Queluz, Portugal
Queluz | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Coat of arms | |
  Queluz Location of the town of Queluz | |
| Coordinates:38°45′05″N9°15′59″W/ 38.75139°N 9.26639°W | |
| Country |  Portugal |
| Region | Lisbon |
| Subregion | Greater Lisbon |
| District | Lisbon |
| Municipality | Sintra |
| Municipality | Sintra |
| Parishes | 3
|
| Population (2001) | |
| • Total | 78,273 |
| Demonym | Queluzense |
| Time zone | UTC0(WET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+1(WEST) |
| 2745-NNN | 2745-000:2745-999 |
| Postal Zone | (+351) 21X XXX XXX |
| ISO 3166 code | PT |
| Website | http://www.cm-sintra.pt |
Queluz(Portuguese pronunciation:[kɛˈluʃ]) is a city within theSintra Municipality,on thePortuguese Riviera,in theLisbon metropolitan areaofPortugal.[1]It is famed as the home ofQueluz National Palace,the 18th century pleasure palace of thePortuguese Royal Family,as well as notable institutions like thePortuguese School of Equestrian Art.Queluz had a population 78,273 inhabitants in 2001.[2]
History
[edit]
The origin of the nameQueluzhas been disputed over time. The prevailing thesis, by David Lim and José Pedro Machado, suggests that the name had its origin in the Arabic termscâ(fortight valley) andLlûs(meaningalmond), affirming the suggestion that it was inThe Valley of the Almond Tree.However, another suggestion, has it as forming from theMountain of Light,Monte Abraão (theMount of Abraham), where worship of the sun was common.
Human occupation of theis area dates back to theLate Neolithicor earlyChalcolithic(between the third and fourth millennium B.C.), owing to the number of Neolithic monuments and vestiges from abandoned settlements unearthed by archeologists.[3]These earliest date established to this settlement was 4200 B.C., followed by comparable settlements in 2000 B.C. (in what today is the civil parish ofMassamá).
In the year 1147, whenAfonso I of Portugalforcesconqueredthe city of Lisbon, a similar campaign within the Sintra mountains effectively captures the heath of Queluz, bringing the lands under Christian control.
From the first century until the 18th century, the region was primarily agrarian, occupied by homes, farms and few estates established by the clergy and/or nobility.
In the 18th century,InfantePedro ofBraganza(future KingPedro III of Portugal), in his capacity as Lord of theHouse of the Infantado,acquired an estate in Queluz, previously belonging to theMarquis of Castelo Rodrigo,and subsequently built a humble hunting lodge. Following his marriage to QueenMaria I of Portugal,the estate was radically expanded into theRococopleasure palace, today known as theQueluz National Palace.
Following the transfer of thePortuguese Royal Courtto Queluz, during the reign of Queen Maria I and King Pedro III, numerous members of thePortuguese nobilityestablished estates and palaces in the area, Sintra being the longtime retreat of the Portuguese aristocracy.
Culture
[edit]
Between July and August is a free fair outside theD. Maria Pousadathat recreates the golden age of theQueluz National Palace.TheFeira Setecentista( "Eighteenth-Century Fair" ) recreates the reign of QueenMary I of Portugal,and transports visitors back into a period where artisans and merchants produced arts and crafts. Choral concerts are also common to Sunday afternoons at Queluz National Palace, owing to the three choirs in the city.
Similarly, the Monte Abraão Fair (held every Saturday in theRua Cidade Desportiva) is the biggest in Queluz, allowing the sale of clothes, handicrafts, fruits and vegetables, flowers and implements.
Sport
[edit]The biggest and most known teams in Queluz areReal Sport Clube,CA Queluzand JOMA (Juventude Operária do Monte Abraão). Real Sport Clubeis Queluz local football team,CA Queluzthe basketball one andJOMAmain sport is athletics. Real Sport Clube plays on the Segunda Liga (the 2nd biggest league competition in Portugal).
CA Queluz has already been Portuguese basketball champions in 1984 and 2005. They also won the Portuguese Cup in 1983 and 2005, completing the double. JOMA as already been Portuguese champions on both individual and collective athletics competitions.
Geography
[edit]Crossed by Jamor river, the city is interspersed by various parks, with three in the district: two in the civil parish of Queluz and the other in Massamá:
- Forest of Queluz(Portuguese:Matinha de Queluz), a small enclosed, isolated wooded area, it covers 21 hectares, and sustained due to its public use, ecological wealth and as a relic of vegetation climate;
- Salgueiro Maia Park(Portuguese:Parque de Salgueiro Maia), a small one-hectare park, opened from 9:30 in the morning to early evening, 8:00 p-m, with manicured lawns, an amphitheatre and a playground, that is also used for sport.[4]
- Felício Loureiro Park(Portuguese:Parque de Felício Loureiro), another emblematic park, fairly wooded and equipped for recreation, leisure and exercise. It is divided into two zones: the first extends along the river Jamor and includes the a sculpture of José Pedro Croft; while the second zone includes an exercise circuit, as well as manicured grassy areas used for recreation and leisure.
Climate
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Queluz has a micro-climate that is classified as anUpper Thermo-Mediterraneansub-humid type, with average annual precipitation of 825 millimetres (32.5 in).[6]
Transport
[edit]With three train stations on theSintra Line(Monte Abraão, Barcarena-Massamá andQueluz-Belas), Queluz falls within the Sintra-Lisbon corridor, with connections to Amadora and Sintra.[7]
Vimecabus lines connect Queluz to Oeiras, Lisbon, Amadora and Carcavelos.[8]
Taxi services within Queluz, handled from the centralized "taxi squares" and services achieved from telephone services.
Notable citizens
[edit]- Peter IV of Portugal(12 October 1798, Queluz – 24 September 1834, Queluz), son ofJohn VI of PortugalandCarlota Joaquina of Spain,he became King Peter IV of Portugal, before abdicating in favour of his daughterMaria da Gloria;he became thefounder and first rulerof theEmpire of Brazil,before abdicating this title in favour of his son, returning to Portugal to reclaim the throne for his daughter in theLiberal Wars;
- Miguel I of Portugal(26 October 1802, Queluz – 14 November 1866,Bronnbach,Grand Duchy of Baden), was theKing of Portugalbetween 1828 and 1834, the seventh child and second son of KingJohn VIand his queen,Charlotte of Spain,he was a rebellious youth, who eventually seized the throne from his niece,Maria II of Portugal,inspiring theLiberal Warswith his brother Peter IV of Portugal;
- António José Enes(15 August 1848, Lisbon – 6 August 1901, Queluz), journalist, dramatist, librarian, government minister, colonial administrator and diplomat, who worked for several newspapers/magazines, eventually writing the controversial, anti-clerical drama "Os Lazaristas", and defended the concept of a "United States of Europe",fearing that Portugal would be absorbed by Spain;
References
[edit]- ^Decrete Lei Nº.88/97(PDF),Lisbon, Portugal: Diário da República, 24 July 1997,retrieved12 October2012
- ^Nuno Pires Soares (ed.),Uma População que se Urbaniza (Census of 2001)(PDF)(in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal: Instituto Geográfico Português[permanent dead link]
- ^"Projecto de Lei nº 229/VII: Elevação de Queluz à categoria de cidade"(in Portuguese). PCP.Retrieved6 January2009.
- ^In winter the park is closed at around 6:00 p.m.
- ^Law Project nº 229/VII
- ^Green Plan of the Municipality of SintraArchivedAugust 7, 2010, at theWayback Machine
- ^CP
- ^Vimeca
External links
[edit]
- Junta de Freguesia de Massamá
- Junta de Freguesia de Monte Abraão
- Junta de Freguesia de Queluz
- Cidadania Queluz
- Queluz City Guide
- Queluz National Palace
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