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Prison officer

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Prisons officer
A prison guard on lookout in the watchtower atParramatta Gaol
Occupation
Names
  • Correctional officer
  • Correctional Law Enforcement Officer
  • Corrections officer
  • Correctional Police Officer
  • Detention officer
  • Detention deputy
Occupation type
Employment
Activity sectors
Law enforcement
Description
CompetenciesSeeWorking environment
Education required
SeeTraining
Fields of
employment
Prisons, jails
Related jobs
Police officer

Aprison officer(PO) orcorrections officer(CO), also known as acorrectional law enforcement officeror less formally as aprison guard,is auniformedlaw enforcementofficialresponsible for the custody, supervision, safety, and regulation ofprisoners.They are responsible for the security of the facility and its property as well as other law enforcement functions. Most prison officers or corrections officers are employed by the government of the jurisdiction in which they operate, although some are employed by private companies that provide prison services to the government.

Terms for the role

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A turnkey of a Paris prison, 19th century
A sort of Russian jail with a prison guard, 1915

Historically, terms such as "jailer"(also spelled"gaoler")," guard "and" warder "[1]have all been used.

The term "prison officer" is used for the role in the UK[2]and Ireland.[3]It is the official English title in Denmark,[4]Finland,[5]Sweden[6]and Poland.[7]

The term "corrections officer" or "correction officer" is used in the U.S.[8][9]and New Zealand.[10]

The term "correctional police officer" or "CPO" is used in New Jersey. Due to the law enforcement status and authority of New Jersey's officers, New Jersey's officers employed by the Department of Corrections are classified as "police officers".[11][12]

Brazil has a similar system to New Jersey, but the officers are known as "state penal police agent" or "federal penal police agent".[13]

"Correctional officer" is used in Australia,[14]Canada,[15][16][17]Jamaica,[18]and the U.S.[19]

InAustralia,prison officers were known as turnkeys until the 19th century after which they were known as warders until the late 20th century. Additionally, a slang term used as an insult or form of group endearment during this period was 'screws'. Following this period they were known as prison officers and later correctional officers.[20]

"Detention officer" is used in the U.S.,[21]as is the term "penal officer".[22]

The official who is in charge of a specific prison is known by various titles, including: "prison warden"(US and Canada)," governor "(UK and Australia)," superintendent "(South Asia) or" director "(New Zealand), respectively" Direktor "or" Gefängnisdirektor "(Germany).

Duties

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US Marshals and prisoners on board aCon Air flight

Prison officers must maintain order and daily operations of the facility and are responsible for the care, custody, and control of inmates. A correction officer has a responsibility to control inmates who may be dangerous, and that society themselves do not wish to accommodate. An officer must always prevent disturbances, assaults, and escapes by supervising activities and work assignments of inmates. Officers have a responsibility to protect themselves, other officers, inmates, and the public from assault by other inmates. Correctional officers must also protect inmates from harming themselves or committing suicide. An officer must be alert and aware of any and all movement taking place inside the facility.

Prevention is one of the key components of an officer's duties. Officers can utilize prevention by routinely searching inmates and their living quarters for potential threats such as weapons, drugs, or other contraband. Officers should remain assertive and in most situations refuse to back down. An officer shall hold offenders who violate facility policy accountable for their actions when rules are violated. This is usually done through on the spot corrections, a formal disciplinary process, or through the legal process in extreme circumstances. Correction officers must take full concern for the health and safety of the facility. Officers check for unsanitary conditions, fire hazards, and/or any evidence of tampering or damage to locks, bars, grilles, doors, and gates. Fire and severe weather drills may be common. Officers may screen all incoming and outgoing mail for select high risk offenders.

All prison staff, regardless of position, volunteers, visitors, new court commit, and offenders returning from off ground, are searched prior to entry. This aids in the reduction of contraband being introduced into the facility. These routine searches often employ hand held or walk through metal detectors, and baggage x-ray machines. Under certain instances, a canine, pat/frisk, full strip, and vehicle (if parked on facility grounds) search may be conducted. Correction officers are responsible for transporting inmates to other facilities, medical appointments, court appearances, and other approved locations. In the US, these trips are most often local, but may be across the entire country. Correction officers may assist police officers on/off duty depending on their peace officer status and jurisdiction.[23]

Training

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Corrections officers' training will vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction as well as facility to facility depending on the legislated power given, the nature of the facilities, or even thesocioeconomicsof the region. Training may be provided by external agencies or at the facility with a peer-group or supervisor instructor.

In North America, standard training usually includes:

Many jurisdictions have also, in recent years, expanded basic training to include:

Most institutions in the United States have a crisis resolution team of some sort, though these vary in name (i.e., Crisis Resolution Team or CRT, Special Response Team or SRT, Critical Incident Response Team or CIRT, Correctional Emergency Response Team or CERT, Crisis and Emergency Response Team also CERT, Correctional Emergency Unit or CEU, Special Security Team or SST, Disturbance Control Team or DCT, Special Operations And Response Team or SORT, and Tactical Support Unit or TSU). These teams take on a role similar to a policeSWATor Special Weapons and Tactics team, but are tailored to the prison setting. Though these vary greatly from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, they typically must pass a very physically and mentally demanding tactical academy or training course, often lasting a week or more. Special units must qualify regularly and at shorter intervals than regular line staff to remain in the specialized position. They must also score in the 90th percentile or better of the standard scoring systems.

See also

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References

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  1. ^"warder, n.1".Oxford English Dictionary(Online ed.).Oxford University Press.(Subscription orparticipating institution membershiprequired.)
  2. ^"Working for HMPS".UK Government.Retrieved18 November2015.
  3. ^Irish Prison Service – RecruitmentArchived17 June 2011 at theWayback Machine.Retrieved 29 November 2011
  4. ^The Danish Prison and Probation Service – General Information, page 5Archived17 March 2014 at theWayback MachineRetrieved 2012-07-07
  5. ^The Training Institute for Prison and Probation Services, FinlandArchived5 December 2011 at theWayback MachineRetrieved 29 November 2011
  6. ^Swedish Prison and Probation Service – Fact Sheet.Retrieved 29 November 2011
  7. ^Compendium for foreign nationals on remand, convicted or punished
  8. ^Indeed: Corrections Officer SalaryRetrieved 2012-07-07
  9. ^Yukon Department of Justice websiteRetrieved 29 November 2011
  10. ^New Zealand Department of Corrections – Job DescriptionArchived5 October 2012 at theWayback Machine.Corrections.govt.nz Retrieved 29 November 2011
  11. ^NJ Civil Service: Correctional Police OfficerRetrieved 2021-06-13
  12. ^NJ Civil Service: County Correctional Police OfficerRetrieved 2021-06-13
  13. ^Junior, Janary (6 July 2024)."Promulgada emenda constitucional que cria Polícia Penal, para atuar no sistema prisional".Câmara dos Deputados.Retrieved6 July2024.
  14. ^Queensland Corrective Services – Employment InformationRetrieved 2012-07-07
  15. ^Correctional Service Canada – Correctional officer job profileArchived24 August 2011 at theWayback MachineRetrieved 29 November 2011
  16. ^Ontario Correctional Services – CareersRetrieved 29 November 2011
  17. ^British Columbia Corrections – Employment InformationRetrieved 29 November 2011
  18. ^Jamaica Department of Correctional Service – Roles of Correctional OfficerArchived21 September 2011 at theWayback MachineRetrieved 29 November 2011
  19. ^US Department of Labor – Correctional Officer job statisticsRetrieved 29 November 2011
  20. ^Dawson, Christopher."Screw!".Inside Boggo Road.Boggo Road Gaol Historical Society.Archivedfrom the original on 27 January 2023.Retrieved27 January2023.
  21. ^FBI Atlanta: Former Fulton County Detention Officer Sentenced to 10 Years in Federal PrisonRetrieved 2012-07-07
  22. ^Career Occupational Profile for: Penal OfficerRetrieved 2014-03-17
  23. ^"Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010–11 Edition".Archived fromthe originalon 28 June 2011.Retrieved25 June2011.

Further reading

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