Pronunciation respelling

Not to be confused withSpelling pronunciationorPhonetic spelling.

Apronunciation respellingis a regular phonetic respelling of a word that has a standard spelling but whose pronunciation according to that spelling may be ambiguous, which is used to indicate the pronunciation of that word. Pronunciation respellings are sometimes seen in word dictionaries.

The term should not be confused withpronunciation spellingwhich is anad hocspelling of a word that has no standard spelling. Most of these arenonce wordsthough some have achieved a certain amount of standardization, e.g., the informal use of the wordgonnato represent an informal pronunciation ofgoing to.

Respelling

Pronunciation spellings may be used informally to indicate the pronunciation of foreign words or those whose spelling is irregular or insufficient for the reader to deduce the pronunciation. In such cases,typeface,punctuationorletter casemay also be used, e.g., to indicatestressorsyllabicationof the word. For example:

"Diarrhoea" is pronounced DYE-uh-REE-uh

This offers a sometimes intuitive alternative to systems like theInternational Phonetic Alphabet,which offers precise descriptions but must be learned. For example:

"Diarrhoea" is pronounced /daɪəˈriːə/

However, respelling relies on the writer's encoded mapping to the samephonemesas the reader's; e.g.

Föhnis pronounced "Fern"

might be adequate for certainnon-rhoticreaders but not rhotic ones.

Unlike the IPA, respelling systems are often specific to the works in which they appear. The English-language Wikipedia, for example, has its own respelling system (available atHelp:Pronunciation respelling key) which may or may not match that used on other Wikipedias or in other contexts.

Literary dialect

Pronunciation spellings are sometimes used in narratives to representnonstandard dialectsoridiolectsto create an impression of backwardness orilliteracyin the speaker. This is calledliterary dialect,often calledeye dialect,though the latter term used to be applied only if the resulting pronunciation is the same as the standard one. For example:

"Pleez, mistur," said the beggar.

Other uses

Pronunciation spellings as deliberate misspellings may be used for humorous effect. The origin of the wordokayis disputed, but the most common view is that it derives from "Oll Korrect",an 1830s comical spelling of" All Correct ".

Such spellings may also be used forbranding,e.g., "Lite"foods,Froot Loops.See alsosensational spelling.

See also

• Pronunciation respelling for English
• Heterography

References

• Bowdre, Paul H., Jr. (1971). "Eye dialect as a literary device". In J. V. Williamson & V. M. Burke (Eds.),A various language(pp. 178–179). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
• Fine, Elizabeth. (1983). "In defense of literary dialect: A response to Dennis R. Preston".The Journal of American Folklore,96(381), 323–330.
• Ives, Sumner. (1950). "A theory of literary dialect".Tulane Studies in English,2,137–182.
• Ives, Sumner. (1971). "A theory of literary dialect". In J. V. Williamson & V. M. Burke (eds.),A various language(pp. 145–177). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
• Krapp, George P. (1926). "The psychology of dialect writing".The Bookman,6,522–527.
• Preston, Dennis R. (1982). "Ritin' fowklower daun 'rong: Folklorists' failures in phonology".The Journal of American Folklore,95(377), 304–326.
• Preston, Dennis R. (1983). "Mowr bayud spellin': A reply to Fine".The Journal of American Folklore,96(381), 330–339.
• Preston, Dennis R. (1985). "The Li'l Abner syndrome: Written representations of speech".American Speech,60(4), 328–336.

External links

• Vivian Cook's page of common eye dialect