Pylyp Orlyk
 | This articleneeds additional citations forverification.(April 2024) |
Pylyp Orlyk | |
|---|---|
| Пилип Орлик | |
| Hetman of the Zaporozhian Host (in exile) | |
| In office April 5, 1708 – May 24, 1742 | |
| Preceded by | Ivan Mazepa |
| Personal details | |
| Born | October 11 (21), 1672 Kosuta,Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth(nowKasuta,Belarus) |
| Died | May 26, 1742 Jassy,Principality of Moldavia(nowIași,Romania) |
| Spouse | Hanna Hertsyk |
| Signature |  |
Pylyp Stepanovych Orlyk(Ukrainian:Пилип Степанович Орлик;Polish:Filip Orlik;October 21 [O.S.October 11] 1672 – May 26, 1742) was aZaporozhian Cossackstatesman, diplomat andstarshynawho served as thehetmanin exile from 1710 to 1742. He was a close associate ofIvan Mazepaand the author of theConstitution of Pylyp Orlyk.
Biography
[edit]Pylyp Orlyk was born in the village ofKosuta,Ashmyanycounty,Grand Duchy of Lithuania(Vileykadistrict of modern-dayBelarus), on November 1, 1673. Pylyp Orlik came from an old noble family of theNowina coat of arms.[1]The family name appeared in the form Orlik or Orlicki.[1]The family most likely came to theKingdom of Polandfrom Bohemia in the 15th century, then settled in western Belarus.[2][3]Pylyp's father Stefan Orlik was killed in theBattle of Chocimagainst the Turks on November 11, 1673, fighting in the ranks of the Polish-Lithuanian army, a year after his son's birth.[3]Pylyp's mother was Irena née Małachowski of the Hrymal coat of arms.[3]Although Orlyk's father was Catholic his mother was Orthodox and baptized her son in that rite.[4]
Orlyk first studied at theJesuit collegeinVilniusand until 1694 atKyiv Mohyla Academy.In 1698 he was appointed secretary of the consistory ofKievmetropolia. In 1699 he became a senior member ofHetmanIvan Mazepa's General Military Chancellery and 1706 was appointed general chancellor and at that position he wasMazepa's closest aide, facilitatedMazepa's secret correspondence with the Poles and Swedes, and assistedMazepain his efforts to form an anti-Russian coalition.[5]
Hetman in exile
[edit]After theBattle of Poltavain 1709, he escaped together withHetmanIvan Mazepaand kingCharles XII of SwedentoBenderin thePrincipality of Moldavia,where Mazepa soon died. Pylyp Orlyk was then chosen as aHetmanby the Cossacks and the Swedish kingCharles XII.While inBenderOrlyk wrote one of the first state constitutions in Europe.[6]ThisConstitution of Pylyp Orlykwas confirmed byCharles XIIand it also names him asthe protector of Ukraine.
Between 1711 and 1714, together withCrimean Tatarsand small groups ofCossacks,Orlyk carried outunsuccessful raidsintoRight-bank Ukraine.Afterwards, Pylyp Orlyk now together with several other Cossacks followed the Swedish kingCharles XIItoSwedenviaViennaandStralsund.Orlyk with his family and about 40 other Cossacks arrived inYstad,Sweden in late November 1715. After some months in Ystad they lived in the city ofKristianstadfor some years. Orlyk and his family leftStockholmin 1720 but as late as 1747 his widow and children received financial support from theParliament of Sweden.From Sweden Orlyk first went toHamburg,Hannover,Prague,WrocławandKraków,where he left his family to stay in a monastery. Orlyk stayed in Poland until March 1722, when he went toKhotynin OttomanMoldavia.[7]From there he went on toThessaloniki.In 1734 he moved to the Sultan's residence inCăușeni,Moldavia.[8]He then stayed inIași,and from late 1739 inBucharest.[9]He died 1742 in Jassy,Principality of Moldavia(todayIași,Romania).[10]
Orlyk wrote numerous proclamations and essays aboutUkraineincluding the 1710Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk.[11]Orlik is also the author of a comprehensiveDziennik Podróżny,3000-pages long diary, covering the years 1720-1732. The diary is written inPolishtypical of the 18th century, with many interjections fromLatinor polonized Latin words.[12]Some words fromChurch Slavonic,Turkic,Tatarand a fewUkrainianismsalso appear.[13]The diary also contains passages written in French and Latin.[14]
Memory
[edit]
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In 2011 a monument dedicated to Pylyp Orlyk was erected in Kristianstad, Sweden on a building Ukrainian hetman lived in 1716–1719 years to celebrate tercentenary of Pylyp Orlyk's constitution. The authors of the monument areBorys Krylovand Oles Sydoruk.
104 streets and 22 alleys of Ukrainian settlements are named after Pylyp Orlyk. The streets of Vileik (Belarus) and Kristianstad (Sweden) are also named after the Hetman.
The National Bank of Ukraine issued two silver coins dedicated to Pylyp Orlyk (2002) and the first Ukrainian Constitution to Pylyp Orlyk (2010).
Ukrainian State Enterprise of Postal Service "Ukrposta" issued stamps in honor of Pylyp Orlyk (1997) and his Constitution (2010).
Ukrainian MPs and representatives of the Ukrainian diaspora in the U.S. established the Pylyp Orlyk International Prize in 2007, which is annually presented in Kiev to prominent Ukrainian and foreign lawyers. The award is currently presented by the International International Charitable Foundation for the People's HeroMark Paslawsky.[citation needed]
The name of Hetman Pylyp Orlyk was given: Nikolaev International Classical University, Non-state think tank in Ukraine – Institute of Democracy in Kyiv and 43rd reservoir hut in Lviv.
Monuments and memorial signs to Hetman Pylyp Orlyk.
The monuments of the Hetman and memorial signs of the first Ukrainian Constitution were installed in Kosuta (Belarus) (2006), Baturyn (Ukraine) (2009), Bendery (Moldova) (2010), Kyiv (Ukraine) (2011), Orlyk in the Poltava region (Ukraine) (2011), Kristianstad (Sweden) (2011) and Ivano-Frankivsk (Ukraine) (2012).
In Baturyn, on the Maidan of Hetman glory, towering monument «Hetmans. Prayer for Ukraine», in the form of a sculptural group of five Ukrainian hetmans: Demian Ihnatovych, Ivan Samoylovych, Ivan Mazepa, Kyrylo Rozumovsky and Pylyp Orlyk. Hetman in emigration Pylyp Orlyk stands beside his mentor Ivan Mazepa. The sculptural composition symbolizes the unity of their thoughts. Sculptures: Nikolai and Bogdan Mazura. Monument «Hetmans. Prayer for Ukraine» is solemnly opened on the Day of Cathedral of Ukraine, January 22, 2009. with the participation of the President of Ukraine Viktor Yushchenko.
Family
[edit]Pylyp Orlyk | |
|---|---|
| Coat of arms |  |
| Noble family | Orlyk |
Pylyp Orlyk married Hanna Hertsyk in on November 13, 1698.[15]She was of Jewish descent, a daughter of the colonelPavlo Semenovych Hertsyk(a close ally of Mazepa) of thePoltava regiment.Pylyp and Hanna had eight children. They were:[16][17]
- Anastasiya Orlyk (1699–1728) – born inPoltava.Married the Swedish nobleman and officer Johan Stenflycht (1681–1758) in 1723. They had two sons:
- Carl Gustaf (1724–1758) – colonel in the French regiment Royal Pologne.
- Filip (1726–1739) – died in Hamburg.
- Grégoire Orlyk(French:Grégoire Comte d'Orlik;November 5, 1702 – † November 14, 1759) – born inBaturyn,Ukraine. His godfather wasHetman Ivan Mazepa.He studied atLund University(1717–1718). After leavingSwedenin 1720 he first lived with his mother inKraków,Poland. He later became a Lieutenant General in France where he called himselfComte d'Orlik.Although he kept the contact withSwedenand in 1742 he also visitedStockholm.In 1747 he married a French noblewoman, but they didn't have any children. He was killed in 1759 at theBattle of Mindenin Germany where he also is buried.
- Mykhailo Orlyk (1704–?) – born inBaturyn,Ukraine. His godfather wasHetman Ivan Mazepa.
- Varvara Orlyk – born inBaturyn,Ukraine. Her godfather wasHetman Ivan Mazepa.
- Yakiv Orlyk (1711–?) – born inBender,Ottoman Empire.His godfather was kingCharles XII of Sweden.
- Marta Orlyk (1713–?) – born inBender,Ottoman Empire.Her godfather was kingStanisław Leszczyński of Poland.
- Maryna Orlyk (1715–?) – born inAltefähr,Rügen,Swedish Pomerania.Her godparents wereking Charles XII of Sweden's sisterUlrika Eleonoraand kingStanisław Leszczyński of Poland.
- Kateryna Orlyk (November 5, 1718–?) – born inKristianstad,Skåne,Sweden and probably died already in 1719.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^abSobol 2021,p. 11.
- ^"Pylyp Orlyk roots." Mirror Weekly.October 28, – November 3, 2006[permanent dead link].Accessed September 2, 2007.
- ^abcSobol 2021,p. 12.
- ^Walczak-Mikołajczakowa & Mikołajczak 2021,p. 161.
- ^Encyclopedia of Ukraine
- ^"Riksarkivet uppmärksammar Ukrainas självständighetsdag med att visa Filip Orliks konstitution från 1710 i original".riksarkivet.se/.Riksarkivet.RetrievedSeptember 13,2022.
- ^Sobol 2021,p. 14.
- ^Sobol 2021,p. 15.
- ^Sobol 2021,p. 16.
- ^Alfred Jensen:Mazepa,p.174–194. Lund 1909.
- ^300th anniversary of first Ukrainian constitution written by Pylyp Orlyk being celebrated,Kyiv Post(April 5, 2010)
- ^Walczak-Mikołajczakowa & Mikołajczak 2021,p. 162-165.
- ^Walczak-Mikołajczakowa & Mikołajczak 2021,p. 164-167.
- ^Walczak-Mikołajczakowa & Mikołajczak 2021,p. 165.
- ^Sobol 2021,p. 13.
- ^Alfred Jensen:Mazepa,p.174–194. Lund 1909.
- ^Bertil Häggman:"Son til ukrainsk 1700-talsstatschef med skånsk anknytning studerade i Lund."Lundagenealogen 2008:1.
Bibliography
[edit]- Walczak-Mikołajczakowa, Mariola; Mikołajczak, Aleksander (2021). "Kilka uwag o języku i kontekście kulturowym Diariusza podróżnego hetmana Filipa Orlika".Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza.28(2).
- (in French)Jean-Benoit Scherer,Annales de la Petite-Russie, ou Histoire des Cosaques-Saporogues et des Cosaques de l'Ukraine(Adamant Media Corporation, 2001)
- Sobol, Walentyna (2021).Filip Orlik (1672-1742) i jego diariusz[Pylyp Orlyk (1672-1742) and His Diary] (in Polish). Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego.
External links
[edit]- Minsk honors Ukrainian hetman, born in Belarus(in Belarusian)
- Taras Chuhlib,The Belarusian roots of hetman Pylyp Orlyk,Zerkalo Nedeli(Mirror Weekly),October 28 – November 3, 2006,in Russian[permanent dead link]andin Ukrainian[permanent dead link].
- 1672 births
- 1742 deaths
- People from Vilyeyka District
- People from Vilnius Voivodeship
- Orlyk family
- Hetmans of the Zaporozhian Cossacks
- Ukrainian people of Belarusian descent
- Ukrainian people of Czech descent
- Kyiv-Mohyla Academy alumni
- Vilnius University alumni
- 17th-century Ukrainian people
- 18th-century Ukrainian people
- People of the Great Northern War
- Ukrainian writers in Polish