Putty

Puttyis a material with highplasticity,similar in texture toclayordough,typically used in domestic construction and repair as a sealant or filler. Although some types of putty (typically those usinglinseed oil) slowly polymerise and become stiff, many putties can be reworked indefinitely, in contrast to other types of filler which typically set solid relatively rapidly.

Chemical composition

Putty, orlime putty,is made from a mixture of calcium oxide (CaO) and water (H₂O) in proportions of 38% and 62% by weight respectively, as result, the solution forms hydrated lime (Ca(OH)₂) which takes up about a half of the weight.^[1]^: 59

The other putty mixture may be a calcium carbonate (CaCO_3,750-850 parts) based with an admixture of CaO (ash calcium, 120-180 parts), white cement (40-60 parts), and talc powders in much lower concentrations (fractions).^[2]

Applications

Use in construction

Putty has been used extensively inglazingfor fixing and sealing panes of glass into wooden frames (orsashes), although its use is decreasing with the prevalence ofPVCand metal window frames which use synthetic sealants such assilicone.Glazing putty is traditionally made by mixing a base ofwhiting(finely groundchalk) withlinseed oilin various proportions. Historically,white leadwas sometimes mixed with the whiting.^[3]There are a number of synthetic alternatives such aspolybutene-based putties, where the polybutene is a lowmolecular weight oligomerreplacing thelinseed oil.Butyl rubberis also added to the mixture to provide some strength and flexibility.

Painter's putty is typically alinseed oil-based product used for filling holes, minor cracks, and defacements in wood only.

Putties can also be madeintumescent,in which case they are used forfirestoppingas well as for padding ofelectrical outlet boxesinfire-resistance rated drywallassemblies. In the latter case,hydratesin the putty produce anendothermic reactionto mitigateheattransfer to the unexposed side.

Inwoodworking,water-based putties are more commonly used, as these emit very little odour, are more easily cleaned up and are compatible with water-based and latex sealers.

Two-part hardening putties

Polyesterputty andepoxy puttyarethermosetting polymersthat can be molded by hand, but become permanently rigid after curing.Pratley Puttyis an epoxy putty used primarily for steel bonding.Milliputis another popular multipurpose epoxy putty.Bondois a polyester-based automotive body filler, which is commonly used in collision repair.

Plumber's putty

Plumber's puttyis the common name encompassing a variety of products of completely different compositions, all used for making watertight seals inplumbing.^[4]^[5]It is a pliable substance used to make watertight seals around faucets and drains. The putty is a basic component of a plumber's toolkit and is often used when replacing plumbing fixtures. Plumber's putty formulations vary but commonly include powderedclayandlinseed oil.Other formulas uselimestone,talc,orfish oil.RTV siliconeorepoxysealants may be used in place of putty.

Plumber's putty containsmineral oilsand/orvegetable oilsso it can stain porous materials such as marble or some plastics.^[6]The oils can also react chemically with some plastics, slowly making them brittle.^[7]^[8]

Other uses

Certain types of putty also have use in the field ofterminal ballistics,where the putty can accurately represent the average density of the human body. As such it can be used, for instance, to test the penetrative power ofprojectiles,or the stopping power ofbody armour.

Modeling clayand play putty, such asPlasticineandSilly Puttyare commontoys.

References

^Hollis, Murray (2005).Practical straw bale building.Collingwood, Vic.: Landlinks Press.ISBN 0-643-09214-5.OCLC 60819915.
^[1],Yao, Boyu, "Putty Powder Formula", issued 2019-03-21
^Paul N. Hasluck, Ed.,The Handyman's Enquire Within,Cassel and Co., 1908; page 439.
^Peters, R. (2003).Plumbing Basics.Basics Series. Sterling Publishing Company, Incorporated. p. 21.ISBN 978-1-4027-1121-3.Retrieved2021-05-02.
^Peters, R. (2006).Home How-to Handbook: Plumbing.Sterling Pub. p. 79.ISBN 978-1-4027-4196-8.Retrieved2021-05-02.
^Frechette, L.A. (2004).Remodeling a Bathroom.Build Like a Pro Series. Taunton Press. p. 144.ISBN 978-1-56158-621-9.Retrieved2021-05-02.
^"How To Use Plumbers Putty".Best Plumbers Club.29 November 2021.
^Team, Two Make a Home (1 December 2021)."Can plumber's putty be used on plastic?".Two Make a Home.

"Putty".Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 22 (11th ed.). 1911.
Putty & Masticat wiki.DIY FAQ.org.uk

[1] Hollis, Murray (2005).Practical straw bale building.Collingwood, Vic.: Landlinks Press.ISBN 0-643-09214-5.OCLC 60819915.

[2] [1],Yao, Boyu, "Putty Powder Formula", issued 2019-03-21

[3] Paul N. Hasluck, Ed.,The Handyman's Enquire Within,Cassel and Co., 1908; page 439.

[Peters_2003_p._21-4] Peters, R. (2003).Plumbing Basics.Basics Series. Sterling Publishing Company, Incorporated. p. 21.ISBN 978-1-4027-1121-3.Retrieved2021-05-02.

[Peters_2006_p._79-5] Peters, R. (2006).Home How-to Handbook: Plumbing.Sterling Pub. p. 79.ISBN 978-1-4027-4196-8.Retrieved2021-05-02.

[Frechette_2004_p._144-6] Frechette, L.A. (2004).Remodeling a Bathroom.Build Like a Pro Series. Taunton Press. p. 144.ISBN 978-1-56158-621-9.Retrieved2021-05-02.

[7] "How To Use Plumbers Putty".Best Plumbers Club.29 November 2021.

[8] Team, Two Make a Home (1 December 2021)."Can plumber's putty be used on plastic?".Two Make a Home.

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v t e Plumbing
Fundamental concepts	Air gap (plumbing) Backflow Compatibility (chemical) Corrosion Drain (plumbing) Drinking water Fuel gas Friction loss Grade (slope) Greywater Heat trap Hydrostatic loop Leak Neutral axis Onsite sewage facility Pressure Sanitary sewer Sewer gas Sewage Sewerage Siphon Storm sewer Stormwater Surface tension Tap water Thermal expansion Thermal insulation Thermosiphon Trap (plumbing) Venturi effect Wastewater Water hammer Water supply network Water table Well
Technology	Brazing British Standard Pipe(BSP) Cast iron pipe Chemical drain cleaners Compression fitting Copper tubing Crimp (joining) Drain-waste-vent system Ductile iron pipe Flare fitting Garden Hose Thread(GHT) Gasket Hydronics Leak detection National Pipe Thread(NPT) Nominal Pipe Size(NPS) O-ring Oakum Pipe (fluid conveyance) Pipe dope Pipe support Plastic pipework Push-to-pull compression fittings Putty Sealant Sewage pumping Soldering Solvent welding Swaging Thread seal tape Threaded pipe Tube bending Water heat recycling
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Specialized tools	Basin wrench Blowtorch Borescope Core drill Drain cleaner Driving cap Flare-nut wrench Pipecutter Pipe wrench Plumber's snake Plumber wrench Plunger Strap wrench Tap and die
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Professions, trades, and services	Hydronic balancing Hydrostatic testing Leak detection Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing Pipe marking Pipefitter Pipelayer Plumber
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See also	Fire sprinkler system Piping Template:HVAC Template:Public health Template:Sewerage Template:Toilets Template:Wastewater