President of Kyrgyzstan
President of the Kyrgyz Republic | |
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Кыргыз Республикасынын Президенти (Kyrgyz) Президент Киргизской Республики (Russian) | |
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Style | Mr. President(informally) ComradeCommander-in-Chief(military) His Excellency(international correspondence) |
Status | Head of state Head of government |
Member of | Cabinet Security Council |
Residence | Ala Archa State Residence |
Seat | White House, Bishkek |
Appointer | Direct popular vote |
Term length | 5 years, renewable once[1] |
Constituting instrument | Constitution of Kyrgyzstan |
Precursor | Chairmen of the Supreme Soviet of the Kirghiz SSR |
Inaugural holder | Askar Akayev |
Formation | 27 October 1990 |
Salary | 1 281 609som/US$ 14,660 annually[citation needed] |
Website | president |
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Constitution |
Thepresident of Kyrgyzstan,officially thepresident of the Kyrgyz Republic(Kyrgyz:Кыргыз Республикасынын Президенти,romanized:Kyrgyz Respublikasynyn Prezidenti;Russian:Президент Киргизской Республики,romanized:Prezident Kirgizskoy Respubliki), is thehead of stateandhead of governmentof theKyrgyz Republic.The president directs the executive branch of thenational government,is the commander-in-chief of theKyrgyz militaryand also heads theNational Security Council.
The president, according to theconstitution,"is the symbol of the unity of people and state power, and is the guarantor of the Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic, and of an individual and citizen."
The office of president was established in 1990 replacing theChairman of the Supreme Sovietthat existed, in different forms, from 1936 whilst the country was known as theKirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic.
The first popularly elected officeholder wasAskar Akayev,who served from October 1990 until 24 March 2005. In July 2005,Kurmanbek Bakiyevwaselected.He wasre-electedin 2009, butlarge riotsin April 2010 forced him to resign and flee the country.Roza Otunbayevawas selected in April 2010 to head the interim government. She was officially inaugurated on 3 July 2010, as president for a limited term, until elections could be organised. Her successor,Almazbek Atambayev,was elected in the2011 Kyrgyzstani presidential electionand subsequently succeeded Otunbayeva on 1 December that year.
On 16 October 2017,Sooronbay Jeenbekov,the formerprime minister,was elected president of the country. He took office on 24 November 2017. On 15 October 2020, Jeenbekov resigned followingunrestover theparliamentary electionson 4 October. Jeenbekov was succeeded by Prime MinisterSadyr Japarov,who became acting president before being confirmed as the 6th and current president on 16 October, and officially held the post on 28 January 2021.[2][3]
Oath of office[edit]
On assuming office, the president raises his/her right arm and puts it on theKyrgyz Constitutionwhile reciting the following oath:
Мен, (аты-жөнү), Кыргыз Республикасынын Президентинин кызматына киришип жатып, өз элимдин алдында жана Ала-Тоо ыйык Ата, мен ант Кыргыз Республикасынын Башмыйзамынын сыйлоого жана коргоого жана анын мыйзамдарын, Кыргыз Республикасынын мамлекеттик, урмат-сый эгемендигин жана көз карандысыздыгын коргоого жана урмат-сый менен Кыргыз Республикасынын бардык жарандарынын эркиндиги менен укуктарын камсыз кылуу жана талыкпай жогорку милдеттерин жүзөгө ашыруу үчүн Кыргыз Республикасынын президенти, бүткүл эл ишенип мага жүктөгөн! Кудай бизди коргой берсин!
Russian Translation:
Я (полное имя), вступая в должность Президента Кыргызской Республики, перед своим народом и священным отечеством Ала-Тоо, клянусь уважать и защищать Конституцию Кыргызской Республики и ее законы, защищать суверенитет и независимость Кыргызского государства, уважать и обеспечивать права и свободы всех граждан Кыргызской Республики с честью и неустанно выполнять высокие обязанности Президент Кыргызской Республики, доверил мне доверие всего народа! Да защитит нас Бог!
English Translation:
I, (full name), in assuming the office of President of the Kyrgyz Republic, before my people and the sacred fatherland of Ala-Too, I swear to respect and protect the Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic and its laws, to protect the sovereignty and independence of the Kyrgyz state, respect and ensure the rights and freedoms of all citizens of the Kyrgyz Republic with honor and tirelessly carry out the high duties of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic, entrusted to me by the confidence of the whole people! May God protect us!
Election[edit]
Qualifications[edit]
The office of president is open to allcitizensof Kyrgyzstan who are no younger than 35 years of age, and no older than 65 years of age. A candidate must have a command of the statelanguage,and have resided in the republic for no less than 15 years before the nomination of his or her candidacy for the position. The president cannot be a deputy of theJogorku Kenesh(Parliament), occupy other positions, or carry out entrepreneurial activities, and must suspend activity inpolitical partiesand organizations for their period in office.
On taking office the president must take the followingoath,stipulated by Article 45 of the constitution, within 30 days of election before the assembled members of thelegislativechamber:
"I,..., assuming the office of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic, before my People and the Sacred homeland Ala-Too do swear:
to sacredly observe and defend the Constitution and laws of the Kyrgyz Republic; to defend the sovereignty and independence of the Kyrgyz State;
to respect and guarantee the rights and freedoms of all citizens of the Kyrgyz Republic; with honor and tirelessly to perform the great responsibility of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic entrusted to me by the confidence of all the People! ".[4]
Electoral law[edit]
The president is elected by the citizens of Kyrgyzstan by a majority of votes cast. These elections are held on the basis ofuniversal suffrage,and by secret ballot. To become a candidate a person must obtain thesignaturesof fifty thousand registered voters.
For an election to be considered valid the turnout must not be lower than fifty percent. Similarly, if a candidate wins the backing of fifty percent of the voters who participated they are the winner. Should no candidate win an outright majority in the first round, the two candidates with the highest number of votes face each other in a second ballot.
Inauguration ceremony[edit]
The Inauguration ceremony of the president of Kyrgyzstan is a ceremony that takes place to mark the start of a new term for the president ofKyrgyzstan.[5]
List of inaugural ceremonies
Date | President | LocationPlace | Document Sworn On | Notes |
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10 December 1991 | Askar Akayev | White House, Bishkek | Constitution of the Kyrgyz SSR | It was the first presidential inauguration in the history of Kyrgyzstan.[5] |
30 December 1995 | Askar Akayev | White House, Bishkek | Constitution of Kyrgyzstan | [5] |
9 December 2000 | Askar Akayev | Philharmonic Hall named after Toktogul Satylganov | Constitution of Kyrgyzstan | [5] |
14 August 2005 | Kurmanbek Bakiyev | Ala-Too Square | Constitution of Kyrgyzstan | It took place on Ala-Too Square for the first time.[6]The President of KazakhstanNursultan Nazarbayev,[7]the Prime Minister of TajikistanOqil Oqilov,the Chairman of the National Assembly of BelarusGennady Novitsky,the Minister of Defense of TurkeyVecdi Gönül,and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of UkraineBorys Tarasyukattended the inauguration.[8] |
2 August 2009 | Kurmanbek Bakiyev | Government House, Bishkek | Constitution of Kyrgyzstan | |
3 July 2010 | Roza Otunbayeva | Philharmonic Hall named after Toktogul Satylganov | Constitution of Kyrgyzstan | [9][10][11][12][13][14] |
1 December 2011 | Almazbek Atambayev | Philharmonic Hall named after Toktogul Satylganov | Constitution of Kyrgyzstan | He was inaugurated on 1 December 2011. The ceremony was attended by the president of Turkey,Abdullah Gul,and president of Georgia,Mikheil Saakashvili.The ceremony budget cost less than half of what was spent for inauguration ceremony of Kurmanbek Bakiev in 2009.[15] |
24 November 2017 | Sooronbay Jeenbekov | Ala Archa State Residence | Constitution of Kyrgyzstan | Ala Archa State Residence.[16] | It was the first inauguration ceremony to take place at the
28 January 2021[17] | Sadyr Japarov | Philharmonic Hall named after Toktogul Satylganov[18] | Constitution of Kyrgyzstan | ThePresident of TurkeyRecep Tayyip Erdogan,the firstPresident of KazakhstanNursultan Nazarbayevwere invited, but ultimately did not attend the inauguration. However former leaders Sooronbay Jeenbekov and Roza Otunbayeva did attend.[19] |
Residences[edit]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Ilham_Aliyev_met_with_Kyrgyzian_President_Sooronbay_Jeenbekov_04.jpg/220px-Ilham_Aliyev_met_with_Kyrgyzian_President_Sooronbay_Jeenbekov_04.jpg)
- State residence №1(Ala Archa State Residence)
- State residence №2 (Cholpon-Ata State Residence)
- South Residence
- Jalal-Abad State Residence
Duties and functions[edit]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Presidential_Seal_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/220px-Presidential_Seal_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png)
The head of state holds significant power as provided for in the constitution. This states that they have the authority to:
- Appoint the Prime Minister and other members ofgovernment
- Present candidates to Parliament for positions within theSupreme Court
- Directforeign policy
- Present and sign law
- Announce allelectionsand enactdecrees
- Act as thecommander-in-chiefof theArmed Forces of Kyrgyzstan
Presidential appointments[edit]
- Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan
- Cabinet ministers
- Procurator General of Kyrgyzstan
- Chairperson of theState Committee for National Security
- Chairperson of theState Border Guard Service
- Chairperson of the State Customs Service
- Chairperson of the State Forensic Experts Service
- Chairperson of theState Penitentiary Service
- Chairperson of the State Service for Combating Economic Crimes
- Chairperson of theNational Bank of Kyrgyzstan
- Chief of the General Staff of Armed Forces
- Commanders of the different service branches
- Members of theSupreme Court of Kyrgyzstan
- Head of the Presidential Administration
- Press secretary
- Ambassadors of Kyrgyzstan
Impeachment[edit]
The president may be dismissed from office by Parliament only on the basis of a charge made by the Legislative Assembly of statetreasonor another grievous crime supported by a ruling of theConstitutional Court.Such a decision requires the support of two-thirds of the Jogorku Kenesh who are immediately dismissed should the president be found innocent.
Succession[edit]
If the president becomes unable to carry out their duties for reasons such as death, illness orimpeachment,the prime minister shall carry out their duties until the election of a new head of state. This must take place within three months of the termination of their Presidency. Kyrgyzstan has only had onepeaceful transition of powerfrom president to president (in 2017).Askar Akayevwas forced from office by theTulip Revolutionof 2005 andKurmanbek Bakiyevwas forced from office by theKyrgyz Revolution of 2010.Almazbek Atambayevwas peacefully succeeded bySooronbay Jeenbekovin 2017. However, Jeenbekov resigned from office due to the2020 Kyrgyzstani protestsand was succeeded bySadyr Japarov.
List of Presidents of Kyrgyzstan[edit]
indicates an individual serving as an acting or provisional president of Kyrgyzstan
# | Name (Birth–Death) |
Picture | Took office | Left office | Elected | Political party |
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1 | Askar Akayev Аскар Акаев (1944–) |
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27 October 1990 | 30 December 1995 | 1990 | Independent |
13 October 1991 | 30 December 1995 | 1991 | ||||
30 December 1995 | 9 December 2000 | 1995 | ||||
9 December 2000 | 24 March 2005 | 2000 | ||||
– | Ishenbai Kadyrbekov Ишенбай Кадырбеков (1949–) |
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24 March 2005 | 25 March 2005 | — | Independent |
– | Kurmanbek Bakiyev Курманбек Бакиев (1949–) |
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25 March 2005 | 14 August 2005 | — | Independent (25 March 2005 - 14 August 2005) People's Movement of Kyrgyzstan (14 August 2005 - 15 October 2007) Ak Jol (15 October 2007 - 7 April 2010) |
2 | 14 August 2005 | 2 August 2009 | 2005 | |||
2 August 2009 | 7 April 2010 | 2009 | ||||
– | Roza Otunbayeva Роза Отунбаева (1950–) |
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7 April 2010 | 3 July 2010 | — | Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan |
3 | 3 July 2010 | 1 December 2011 | —[a] | |||
4 | Almazbek Atambayev Алмазбек Атамбаев (1956–) |
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1 December 2011 | 24 November 2017 | 2011 | Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan |
5 | Sooronbay Jeenbekov Сооронбай Жээнбеков (1958–) |
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24 November 2017 | 15 October 2020 | 2017 | Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan |
– | Sadyr Japarov Садыр Жапаров (1968–) |
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16 October 2020 | 14 November 2020 | — | Mekenchil |
– | Talant Mamytov Талант Мамытов (1976–) |
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14 November 2020 | 27 January 2021 | — | Kyrgyzstan |
6 | Sadyr Japarov Садыр Жапаров (1968–) |
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28 January 2021 | Incumbent | 2021 | Mekenchil |
Timeline[edit]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/1yd42x8c5ndo7f1xod1rj38ba5lkgpm.png)
See also[edit]
- Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan
- Vice President of Kyrgyzstan
- Leadership of Communist Kyrgyzstan
- Security Council of Kyrgyzstan
References[edit]
- ^Roza Otunbayevawas proclaimed president of the transitional period on 27 June 2010 after anew constitutionhad been adopted.
- ^"Kyrgyzstan parliament approves referendum on new constitution".11 March 2021.
- ^"Kyrgyzstan president Jeenbekov resigns after unrest".Reuters.Retrieved15 October2020.
- ^Merz, Theo (16 October 2020)."Ex-prisoner Sadyr Japarov confirmed as Kyrgyzstan president".The Guardian.Retrieved18 October2020.
- ^Kyrgyz Constitution, article 45, §3[permanent dead link]
- ^abcd"ИНАУГУРАЦИИ 1991-2000".Akipress.com.
- ^"Президент Киргизии впервые произнесет присягу перед народом".Ria.ru.14 August 2005.
- ^"The state leader Nursultan Nazarbayev participated in inauguration ceremony of Kyrgyzstan President Kurmanbek Bakiyev, and after that in opening new premises of Kazakhstan Embassy in Bishkek. — Official site of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan".Archived fromthe originalon 15 January 2021.Retrieved14 May2019.
- ^"В столице Киргизии проходит инаугурация Курманбека Бакиева".Ria.ru.14 August 2005.
- ^"Otunbayeva Inaugurated as Kyrgyz President | Voice of America - English".www.voanews.com.Retrieved25 January2021.
- ^"Otunbaeva Inaugurated As Kyrgyz President".RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty.Retrieved25 January2021.
- ^"Otunbayeva sworn in as Kyrgyz leader in historic first".BBC News.3 July 2010.Retrieved25 January2021.
- ^"Roza Otunbayeva sworn in, becoming Central Asia's first female president".France 24.3 July 2010.Retrieved25 January2021.
- ^"Kyrgyzstan sets date for presidential inauguration".Hindustan Times.30 June 2010.Retrieved25 January2021.
- ^"Otunbayeva inaugurated as Kyrgyz president - CNN.com".www.cnn.com.Retrieved25 January2021.
- ^"Almazbek Atambaev inaugurated as the president of Kyrgyzstan".Fergananews.com.
- ^"Date of inauguration of new president of Kyrgyzstan approved".24.kg.1 November 2017.
- ^"Инаугурация Садыра Жапарова состоится 28 января".РИА Новости(in Russian). 20 January 2021.Retrieved25 January2021.
- ^Короткова, Елена (21 January 2021)."В Бишкеке несколько дней будут перекрывать улицы из-за инаугурации Садыра Жапарова".KLOOP.KG - Новости Кыргызстана(in Russian).Retrieved25 January2021.
- ^ОСМОНАЛИЕВА, Бактыгуль (13 January 2021)."Инаугурация Садыра Жапарова. Когда и где она пройдет, и кого пригласили".24.kg(in Russian).Retrieved25 January2021.