Remake
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Aremakeis afilm,television series,video game,songor similar form ofentertainmentthat is based upon and retells the story of an earlier production in the same medium—e.g., a "new version of an existing film".[1]A remake tells the same story as the original but uses a differentset of casts,and may use actors from the original, alter thetheme,or change the flow andsettingof the story, in addition since a remake is released some time after the original work it may incorporate new technologies, enhancements, and techniques that had not existed or was commonly used when the original work was created.[2][3][4][5]A similar but not synonymous term isreimagining,which indicates a greater discrepancy between, for example, a movie and the movie it is based on.[6]
Film
[edit]
Afilm remakeuses an earlier movie as its main source material, rather than returning to the earlier movie's source material.2001'sOcean's Elevenis a remake of 1960'sOcean's 11,while 1989'sBatmanis a re-interpretation of the comic book source material which also inspired 1966'sBatman.In 1998,Gus Van Santproduced analmost shot-for-shot remakeofAlfred Hitchcock's 1960 filmPsycho.
With the exception ofshot-for-shotremakes, most remakes make significant changes in character, plot, genre, and theme.[7]For example, the 1968 filmThe Thomas Crown Affairis centered on a bank robbery, while its1999 remakeinvolves the theft of a valuable painting. The 1999 remake ofThe Mummywas viewed primarily as a "reimagining" in a different genre (adventure).
Similarly, when the 1969 filmThe Italian Jobwasremade in 2003,few aspects were carried over. Another example is the 1932 filmScarfacewhich wasremade in 1983starringAl Pacino;the 1932 version is about the illegal alcohol trade, while the characters in the 1983 version are cocaine smugglers.[8]
Sometimes a remake is made by the same director. For example,Yasujirō Ozu's black-and-whiteA Story of Floating Weedswas remade into the colorFloating Weeds.Hitchcock remade his 1934 black-and-whiteThe Man Who Knew Too Muchin colorin 1956.[9]Tick Tock Tuckered,released in 1944, was a color remake ofPorky's Badtime Story,released in 1937 withDaffy DuckinGabby Goat's role.Cecil B. DeMillemanaged the same thing with his1956 remakeof his silent 1923 filmThe Ten Commandments.Sam RaimidirectedEvil Dead 2in 1987, a quasi-remake of his 1981 filmThe Evil Dead,blending original elements with an emphasis on comedy.[10]In 2007,Michael Haneke' remakeFunny Games,was anEnglish-languageremake of his originalGerman-languageFunny Games(this is also an example of a shot-for-shot remake), whileMartin Campbell,director of the miniseriesEdge of Darkness,directed the2010 film adaptation.
Not all remakes use the same title as the previously released version; the 1966 filmWalk, Don't Run,for example, is a remake of theWorld War IIcomedyThe More the Merrier.This is particularly true for films that are remade from films produced in another language such asPoint of No Return(from the FrenchLa Femme Nikita),Vanilla Sky(from the SpanishAbre los ojos),The Magnificent Seven(from the JapaneseSeven Samurai),A Fistful of Dollars(from the JapaneseYojimbo),The Departed(from Hong Kong'sInfernal Affairs),Secret in Their Eyes(from the ArgentineEl secreto de sus ojos),Let Me In(from the SwedishLet the Right One InorLåt den rätte komma in), andThe Ring(from the JapaneseRing).[11]
Remakes are rarelysequelsto the original film. In this situation, essentially the remake repeats the same basic story of the original film and may even use the same title, but also contains notable plot and storyline elements indicating the two films are set in "the same universe". An example of this type of remake is the 2000 film version ofShaft,which was the second film adaptation of theoriginal novelbut was also a canon storyline sequel to theoriginal 1971 film adaptation.The 2013 remake ofEvil Deadwas also a storyline sequel, featuring a post-credits cameo fromAsh Williams.
The Italian filmPerfect Strangers(Perfetti sconosciuti;2016) was included in theGuinness World Recordsas it became the most remade film in cinema history, with a total of 18 versions of the film.[12]
Television
[edit]Remakes occur less often on television than in film, because television mostly favours the concept of "reviving" a series instead. But some remakes have happened from time to time, especially in the early 21st century. Examples includeBattlestar Galactica(2003),He-Man and the Masters of the Universe(2002),La Femme Nikita(2010),V(2009),Hawaii Five-0(2010), andCharlie's Angels(2011).
One area where television remakes are particularly common is remakingBritish shows for the US marketor, less frequently,American shows for the UK.For example,Three's Companyis an American remake of the BritishMan About the House:not only was the original show re-created (with very few characters or situation changes initially), but both series hadspin-offsbased onthe Ropers(in the UK,George and Mildred,in the US,The Ropers), and both series were eventually re-tooled into series based on the male lead (in the UK,Robin's Nest,in the US,Three's a Crowd). The British sitcomTill Death Us Do Partinspired the AmericanAll in the Family,whileAll in the Family's spin-offMaudewas remade in the UK asNobody's Perfect.
Another example is the long-running US sitcomThe Office(2005-2013), which was a remake of the 2001 BBC sitcomof the same name.The American version'spilot episodefollowed its British counterpart "nearly verbatim", though later episodes had their own unique plot.[13]The American television showThe Killingis aninvestigative crime dramabased on the Danish seriesForbrydelsen.[14]
Video games
[edit]In some cases, only models and environments are remade, while retaining the game's original code. Remakes are produced for the purpose of modernizing a game for newer hardware and new audiences. Typically, a remake of such game software shares its title, fundamental gameplay concepts, and core story elements with the original. With the advent of such notable video game remakes such asResident Evil 2in 2019 (followed byResident Evil 3in 2020) andFinal Fantasy VII Remakein 2020, these strict notions are being called into question and brought into a broader perspective. This can even be seen as early as 2004 with the release ofMetal Gear Solid: The Twin Snakesas that title features newer gameplay additions and voice acting.
Remakes are often made by the original developer or copyright holder, although some are made by the fan community. If created by the community, video game remakes are sometimes also calledfan gamesand can be seen as part of theretrogamingphenomenon.
See also
[edit]- List of British television series based on American television series
- List of English-language films with previous foreign-language film versions
- Cover versionsof songs
References
[edit]- ^Larke-Walsh, George S. (12 November 2018).A Companion to the Gangster Film.Hoboken, New Jersey:John Wiley & Sons.p. 449.ISBN9781119041733.Retrieved23 July2021.
- ^Porter, Lynnette (4 September 2012).The Doctor Who Franchise: American Influence, Fan Culture and the Spinoffs.McFarland & Company.p. 61.ISBN9780786465569.Retrieved23 July2021.
- ^The International Journal of Indian Psychology, Volume 3, Issue 4, No. 56.REDSHINE Publication. 25 July 2016. p. 199.ISBN9781365239922.Retrieved23 July2021.
- ^Smith, Iain Robert (8 March 2017).Transnational Film Remakes.Edinburgh:Edinburgh University Press.p. 180.ISBN9781474407250.Retrieved23 July2021.
- ^Galician, Mary-Lou; Merskin, Debra L. (10 July 2007)."Remakes to Remember: Romantic Myths in Remade Films and Their Original Counterparts".Critical Thinking About Sex, Love, and Romance in the Mass Media: Media Literacy Applications.Routledge.ISBN9781135250485.Retrieved23 July2021.
- ^Benshoff, Harry (16 September 2015).Film and Television Analysis: An Introduction to Methods, Theories, and Approaches.Routledge.ISBN9781136473883.
- ^Haygood, Ashley (1 May 2007).The Climb of Controversial Film Content.Liberty University.
Master of Arts Dissertation, Mass Communication; This study looks at the change in controversial content in films during the 20th century. Original films made prior to 1968 and their remakes produced after were compared in the content areas of profanity, nudity, sexual content, alcohol and drug use, and violence.
- ^Lehman, Peter; Luhr, William (1 October 2018).Thinking about Movies: Watching, Questioning, Enjoying.John Wiley & Sons.p. 24.ISBN9781118337561.Retrieved22 July2021.
- ^"The Man Who Knew Too Much".Turner Classic Movies.
- ^"The 10 Best Horror Movie Remakes of All Time".Nightmare on Film Street.
- ^Laemmerhirt, Iris-Aya (31 March 2014).Embracing Differences: Transnational Cultural Flows between Japan and the United States.Bielefeld.p. 149.ISBN9783839426005.Retrieved23 July2021.
{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^"'Perfetti Sconosciuti' da Guinness, la commedia di Genovese è il film con più remake di sempre ".Repubblica Tv - la Repubblica.it(in Italian). 2019-07-15.Retrieved2019-07-16.
- ^Goodman, Tim (24 March 2005)."Miracle time -- Americanized 'Office' is good".San Francisco Chronicle.Archived fromthe originalon 25 May 2011.Retrieved23 January2020.
- ^Cutchins, Dennis; Krebd, Katja; Eckhart, Voigts (2018)."24: Reconfiguring the Nordic Noir Brand".The Routledge Companion to Adaptation(1st ed.). Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.ISBN978-1317426554.