List of presidents of Russia
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The office of thepresident of Russiais the highest authority in theRussian Federation.The holder is the federation's head of state and has formal presidency over theState Councilas well as being thecommander in chiefof theRussian Armed Forces.The office wasintroduced in 1918after theFebruary Revolutionwith the current office emerging after areferendumof 1991.[1]During the Soviet period of history,Russiawasde jureheaded by collective bodies such as theAll-Russian Central Executive Committeeand thePresidium of the Supreme Soviet,since theSoviet theory of governmentdenied the very necessity of the presidential office. The office of thePresident of the Soviet Unionwas introduced in 1990 duringMikhail Gorbachev'sunsuccessful reformsof the Soviet Union'sone-partycommunist state.Gorbachev became first and last president of the Union.[2]His tenure was marked by thelegal and political confrontationwith Russia and other republics of the USSR which eventually led to their full independence in late 1991.
Presidents
[edit]| NonpartisanCPSUNDROVRUnityUnited RussiaActing PMs | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Portrait | President | Term of office | Term | Previous office | Prime Minister | |||
| 1 |  |
Boris Yeltsin Борис Ельцин 1931–2007 
|
10 July 1991–31 December 1999 (resigned from office) (8 years, 174 days) |
1 (1991) [note 1] |
Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of Russia (1990–1991) |
Ivan Silayev | ||
| Himself | ||||||||
| Yegor Gaidar | ||||||||
| Viktor Chernomyrdin | ||||||||
| 2 (1996) | ||||||||
| Sergei Kiriyenko | ||||||||
| Viktor Chernomyrdin | ||||||||
| Yevgeny Primakov | ||||||||
| Sergei Stepashin | ||||||||
| Vladimir Putin | ||||||||
| 2 | 
|
Vladimir Putin Владимир Путин Born 1952 (age71) 
|
7 May 2000–7 May 2008 (acting from 31 December 1999) (8 years, 128 days) |
3 (2000) |
Prime Minister of Russia (1999–2000) | |||
| Mikhail Kasyanov[note 2] | ||||||||
| Mikhail Fradkov | ||||||||
| 4 (2004) | ||||||||
| Viktor Zubkov | ||||||||
| 3 |  |
Dmitry Medvedev Дмитрий Медведев Born 1965 (age59) 
|
7 May 2008–7 May 2012 (4 years, 0 days) |
5 (2008) |
First Deputy Prime Minister of Russia (2005–2008) |
Vladimir Putin | ||
| (2) |  |
Vladimir Putin Владимир Путин Born 1952 (age71)
|
7 May 2012– present (12 years, 146 days) |
6 (2012) |
Prime Minister of Russia (2008–2012) |
Viktor Zubkov | ||
| Dmitry Medvedev | ||||||||
| 7 (2018) | ||||||||
| Mikhail Mishustin | ||||||||
| 8 (2024) | ||||||||
Acting presidents
[edit]| Portrait | Acting President | Term of office | Main post | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Alexander Rutskoy Александр Руцкой Born 1947 (age77) |
22 September – 4 October 1993 | Vice President | Acting president during the1993 constitutional crisis. His powers were not recognized by Boris Yeltsin. | |
|
Viktor Chernomyrdin Виктор Черномырдин 1938–2010 (aged 72) |
5–6 November 1996 | Prime Minister | Acting president during Boris Yeltsin's heart surgery. | |
|
Vladimir Putin Владимир Путин Born 1952 (age71) |
31 December 1999 – 7 May 2000 | Acting president after Yeltsin's early resignation. | ||
Timeline
[edit]
Subsequent public service
[edit]Two presidents held other high offices after leaving the presidency.
| President | Presidency | Subsequent service |
|---|---|---|
| Vladimir Putin | 2000–2008 | Prime Minister(2008–2012) |
| President(2012–present) | ||
| Dmitry Medvedev | 2008–2012 | Prime Minister (2012–2020) |
| Deputy Chairman of theSecurity Council(2020–present) |
See also
[edit]- President of Russia
- List of leaders of Russia
- List of Russian monarchs(before 1917)
- List of heads of state of Russia(from 1917)
- Politics of Russia
- Government of Russia
Notes
[edit]- ^Elected as President of the Russian SFSR shortly before thecollapseof theSoviet Union.Continued to serve his first term until 1996 despite adopting anew constitutionafter amilitary conflictwith theparliamentin 1993.
- ^Acting Prime Minister until 17 May 2000.
References
[edit]- ^Aluf, I. A. (1979).February Bourgeois Democratic Revolution of 1917(3rd ed.).The Gale Group, Inc.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^"End of the Soviet Union: Text of Gorbachev's Farewell Address".The New York Times.26 December 1991.Retrieved27 December2019.
External links
[edit]- Central Bank of Russia
- Energy Statistics for Russia– From the Energy Information Administration
- Federative Council—Official site of the parliamentary upper house