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Resurs-P

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Resurs-P
DesignerTsSKB-Progress
Country of originRussia
OperatorRoscosmos
ApplicationsEarth observation
Specifications
BusYantar (satellite)
Launch mass6,570 kg (14,480 lb)
RegimeSSO
Design life5 years
Production
On order1
Built4
Launched4
Operational3
Retired1
Lost2
Maiden launch2013-06-25
←Resurs-DK No.1

Resurs-P[1](Russian:Ресурс-П (перспективный),lit.'Resource-P (Prospecting)')[2]is a series of Russian commercialEarth observation satellitescapable of acquiringhigh-resolutionhyperspectral(HSI), wide-fieldmultispectral(MSI), andpanchromaticimagery. These spacecraft cost over 5 billionrubles[3]and are operated byRoscosmosreplacing theResurs-DK No.1satellite.

Imagery collected by Resurs-P satellites are used by the Russian Ministries ofAgriculture,Fishing,Meteorology,Transportation,Emergencies,Natural Resources,andDefenseformap making,environmental control, agricultural monitoring,hydrology,measuringsoil salinity,and searching for potentialoilormineral deposits.TheRussian Ministry of Defensealso used the satellite for military purposes to includesurveying terrainin support ofoperations in Syria.[3]

In December 2021 it was announced that a new series, Resurs-PM, would replace the Resurs-P series with a first launch in 2023 or 2024.[4]

As of January 2022, only one of the three launched Resurs-P satellites remain active, Resurs-P No.3. At least two more satellites of the series are planned, with the satellite No.4 undergoing testing and the satellite No.5 being assembled and expected to be delivered to the launch site in 2023.[5]

On March 31, 2024, Russia launched its fourth Resurs-P satellite into space, the Russian Soyuz 2.1b rocket carrying the high-detail Earth observation satellite No. 4 Resurs-P was launched from theBaikonur Cosmodrome,located inKazakhstan.[6]

Sensors

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Geoton-L1 Multispectral Imager

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Resurs-P's primary payload is the Geoton-L1 high-resolutionMSIimager with a 38 km swath (at 475 kilometeraltitude), 1.0 meterpanchromaticresolution, and 3–4 meter color resolution usingpush-broom scanning.Geoton-L1MSIcollectsvisible(VIS) andnear-infrared(NIR) light in sixwavebands:[7][8]

  • 0.58–0.80 μm (VIS yellow to NIR)
  • 0.45–0.52 μm (VIS blue to VIS green)
  • 0.52–0.60 μm (VIS green)
  • 0.61–0.68 μm (VIS red)
  • 0.72–0.80 μm (VIS red to NIR)
  • 0.80–0.90 μm (NIR)

KshMSA Wide-Angle Multispectral Imager Complex

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Also onboard is the KShMSA (Russian:комплекс широкозахватной мультиспектральной аппаратуры (КШМСА),romanized:kompleks shirokozakhvatnoy mul'tispektral'noy apparaturylit.'complex of wide-coverage multispectral apparatuses'). KShMSA's mass is 19.7 kilograms and consumes 41 watts.[9]

KShMSA consists of a control unit, high-resolution camera (ShMSA-VR), and medium resolution camera (ShMSA-SR). Both cameras, developed by NPP Opteks, have six spectral channels, five multispectral channels across the visible andNIRspectra and onepanchromatic(PAN):[9]

  • 0.43–0.70 μm (PAN)
  • 0.43–0.51 μm (VIS blue)
  • 0.51–0.58 μm (VIS green)
  • 0.60–0.70 μm (VIS red)
  • 0.70–0.90 μm (NIR 1)
  • 0.80–0.90 μm (NIR 2)

Distinctive features of the KshMSA are the use quick lenses and a singlecharge-coupled device(CCD)photodetectorto provide a seamless image and high geometric accuracy. KShMSA enables the use of collected imagery to be used for creatingtopographic maps,monitoring agricultural and forest lands,detection of forest fires,and monitoring flood-prone regions. Thelensesof both cameras were produced by theLytkarino Optical Glass PlantinLytkarino, Russiaspecifically for Resurs-P.[9]

The two cameras output 12-bit video information accompanied by onboardtiming informationand associatedmetadatato the onboardstorage deviceover afiber-optic interfacewhere the imagery and data can be transmitted to aground station.[9]

ShMSA-VR High-Resolution, Wide-Angle Multispectral Imager

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The high-resolution (Russian:высокого разрешения or ВР,romanized'VR') camera collects over a 96 kilometer swath (at 475 kilometeraltitude) using a P-200lenswith a relativeapertureof 1:3 and afocal lengthof 200 millimeters.[9]

ShMSA-SR Medium-Resolution, Wide-Angle Multispectral Imager

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The medium-resolution (Russian:среднего разрешения or СР,romanized'SR') camera collects over a 480 kilometer swath (at 475 kilometeraltitude) using a TM-40lenswith a relativeapertureof 1:4 and afocal lengthof 40mm.[9]

GSA Hyperspectral Apparatus

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The GSAhyperspectralapparatus (Russian: Гиперспектральная аппаратура or ГСА,lit.Hyperspectral Apparatus or 'GSA') is the product of collaboration between NPP Opteks, formerState Scientific Research and Production Center(TsSKB,now a part ofRoscosmos), and optics producerKrasnogorsky Zavod.[10]

GSA collects in 216 spectral channels with a spectral resolution between 5–10 nanometers and a spatial resolution of 30 meters over a 30 kilometer swath (all at nadir and 475 kilometeraltitude) at 14 bits perpixel.[10]The spectral range of GSA is between 0.4 μm and 1.1 μm which spans the visible spectrum and nearly half of the near-infrared spectrum.

AIS Receiver

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All Resurs-P satellites carry anAutomatic Identification System(AIS)receiverto track maritime vessels.[11]

Noronas-Nuklon High-Energy Particle Detector

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The second satellite of the series, Resurs-P No.2 was uniquely chosen to carry the Koronas-Nuklonhigh-energy particledetector as a secondary payload for the Research Institute of Nuclear Physics ofMoscow State University.The detector absorbscosmic ray nucleiin the 1 to 1,000TeVenergy range and was originally planned to be independently deployed on a free-flying satellite of its own but the plans for the satellite were cancelled and the sensor instead put on Resurs-P No.2.[12]This collection concluded with Resurs-P No.2's withdrawal from orbit.[3]

Spacecraft

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TheResurs-Pspacecraft was built by the Russian space companyTsSKB ProgressinSamara, Russia.It is a modified version of the militaryreconnaissance satelliteYantar-4KS1(Terilen).[13]The spacecraft is three-axis stabilized. The design lifetime is no less than five years. The ground location accuracy is 10 metres (33 ft). The maximum daily imaging area is 1,000,000 square kilometres (390,000 sq mi) and the spacecraft has a 3-dayrevisit rate.

Satellites

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All Resurs-P satellites are launched fromBaikonur Cosmodromein Kazakhstan on aSoyuz-2.1b.

English Name Russian Name Launch Date Orbit Entry Flight Number SCN Operational Status
Resurs-P No.1 «Ресурс-П» No. 1 25 June 2013 21:28:48 2013-030A 39186 Withdrawn from orbit 3.5 years after expected service life due to onboard equipment failure.[5]The satellite disintegrated on June 26, 2024, leaving over 100 trackable pieces of orbital debris.[14]
Resurs-P No.2 «Ресурс-П» No. 2 26 December 2014 21:55 2014-087A 40360 Withdrawn from orbit due to critical, post-launch issues;[15]went out of order in 2016 and 2017 due to thermal control system and onboard computer faults; despite repeated fixes, satellite "didn't work even half the time."[3]
Resurs-P No.3 «Ресурс-П» No. 3 13 March 2016 21:56 2016-016A 41386 Operational 3 years after expected service life. Previously under review for decommissioning from 2017 to April 2022 due to downlink transmitter failures; system functioned for "only five months out of the prescribed five years";[3]one of the solar arrays failed to open for first ten days[16]Decayed from orbit on 17 October 2023.[17]
Resurs-P No.4 «Ресурс-П» No. 4 31 March 2024[18] 12:36:45 2024-061A 59371 Launched into orbit in March 2024; put into operation in June 2024.[19]
Resurs-P No.5 «Ресурс-П» No. 5 2024[20] Incomplete assembly with equipment delivery expected at the end of Summer 2023; transfer tocosmodromescheduled for end of 2023[5]

Anticipated replacement by Resurs-PM

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In December 2021, TheProgress Rocket and Space CenterofRoscosmosannounced to leading Russian state-owned news agencyTASSthat they were manufacturing new Resurs-PM satellites to succeed the Resurs-P satellite series and were projecting the first launch in 2023 or 2024. According to the manufacturer, the new Resurs-PM series will have animaging resolutionof 0.4 meters — an improvement from the current 1 meter maximum resolution.[4]

In mid-April 2022, The Department of Optical and Physical Research of theRussian Academy of Sciences'Space Research Instituteannounced its completion of the next-generation ofstar trackersnecessary for satellite orientation on board the developing Resurs-PM. The department claims the new device, BOKZ-MR, after seven years of development, are 5–10 times better than the previous model aboard the Resurs-P series satellites and is the "most high-precision instrument in the world" with improved information update frequency, range of operatingangular velocities,andnoiseimmunity. Developers claim its measurement characteristics are 0.4 fractions of anarc second,and, as of April, 20 devices had been manufactured, tested, and delivered to the Resurs-PM assembly teams.[21]

As of December 2022, the launches of the first two Resurs-PM satellites are planned for 2024 and 2025 respectively.[22]

See also

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References

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  1. ^Zak, Anatoly."Resurs-P remote-sensing satellite".RussianSpaceWeb.Retrieved29 June2013.
  2. ^""TsSKB Progress" will make satellite "Resource-P-3" for sensing ".RIA Novosti. 31 May 2012.Retrieved24 June2013.
  3. ^abcdeSynergiev, Ivan (26 November 2018)."Космической группировке не хватило" Ресурса "".Коммерсант.Retrieved8 May2022.
  4. ^ab"В России уже изготавливаются первые спутники нового поколения" Ресурс-ПМ "".TASS(in Russian). 10 December 2021.Retrieved8 May2022.
  5. ^abc"Спутник" Ресурс-П "№1 вывели из состава группировки после отказа бортовой аппаратуры".TASS(in Russian). 18 January 2022.Retrieved8 May2022.
  6. ^"Soyuz launches Resurs-P4 imaging satellite".www.russianspaceweb.com.Retrieved2024-04-01.
  7. ^"CEOS EO Handbook - Instrument Summary - Geotron-L1".The CEOS Database.Retrieved8 May2022.
  8. ^"Лучший фотоспутник России".11 November 2014.Retrieved8 May2022.
  9. ^abcdefBaklanov, A. I.; Afonin, A. N.; Blinov, V. D.; Zabiyakin, A. S. (2016-07-14)."СWSME – complex of wide-swath multispectral equipment for the" Resource-P "spacecraft".VESTNIK of the Samara State Aerospace University.15(2): 22.doi:10.18287/2412-7329-2016-15-2-22-29.ISSN2412-7329.
  10. ^abKopelevich, O."Гиперспектральная аппаратура на российском КА" Ресурс-П ""(PDF).Retrieved8 May2022.
  11. ^"Программа РЕСУРС: общие характеристики программы и данные дистанционного зондирования".Vykidalka.Ru.Retrieved8 May2022.
  12. ^"Телескоп" Коронас-Нуклон "поможет понять тайну галактического" излома "".RIA Novosti(in Russian). 19 August 2011.Retrieved8 May2022.
  13. ^"Yantar-4KS1".Astronautix.com.Archived fromthe originalon February 28, 2002.Retrieved12 August2011.
  14. ^"Press Release: Break-up of Russian-owned space object".United States Space Command(Press release). 27 June 2024.Retrieved27 June2024.
  15. ^"Роскосмос вывел из состава орбитальной группировки спутник" Ресурс-П "№2".TASS.26 November 2018.Retrieved8 May2022.
  16. ^Новости, Р. И. А. (2016-03-23)."Спутник" Ресурс-П "№3 передал на Землю первые снимки".РИА Новости(in Russian).Retrieved2022-05-08.
  17. ^"RESURS P3".N2YO.com.17 October 2023.Retrieved20 October2023.
  18. ^"Стартовавшая с Байконура ракета «Союз-2.1б» вывела на орбиту спутник дистанционного зондирования Земли «Ресурс-П» № 4"[The «Soyuz-2.1b» rocket launched from Baikonur put into orbit the «Resurs-P» Earth remote sensing satellite № 4]. 31 March 2024.
  19. ^"Космический аппарат дистанционного зондирования Земли «Ресурс-П» № 4 принят в эксплуатацию"[The Earth remote sensing spacecraft «Resurs-P» № 4 was put into operation]. 18 June 2024.
  20. ^"Спутник" Ресурс-П "№4 запустят летом 2023 года"[Satellite "Resurs-P" No. 4 will be launched in the summer of 2023].TASS(in Russian). 30 January 2023.Retrieved31 January2023.
  21. ^"Институт РАН завершил разработку самого высокоточного прибора ориентации спутников в мире".TASS(in Russian). 18 April 2022.Retrieved8 May2022.
  22. ^""Роскосмос" в 2023 г. планирует запустить 9 спутников дистанционного зондирования Земли "[Roscosmos plans to launch 9 Earth remote sensing satellites in 2023].Interfax(in Russian). 14 November 2022.Retrieved15 December2022.
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