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RAF Elvington

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Coordinates:53°55′28″N000°58′16″W/ 53.92444°N 0.97111°W/53.92444; -0.97111
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RAF Elvington
Elvington,North Yorkshirein England
Elvington airfield
RAF Elvington is located in North Yorkshire
RAF Elvington
RAF Elvington
Shown within North Yorkshire
RAF Elvington is located in the United Kingdom
RAF Elvington
RAF Elvington
RAF Elvington (the United Kingdom)
Coordinates53°55′28″N000°58′16″W/ 53.92444°N 0.97111°W/53.92444; -0.97111
TypeSatellite station 1942-43
42 Base substation 1943
CodeEV
Site information
OwnerMinistry of Defence
OperatorRoyal Air Force
Controlled byRAF Bomber Command
*No. 4 Group RAF
Site history
Built1939(1939)
In useOctober 1942 - 1992(1992)
Battles/warsEuropean theatre of World War II
Cold War
Airfield information
Elevation13 metres (43 ft)[1]AMSL
Runways
Direction Length and surface
08/26 3,000 metres (9,843 ft)Tarmac

Royal Air Force Elvingtonor more simplyRAF Elvingtonis a formerRoyal Air Forcestation which operated from the beginning of theSecond World Waruntil 1992 located atElvington,Yorkshire,England. It is now the location of theYorkshire Air Museum.

History

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Royal Air Force use

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The station was originally a grass airfield withinNo. 4 Group RAF.In the early 1940s the airfield was entirely reconstructed with three hardened runways replacing the grass. It re-opened in October 1942 as a station for77 Squadron RAFand along withRAF MelbourneandRAF Pocklingtonwas known as "No. 42 Base". The squadron had a strength of approximately 20 aircraft and initially used the twin enginedArmstrong Whitworth Whitleymedium bomberalthough this was quickly replaced by theHandley Page Halifaxfour enginedheavy bomberwhich was being introduced. No. 77 Squadron suffered heavy losses during its time at Elvington with over 500 aircrew killed, missing or taken prisoner and almost 80 Halifaxes lost as it played a major part in theBattle of the Ruhrand the bombing ofBerlin.[2]

In May 1944 No. 77 Squadron posted to the newly opened nearbyRAF Full Suttonand was replaced at Elvington by two French squadrons, numbers346 "Guyenne"and347 "Tunisie"who both played a leading part in the bombing of Germany. Elvington was the onlyairfieldin theUnited Kingdomused by the remainder of theFree French Forces,they also flew Handley Page Halifax heavy bombers until they moved toBordeauxin October 1945 where they became the basis for the new air force of liberated France. In September 1957 a memorial was unveiled in Elvington village dedicated to the two French squadrons.[3]While they were at RAF Elvington nearly half of the squadrons' members were killed.[4]

After the war the 400-acre (1.6 km2) airfield was transferred toNo. 40 Group RAFunder the control ofRAF Maintenance Commanduntil 1952 when it was greatly enlarged and extended for use by theUnited States Air Force.[3]

United States Air Force use

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The United States Air Force (USAF) built a new 3,094 m (10,151 ft) runway, which was the longest in the north of England, and a huge 19.8 hectares (49 acres) rectangular hardstandingapronas well as a newcontrol towerto turn Elvington into a "Basic Operation Platform" which would have operated as aStrategic Air Command(SAC) dispersal airfield.[5]After spending £4 million[6]the airfield never became operational as a SAC base and was abandoned by the US Air Force in 1958.

Other uses

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In the early 1960s theBlackburn Aircraft Company,now part ofBritish Aerospaceused the runway for test flights of theBlackburn Buccaneer.Elvington retained its status as an RAF relief landing ground and was used by the RAF flying training schools atRAF Church FentonandRAF Linton-on-Ouseuntil the airfield was finally closed in March 1992.[7]

Units

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The following units were also here at some point:[8]

Motorsport

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Elvington
LocationYorkshire,England
Opened1962
Closed1963 (cars only)

A race circuit was established which appears to have been used by theBritish Racing and Sports Car Club(BRSCC). The inaugural car race meeting took place on 8 July 1962 and was reported byAutosport,which said that the BRSCC hoped to run a further meeting September, but this appears not to have taken place. A second meeting did take place a year after on 7 July 1963, but these two appear to have been the sum total of car racing at Elvington.

However, in June 1970Auto 66 Clubheld a Motorcycle Road Race meeting at Elvington, with a second meeting in September. The following season these were upgraded to National Status events. Although local critics thought the club had gone well over the top, the National event attracted over 400 riders, including stars of the future likeMick GrantandBarry Sheene.The Auto 66 Club continued to organise meetings at this track.[9][10]

Record breaking

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In October 1969, when preparing for a challenge at theMonzahigh-speed banked-oval circuit to a record held byMoto Guzzi,Ray Pickrellpracticed by riding aDunstall Nortonroad-going motorcycle during a regularsprint meeting.He set a new national record for the 750 cc class flying quarter mile at 144.69 mph (232.86 km/h).[11]

On 3 October 1970 Tony Densham, driving the Ford-powered "Commuter" dragster, set the Official outright wheel driven record at Elvington by averaging 207.6 mph (334.1 km/h) over the flying kilometre course.[12]This brokeMalcolm Campbell's record set 43 years previously atPendine Sands.

In 1990 Elvington hosted an attempt to match the speed record run of theSunbeam Tigermotor car, originally driven byHenry Segrave(on 21 March 1926, he set his first land speed record in his 4-litreSunbeam TigerLadybirdon the sands at Southport, England at 152.33 mph). The re-run at Elvington on the two mile (3 km) runway was recorded at 159 mph (256 km/h).

In the summer of 1998Colin FallowsbetteredRichard Noble's outright UK Record, driving his "Vampire" jet dragster at Elvington with an average of 269 mph (433 km/h).[13]The currentnon wheel-driven British Land Speed Recordholder isVampire,driven by Fallows, which hit a speed of 300.3 mph (483.3 km/h) on 5 July 2000 at Elvington.[14]

On 20 September 2006 Elvington Airfield was the location of a serious crash involving theTop GearpresenterRichard Hammondand "Vampire". The jet-powered car he was driving crashed while travelling at 280 mph (450 km/h). Hammond suffered serious brain injuries, but made a full recovery.[15][16]The accident investigation said: "an almost instantaneous blow out of the right side front tyre caused the accident."[17]

World records for the fastestWheelie binat 43 miles per hour (69 km/h), and the fastest electric wheelchair at 66 miles per hour (106 km/h) were set in 2020.[18]

Zef Eisenbergof MADMAX Race team, who holds numerous land speed records, crashed his 560 hp Rolls-Royce Turbine powered motorbike at Elvington airfield on 18 September 2016, during a two way speed record attempt. It was reported that he did not see the finish line, causing him to leave the end of the runway and crash at a speed of around 230 mph. He sustained 11 broken bones and was hospitalised for three months. It was believed to be Britain's fastest motorbike crash survivor. After rebuilding his Turbine powered bike and making a recovery that surprised the doctors, he was racing again on the anniversary of the crash at the same track and on the same (rebuilt) bike.[19][20][21]On the afternoon of 1 October 2020, Eisenberg died in a collision whilst attempting to set a British land speed record.[22]

In 2019Guy Martinset a new speed record for driving a tractor at the site. In a series of runs in aJCB Fastrac Twohe averaged 135.191 miles per hour (217.569 km/h) and reached a peak speed of 155.77 miles per hour (250.69 km/h).[23]

In 2023 Professional Skateboarder and presenterRyan Swainannounced he was to attempt aGuinness World Recordsin skateboarding at Elvington on 8 May 2023 in aid of Mind mental health charity.[24]He will be attempting to skateboard over 300 miles in less than 24 hours and will be the first GB Skateboarder to hold the record if completed.[25][26]

On 25 May 2023, engineerAllen Millyardtogether with television presenterHenry Coleset a world motorcycle speed-record, ratified by Guinness World Records at 183.50 mph (295.31 km/h), achieved with the pair riding "tandem" on the one-off,road-legalhand-madeMillyard Viper,beating by two mph the previous record held by an American couple for over 10 years.[27][28][29]

Present day

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The airfield is now owned by Elvington Park Ltd.[30]The adjacent buildings and control tower have been restored, and serve as theYorkshire Air Museumwhich has many varied and rare aircraft and exhibits, including a complete Halifax bomber. Elvington is also a popular motorsports venue formotorcycleracing.

References

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Citations

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  1. ^Falconer 2012,p. 90.
  2. ^Jefford 1988,p. 51.
  3. ^abHalpenny, Bruce Barrymore (1982).Action Stations: Military Airfields of Yorkshire v. 4.PSL.ISBN978-0-85059-532-1.
  4. ^"York remembers WWII French airmen based at Elvington".BBC News.18 October 2011.Retrieved8 March2012.
  5. ^Cocroft, Wayne; Thomas, Roger (2003).Cold War: Building for Nuclear Confrontation 1946-1989.Swindon: English Heritage.ISBN1-873592-69-8.
  6. ^The Manchester Guardian,8 May 1958, Page 3.
  7. ^"Allied Air Forces Memorial, Elvington, York (Guide to an Operational WWII Bomber Command Station",Yorkshire Air Museum, Leaflet (No ISBN) Gives history of airfield.
  8. ^"Elvington".Airfields of Britain Conservation Trust.Retrieved7 March2023.
  9. ^"Auto66 | Hill Climbs | Road Race | Motocross | Marshals Association | Olivers Mount North Yorkshire".Archived fromthe originalon 26 September 2012.Retrieved11 January2013.
  10. ^Peter Swinger,Motor Racing Circuits in England: Then & Now(Ian Allan Publishing,ISBN0 7110 3104 5,2008)
  11. ^Recollections of 'Quasimodo',Classic Racer,Winter 1988, pp.6-12 (EMAP) Accessed 3 January 2018
  12. ^The Guardian,5 October 1970, Page 6;The Times,5 October 1970.
  13. ^The Guardian,8 June 1999, Page C4.
  14. ^The Times,21 September 2006. See
  15. ^BBC News
  16. ^BBC airs Top Gear crash footage
  17. ^HSE Investigation into the accident of Richard Hammond:
  18. ^Motorised wheelie bin and fastest wheelchair set new world recordsShropshire Star,29 September 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020
  19. ^"Crash and comeback of Zef Eisenberg - life after the 230mph crash".
  20. ^"Zef makes comeback year after crash".
  21. ^"Elvington 230mph Crash - Zef Eisenberg 2016".
  22. ^"Land speed record bid: Maximuscle founder Zef Eisenberg killed".British Broadcasting Corporation. BBC News.Retrieved2 October2020.
  23. ^"Watch Guy Martin set new record for world's fastest tractor in a 153mph JCB".iNews.18 November 2019.Retrieved28 June2022.
  24. ^"Malton skateboarder in training for Guinness World Record challenge".InYourArea.co.uk.2 February 2023.Retrieved8 February2023.
  25. ^"Nurse in world record skydive attempt for Alzheimer charity".Mental Health Practice.18(1): 7. 11 September 2014.doi:10.7748/mhp.18.1.7.s6.ISSN1465-8720.
  26. ^"Keen skateboarder aiming for world record with 300-mile trek for charity".York Press.Retrieved8 February2023.
  27. ^Fastest speed on a tandem motorcycleGuinness World Records.Retrieved 30 January 2024
  28. ^Cole & Millyard set new speed record 2-uphenrycole.tv, 24 August 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2024
  29. ^'It's got to be done': Millyard and Cole set sights on 200mph pillion record after previous run recognised by GuinnessMotorcycle News,24 August 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2024
  30. ^"Companies House".Retrieved11 July2021.

Bibliography

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  • Falconer, J. (2012).RAF Airfields of World War 2.UK: Ian Allan Publishing.ISBN978-1-85780-349-5.
  • Jefford, C G (1988).RAF Squadrons, a Comprehensive Record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912.Shrewsbury: Airlife Publishing.ISBN1-84037-141-2.

Further reading

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toRAF Elvington.
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