Realm of Stefan Dragutin
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Realm of Stefan Dragutin Област Стефана Драгутина Oblast Stefana Dragutina | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| 1282–1325 | |||||||||||||||||||||
 Kingdom of Syrmia of Stefan Dragutin (1291-1316) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Status | initially vassal kingdom of theKingdom of Hungary,[1]later an independentkingdom | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital | DebrcandBelgrade | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Government | Hereditary monarchy | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Historical era | Middle Ages | ||||||||||||||||||||
• Established | 1282 | ||||||||||||||||||||
• Disestablished | 1325 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| Today part of | Serbia,Bosnia and Herzegovina,Croatia | ||||||||||||||||||||
TheRealm of Stefan Dragutin[a](Serbian:Област Стефана Драгутина,romanized:Oblast Stefana Dragutina) was a medievalSerbiankingdom. Initially, it was a vassal kingdom of theKingdom of Hungary,[1]but subsequently became an independent kingdom, after the collapse of the central power in the Kingdom of Hungary. It was ruled by the Serbian kingsStefan Dragutin(1282–1316) and his sonStefan Vladislav II(1316–1325). The kingdom was centered in the region ofLower Syrmia(today known asMačva) and its first capital wasDebrc(betweenBelgradeandŠabac), while residence of the king was later moved toBelgrade.
Territory
[edit]
In the Middle Ages, "Syrmia"was the name for a larger area around the riverSava.The part in the north of Sava was known asUpper Syrmia(present-day Syrmia), while the area south of the river was known asLower Syrmia(present-day Mačva). The kingdom was centered inMačva,but also includedBelgrade,part ofŠumadijawithRudnik,and thežupas(counties) ofPodrinje,Usora,Soli,BraničevoandKučevo.According to several Serbian historians (Dejan Mikavica, Stanoje Stanojević, Aleksa Ivić, Milojko Brusin, etc.), the kingdom also included Upper Syrmia (modern Syrmia).
History
[edit]Stefan Dragutinwas initially theking of Serbiafrom 1276 to 1282. In 1282, he broke his leg while hunting and became ill; he passed the throne to his younger brotherStefan Milutinat the council atDeževoin 1282, while keeping for himself some northern parts of the country (Rudnik and parts of the župa of Podrinje). Since his sonVladislavmarried a relative of the Hungarian king, Dragutin in 1284 gained fromLadislaus IVthebanatesofSó(Soli),Ózora(Usora) andMacsó(Mačva) with Belgrade. He first ruled them as a Hungarian vassal, until the collapse of the central power of the Hungarian Kingdom. The first capital of his state wasDebrc,and later he moved his residence to Belgrade. Dragutin was the firstSerbian rulerto use Belgrade as his capital.
Around 1291 and with the help of Milutin, Dragutin expanded his territory by annexing the regions ofBraničevoandKučevo,whose former rulersDarman and Kudelinhad recently become independent from the Kingdom of Hungary.[2]For the first time, these regions became part of the Serbian state.[1]This action probably caused the war between the Bulgarian despotShishman of Vidinand Milutin.
Towards the end of his life, Stefan Dragutin broke away from his Hungarian allies and strengthened his ties with Serbia. He later took monastic vows, died in 1316 and was buried in the monastery ofĐurđevi stupovi,near present-dayNovi Pazar.
After the death of Dragutin, his sonVladislavassumed his father's appanage. However, in 1319, the Serbian king Milutin, Vladislav's uncle, invaded, defeated and imprisoned the latter. When Milutin died in 1321, the newly freed Vladislav recovered his father's lands, with the help of the Hungarians and of his nephewStephen II,theban of Bosnia.[b]
After being defeated again by supporters of Milutin's son and successor,Stefan Dečanski,Vladislav retreated to the Kingdom of Hungary in 1324. Later, Stephen II reincorporated Soli and Usora into Bosnia. Belgrade and the northern part of the banate of Mačva along the river Sava remained under the rule of the Kingdom of Hungary, while Braničevo and the southern part of Mačva remained Serbian. The kingdoms ofSerbiaandHungarywould contest Mačva for the next century.
Rulers
[edit]| Monarch | Reign |
|---|---|
 Stefan Dragutin |
1282–1316 |
 Vladislav |
1316–1325 |
Annotations
[edit]- ^The state was called "the Syrmian Land" (Serbian:Сремска земља/Sremska zemlja) or "Syrmian Lands" (Serbian: Сремске земље /Sremske zemlje).[3][4]Serbian ArchbishopDanilo II(s. 1324–37) called it the "state in the Syrmian land".[5]Ragusan chroniclerMavro Orbini(1563–1614) called it the "Land of King Stefan" (Italian:terra del Rè Stefano,Serbian:Земља краља Стефана/Zemlja kralja Stefana).[6][7]Scarcer historiographical names include "Dragutin's State" (Serbian: Драгутинова држава /Dragutinova država).
- ^Vladislav's motherwas the daughter of former Hungarian KingStephen V.Vladislav's wifewas the aunt of former Hungarian KingAndrew III.Ban Stephen II was the son ofVladislav's sister.
References
[edit]- ^abcFine 1994,p. 220.
- ^Vásáry 2005,p. 104.
- ^Ћирковић & Михаљчић 1999,p. 167.
- ^Mrgić & Živković 2008,p. 368.
- ^Smilja Marjanović-Dušanić; Sima M. Ćirković (1994).Vladarske insignije i državna simbolika u Srbiji od XIII do XV veka.Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti. p. 25.ISBN9788670251830.
а Драгутин у „престо своје владавине, у државу сремске земље "
- ^Dinić 1978,p. 124.
- ^Орбин 1968,p. 24.
Sources
[edit]- Bataković, Dušan T.,ed. (2005).Histoire du peuple serbe[History of the Serbian People] (in French). Lausanne: L’Age d’Homme.ISBN9782825119587.
- Ćirković, Sima(2004).The Serbs.Malden: Blackwell Publishing.ISBN9781405142915.
- Ћирковић, Сима;Михаљчић, Раде,eds. (1999).Лексикон српског средњег века (The Lexicon of Serbian Middle Ages).Београд: Knowledge.ISBN9788683233014.
- Dinić, Mihailo (1978).Српске земље у средњем веку: историјско-географске студије.Српска књижевна задруга.
- Engel, Pál (2001).The Realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895-1526.London & New York: I.B.Tauris.ISBN9781850439776.
- Fine, John V. A. Jr.(1994) [1987].The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest.Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press.ISBN0-472-08260-4.
- Jireček, Constantin(1911).Geschichte der Serben.Vol. 1. Gotha: Perthes.
- Krstić, Aleksandar R. (2016)."The Rival and the Vassal of Charles Robert of Anjou: King Vladislav II Nemanjić".Banatica.26(2): 33–51.
- Mrgić, Jelena; Živković, Tibor (2008).Северна Босна: 13-16. век.Историјски институт.ISBN9788677430719.
- Orbini, Mauro(1601).Il Regno de gli Slavi hoggi corrottamente detti Schiavoni.Pesaro: Apresso Girolamo Concordia.
- Орбин, Мавро(1968).Краљевство Словена.Београд: Српска књижевна задруга.
- Vásáry, István (2005).Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.ISBN9781139444088.
External links
[edit]- Map of Dragutin's and Milutin's state,at theSerbian Governmentarchive web site
- Map of the realm of Stephan Dragutin,on a map ofthe crown of Aragon and the house of Anjou in the Middle Ages (up to ca. 1380) "
- Map of the realm of Dragutin Istvan,on a map of "Hungarian oligarchs" 1301-1310
- Map of "Tulso Szeremseg",on a map of the Kingdom of Hungary in the 13th century
- Map of the "Statelet of Stefan Dragutin"at theWayback Machine(archive index) (from book "Hrvatska povijest u 25 karata", written by Stjepan Srkulj and Josip Lučić)
