwelskloofholds the largest concentration of indigenouscycadsin the world, and Cheune Crocodile Farm provides a place to learn about the life ofcrocodiles.

An extensive art collection is preserved in the city's art gallery, open to the public. The city has more public sculptures per capita in its parks than elsewhere in South Africa. It was also the first city to unveil a bust of the ex-presidentNelson Mandelain its City Square (Civic Gardens), and it was authorised by Nelson Mandela personally.

The city is considered the premier hunting destination in South Africa.

The city has a rich African culture

War memorial outside the Polokwane Art Gallery consisting of hundreds of guns melted after the Anglo-Boer war

Commerce

The city hosts several major industries such asCoca-Cola,Freshmark (a division of Shoprite Checkers), andSouth African Breweries.As the capital of the Limpopo province, the city also has a large commercial area with the four largest banks in the country all having at least three branches in the city. The city was well known for its manufacturing facility in Seshego of Tempest radios and hi-fis, the largest employer in the region.

Education

Primary and Secondary education

The city has quite a number of Primary and Secondary schools, ranging from public schools to Upper-class private schools.

Some primary schools include

• Noordskool Primary school
• Elica Primary School
• Laerskool Polokwane
• Nirvana Primary School
• Northern Academy Primary School

Some secondary schools include

• Hoerskool Pietersburg
• Taxila Secondary School
• Curo Heuwelkruin High School
• Capricorn High School
• Northern Academy Secondary School
• Westernburg Secondary School
• Northern Muslim School

Tertiary education

TheTshwane University of Technology,Capricorn TVET College,and theUniversity of South Africahave satellite campuses in the city.TheUniversity of Limpopo's Turfloop campus is situated about 30 km east of Polokwane.

Shopping malls and venues

Inside of the Mall of the North

Malls

• Mall of the North
• Savannah Mall

Shopping venues and centres

• Cycad Centre
• The Greenery

Sister cities

Polokwane is asister citywith:

• Reggio Emilia,Italy
• Bulawayo,Zimbabwe

Notable people

• Lyndon Ferns,Olympic gold-medalist and former world record swimmer
• Sylvia Glasser,choreographer
• Retief Goosen,professional golfer who was in the top ten in the Official World Golf Ranking for over 250 weeks between 2001 and 2007
• Lucas Malan,Afrikaans academic and poet
• Julius Malema,leader of the Economic Freedom Fighters and former ANC Youth League president
• Isaac Lesiba Maphotho,anti-apartheid activist, African National Congress (ANC) member and Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) veteran
• Victor Matfield,former South African national rugby team captain
• Peter Mokaba,controversial anti-apartheid activist
• Mvzzle,DJ and record producer known for producing "Umlilo"byDJ Zinhle
• Gift Ngoepe,professional baseball player
• Tlou Segolela,professional football player
• Caster Semenya,middle-distance runner and world champion
• John Smit,former South African national rugby team captain
• Marthinus van Schalkwyk,former Minister of Tourism in the Cabinet of South Africa
• Frederik van Zyl Slabbert,political analyst, businessman and politician

Coats of arms

Municipal (1)

By 1931, the Pietersburg municipal council had assumed a pseudo-heraldic "coat of arms". The shield depicted a crossed pick and shovel, two crossed wheatsheaves, and the date 1904 surrounded by a rib and bearing the mottoLabor omnia vincit.The crest was an ostrich.

The Coat of Arms of Pietersburg from 1931 to 1967

Municipal (2)

A proper coat of arms was designed in the 1960s. It was registered with the Transvaal Provincial Administration in August 1967and at theBureau of Heraldryin September 1969.

The arms were:Azure, on a fess Argent, between in chief a lion passant Argent, armed and langued Gules, and in base two chevrons humette, and a horseshoe Argent, placed 2 and 1, two cogwheels Gules.In layman's terms, this was a blue shield displaying, from top to bottom, a silver lion with red tongue and claws, a silver stripe bearing two red cogwheels, and two silver chevrons and a horseshoe.

The crest was a golden eagle, and the motto, once again, wasLabor omnia vincit.

The Coat of Arms of Pietersburg from 1967 to 2003

Municipal (3)

The Pietersburg municipal council registered a new coat of arms at the Bureau in October 2003.

The arms are:Vert, on a fess Argent, a woven grain basket, between two hoes with blades turned inward proper, their handles towards centre-base counterchanged Or and issuant from a voided cogwheel the inner ring cotised Argent, therein a sun Or; on a chief of the last a short-clawed Lark (Mirafra chuana) perched upon a leaf of the silky thorn tree (Acacia rehmanniana) proper, between two demi-peaks with points embattled Brunatre, issuant from the respective shield flanks.In layman's terms, the shield depicts, from top to bottom, (1) a short-clawed lark perched on an acacia leaf between two stylised peaks, (2) a woven grain basket between two hoes on a silver background, and (3) a silver cogwheel on a green background.

Above the shield is a brown rustic crown. The motto isUnity - Equity - Progress - Prosperity.

The Coat of Arms of Polokwane from 2003-

External links

• Official website
• Capricorn District Municipality websiteArchived2020-11-26 at theWayback Machine
• Polokwanetravel guide from Wikivoyage