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Rick Snyder

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Rick Snyder
Snyder in 2017
48thGovernor of Michigan
In office
January 1, 2011 – January 1, 2019
LieutenantBrian Calley
Preceded byJennifer Granholm
Succeeded byGretchen Whitmer
Personal details
Born
Richard Dale Snyder

(1958-08-19)August 19, 1958(age 66)
Battle Creek, Michigan,U.S.
Political partyRepublican
Spouse
Sue Snyder
​
(m.1987)​
Children3
EducationUniversity of Michigan(BGS,MBA,JD)
Signature

Richard Dale Snyder(born August 19, 1958) is an American business executive, venture capitalist, attorney, accountant, and politician who served as the 48thgovernor of Michiganfrom 2011 to 2019.

Snyder, who was born inBattle Creek, Michigan,began his career in business in 1982. He waschairman of the boardofGatewayfrom 2005 to 2007, a co-founder of Ardesta, LLC, aventure capitalfirm, HealthMedia, Inc., a digital health coaching company, and is currently CEO of SensCy,[1]a cybersecurity company based inAnn Arbor, Michigan.[2]

A member of theRepublican Party,[3]he won the2010 Michigan gubernatorial electionand won reelection in2014.[4]Snyder was term-limited and could not seek re-election in2018and was succeeded by DemocratGretchen Whitmer.Snyder was considered a possible Republican Party candidate forVice President of the United Statesin2012,although ultimatelyPaul Ryanwas selected.[5][6][7][8]

In 2014, Snyder gained national attention during theFlint water crisis,in which he was accused of mishandling the situation that exposed thousands of Flint residents to lead-contaminated water. A report by the University of Michigan School of Public Health concluded Snyder bore "significant legal responsibility" for the Flint water crisis.[9]In 2020, an article was published inVicedetailing evidence of corruption and a cover-up by Snyder, including that he was warned repeatedly about the dangerous effects of the decisions he had made about the Flint water supply.[10]In January 2021, Snyder was among those criminally charged for the crisis.[11]He pled not guilty to two misdemeanor charges.[12][13][14]In December 2022 Genesee County JudgeF. Kay Behmdismissed the charges.[15]

Early life, education, and family

[edit]

Snyder was born to Dale F. and Helen Louella Snyder in Battle Creek, Michigan, where he was raised. His father owned a localwindow-cleaningcompany in Battle Creek, and was of paternalDutchdescent.[16]He has an elder sister.[17]When he was 16, he took a business class atKellogg Community Collegeon weekends. By his senior year at Lakeview High School inCalhoun County,Snyder had earned 23 college credits.[18]

Snyder visited the admissions office of theUniversity of Michiganin November 1975 and spoke with the admissions director, who recommended that Snyder attend Michigan and create his own degree.[19]Snyder received aBachelor of General Studiesin 1977, aMaster of Business Administrationin 1979, and aJuris Doctorin 1982, all from the University of Michigan.[20][21]Snyder is also aCertified Public Accountant(CPA).[22]

He resides inAnn Arbor, Michiganwith his wife Sue and their three children and has a vacation home nearGun Lake.[23]The couple were married in 1987 at Cherry Hill Presbyterian Church inDearborn, Michigan.[24]Snyder has indicated he is a practicingPresbyterian.[24]

Michigan Governor Rick Snyder with First Lady Sue Snyder, at Ford Field in Detroit, January 18, 2013

Business career

[edit]

Coopers & Lybrand

[edit]

Snyder was employed withCoopers & Lybrand,from 1982 to 1991, beginning in the tax department of theDetroitoffice. Snyder was named partner in 1988. The next year, Snyder was named partner-in-charge of themergers and acquisitionspractice in theChicagooffice.[25]He served as anadjunctassistant professorof accounting at the University of Michigan from 1982 to 1984.[26]

Gateway, Inc.

[edit]

Snyder joined the computer companyGateway(based inIrvine,California) in 1991 as the executive vice president. He served as president and chief operating officer from 1996 to 1997. He remained on the board of directors until 2007.[27]From 2005 to 2007, Snyder served as the chairman of the board. During 2006, Snyder served as interim chief executive officer while a search for a permanent replacement was made. His tenure on the Gateway board ran from 1991 to 2007 until Gateway was sold toAcer Inc.Snyder stated that he did not vote for outsourcing while he was a Gateway board director and he worked to bring jobs to America as the interim CEO of Gateway.[28]

Venture Capital / Investments

[edit]

In 1997, Snyder returned to Ann Arbor to found Avalon Investments Inc., aventure capitalcompany with a $100 million fund, along with the co-founder of Gateway,Ted Waitt.Snyder was president and chief executive officer of Avalon from 1997 to 2000. He then co-founded ArdestaLLC,an investment firm, in 2000 along with three co-founders, which invested in 20 start-up companies through 2011. He was chairman and chief executive officer of the company.

HealthMedia, Inc.

[edit]

In 1998, Snyder angel funded and co-founded, with University of Michigan (U-M) School of Public Health professorVictor Strecher, Ph.D.,HealthMedia Incorporated (HMI), a developer of digital health coaching applications that implemented tailored questionnaires to gather personal information with the goal of creating customized health promotion plans for individuals. The U-M'sOffice of Technology Transferplayed an integral role in helping HMI get started with Vic Strecher as the founding CEO and the U-M's publicly funded Health Media Research Laboratory (founded and directed by Strecher and now called theCenter for Health Communications Research) providing the new company with exclusive research and development findings into health-related computerized tailored messaging and the exclusive licence to sell that content (UM spawns spinoffs, patents). Despite these university-based start-up and R&D advantages, HMI got off to a poor performance start and in 2001 Snyder replaced the founding CEO (Strecher remained on the HMI board) and personally rescued the company from insolvency with more of his own money. After multiple rounds of more additional financing through venture capital (Arboretum Ventures, Ardesta, Avalon Capital Group, AvTech Ventures, Chrysalis Ventures, Princeton Fund) and yet never achieving profitability, HMI was sold in 2008 for a reported $200 million toJohnson & Johnson.The sale of HMI transferred the ownership of all the personal health information accrued from their millions of users to Johnson & Johnson and played a key role in the negotiated price. At the time of the reported $200 million deal, U-M PresidentMary Sue Colemanwas on Johnson & Johnson's board of directors and the U-M secured millions of dollars with its equity stake in the company.[29]When campaigning for Michigan governor in 2010, Snyder was quoted as saying, "That company (HMI) is one of the best success stories in the state." (Office of Technology Transfer – University of Michigan) (The Ann Arbor Chronicle | Live at PJ’s: It’s HealthMedia!). Following Snyder's election as Michigan governor, Johnson & Johnson then folded HMI into a subsidiary (Johnson & Johnson Health and Wellness Solutions) and is no longer operating in the state of Michigan.[30][31]

SensCy, Inc.

[edit]

In July, 2022, Snyder co-founded SensCy along with former State of Michigan CIO David Behen[32]Ann Arbor entrepreneur Bhushan Kulkarni,[33]and Dave Kelly[34]who led cyber command for the Michigan State Police. SensCy is a cybersecurity start-up focused on helping small and medium-sized organizations improve their cyberhealth. Snyder's firm invented the SensCy Score,[35]a numeric representation of an organization's cyberhealth. The SensCy Score is similar to the FICO score used for credit worthiness as it provides visibility into how a company is performing on key cybersecurity metrics. SensCy stands for Sensible Cyber and aims to be the trusted guide for small and medium-sized organizations.

Non-profit service

[edit]

Snyder serves on the boards of theHenry Ford Museum and Greenfield Village(a National Historic Landmark), the Michigan chapter of theNature Conservancy,and several boards associated with his alma mater the University of Michigan. He was also first chair of the Michigan Economic Development Corporation in 1999 under Republican governorJohn Englerand was also the chair ofAnn Arbor SPARK.

Gubernatorial elections

[edit]

2010

[edit]
Main article:2010 Michigan gubernatorial election
Rick Snyder in 2009

Snyder competed withOakland CountySheriffMike Bouchard,state SenatorTom George,United States CongressmanPeter Hoekstra,andMichigan Attorney GeneralMike Coxas candidates for the Republicangubernatorialnomination.Bill Ford Jr.,chairman of theFord Motor Company,endorsed Snyder for the Republican nomination for governor.[36][37]He campaigned as "pro-life, pro-Second Amendment, [and] pro-family," with a focus on the economy.[21]His campaign emphasized his experience in growing business and creating jobs in the private sector, saying that his opponents were mainly career politicians. Snyder favors the standard exceptions on abortion for rape, incest, and saving the life of the mother (he signed legislation banningpartial birthabortion in October 2011); he opposes federal funding of abortions; he would not ban embryonic stem cell research; he supports upholding traditional marriage, but would allow civil unions.[38][39]

In August 2010, Snyder won the primary to secure the Republican nomination with apluralityof 36% of the vote. In the general election in November, Snyder faced Democratic nomineeVirg Bernero,the mayor ofLansing,and threeminor partycandidates. In October 2010, Snyder's campaign total exceeded $11.6 million, outpacing his opponent.[40]Snyder released his tax returns for 2007 and 2008.[41]Snyder won with 58 percent of the vote.[42]

With Snyder's election in 2010, Republicans gained a majority in the Michigan House and increased the Republican majority held in the Michigan Senate. Snyder was the firstCertified Public Accountant(CPA) to be elected governor of the state and at the time, the only CPA to serve as a governor in the United States.[43]

2014

[edit]
Main article:2014 Michigan gubernatorial election

In January 2014, Snyder launched his campaign for a second term as governor.[44][45]He was unopposed in the Republican primary and faced Democratic former United States RepresentativeMark Schauerfor the general election.[46]Snyder was considered vulnerable in his bid for a second term, as reflected in his low approval ratings,[47][48][49][50]however, Schauer suffered from a lack of name recognition.[51][52]He garnered approximately 51% of the vote in the November 2014 election, defeating Schauer and earning a second term.[4]

Governor of Michigan

[edit]

Tenure

[edit]
Governor Snyder takes the oath fromMichigan Supreme CourtChief JusticeMarilyn Kelly
Snyder (far right) with (from left to right)United States Deputy Secretary of StateThomas R. Nides,United States Ambassador to CanadaDavid Jacobson,CanadianMinister of Statefor Science and TechnologyGary Goodyear,Governor General of CanadaDavid Johnston,and Canada 2020 ChairDon Newmanat the US–Canada Partnership: Enhancing the Innovation Ecosystem conference at theChâteau LaurierinOttawa,Ontario,November 2, 2011.

Snyder was inaugurated as governor on January 1, 2011, at theCapitolinLansing.His first executive order as governor was to divide the Department of Natural Resources and Environment into two distinct departments as they were a few years before: the Department of Natural Resources and the Department of Environmental Quality.[53][54]

On January 7, 2011, Snyder announced he was appointing Michigan Supreme Court JusticeMaura D. Corriganto head the Department of Human Services and appointed Michigan Appeals Court JudgeBrian K. Zahrato fill the resulting Supreme Court vacancy. Snyder delivered his first State of the State address on January 19, the earliest Michigan State of the State since Governor John Engler's 1996 address on January 17. He endorsed theDetroit River International Crossingfor the first time publicly in the address, which was received favorably by Republicans.[55]Snyder appointedAndy Dillon,a pro-life Democrat,[56]and formerly Speaker of the House, to serve as state treasurer in his administration.

Snyder presented his first budget to the legislature on February 17, 2011,[57]calling it a plan for "Michigan's reinvention," and saying it would end Michigan's deficits. He described the budget as containing "shared sacrifice" but added that his budget plan would create jobs and spur economic growth. The $46 billion budget reduced $1.8 billion in spending, raised taxes by eliminating tax exemptions on pensions, while at the same time abolished the state's complex business tax, replacing it with a significantly reduced flat tax on the profits ofC corporations.This shift in tax burden led State Senate Minority Leader Gretchen Whitmer to criticize the budget, saying that it did not involve "shared sacrifice," but instead was balanced "on the backs of our kids, working families, and our seniors" and "picks out who he's willing to leave behind."[58]Snyder supported the government backed rescue of the American auto industry. This reflected the view of a 56% of Americans in 2012 who supported the 2009 auto bailout according to a Pew Research Center poll (63% support in Michigan).[59]

On March 16, 2011, Snyder signed a controversial bill into law that gave increased powers toemergency managersof local municipalities to resolve financial matters.[60]The bill was repealed by voter initiative in November 2012. However, weeks later in December 2012 Snyder signed a revised version of the bill back into law.[61]

On December 22, 2011, Snyder signed into law The Public Employee Domestic Partner Benefit Restriction Act, which prevents the same-sex domestic partners of public employees at both the state and local level from receiving health benefits. In January 2012, theACLUfiled a lawsuit against Snyder and the state of Michigan in federal court on behalf of five Michigan same-sex couples, each with one spouse working for local public schools or municipalities in Michigan. The suit alleged that the law violates theequal protection clauseof theFourteenth Amendmentof theUnited States Constitution.[62][63]On June 28, 2013, a federal judge struck down the law.[64]He has also engaged in trade missions toEuropeandAsia,focused on attracting attention on companies such asChrysler.[65]

Following approval from the legislature, Snyder signed the fiscal year 2012 budget in June, the earliest it had been completed in three decades.[66]In May 2012, Snyder joined a bipartisan effort urging theU.S. Congressto pass a measure to affirm that States can collect sales taxes on online purchases.[67][68]

As governor, Snyder abolished the state's complex business tax in favor of aflat tax,and signed a bill which raised taxes by eliminating tax exemptions for pensions. For years Snyder had said anti-union legislation was not on his agenda, when on the morning of December 6, 2012, during alame ducksession of the Republican-controlled Michigan legislature, Snyder called a joint press conference with the legislative leadership to announce fast-trackright-to-work legislation.The legislation passed both houses of the Michigan legislature that day, without committee votes or public hearings. A $1 million appropriation added to the legislation made it ineligible for repeal via referendum.[69]On December 10, PresidentBarack ObamavisitedDaimler AG'sDetroit Dieselfactory inRedford, Michigan,and told employees the legislation was about the "right to work for less money."[70][71]The law effectively provides that payment of union dues cannot be required as a condition of employment.[72]After a required four-day wait between the houses of the legislature passing each other's bills,[73]Snyder signed the legislation into law on December 11, 2012, making Michigan the 24th right-to-work state in the United States as part of a plan to attract business and jobs to the state.[74][75][76]The Employee Free Choice Act, as it was named, has received mixed results in polls.[77]

A Market Research Group poll conducted in March 2012 showed Snyder's approval rating rising to 50% among likely voters, which matched that of President Barack Obama, placing Snyder among the most popular Republican governors in states carried by Obama in the 2008 election cycle.[78]Snyder was briefly mentioned as a possible pick to be the Republican Party candidate forVice President of the United Statesin 2012.[5][6][79]His business executive background and 'positive' style were cited as political assets, with his deeds seen as strengthening the case for electing a business executive candidate as President of the United States.[80][81][82]He was also mentioned as a potential Republican Party candidate forPresident of the United Statesin 2016.[83][84][85][86]

In December 2012, Snyder signed legislation requiring facilities where at least 120abortionswere performed annually to obtain a state license as freestanding surgical facilities.[87]Planned Parenthood had urged Snyder to veto the bill claiming it unnecessarily increases costs.[88]

In January 2013, Snyder traveled toIsraelto meet withPrime MinisterBenjamin Netanyahu.He was last in Israel in 1999 as a venture capitalist. "I had a chance to see the start of high-tech boom in Israel and that's great to see. This is really a startup nation. They've done a great job of being entrepreneurial, innovative, and that's a major part of their economy now and the good part is we can learn from that."[89]

In March 2013, Snyder announced afinancial emergencyfor the city of Detroit[90]and appointed an emergency manager,Kevyn Orr.As a result of emergency manager appointments under Snyder's watch, over half of the state's black population lived in cities where the local government was appointed rather than elected by the voters.[91]

On December 27, 2013, Snyder signed a bill into law which nullified Section 1021 of theNational Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012,which contained a controversial provision that allowed the government and the military to indefinitely detain American citizens and others without trial.[92]

On January 23, 2014, Snyder announced plans to offer visas to 50,000 immigrant workers with advanced degrees to help jumpstart the Detroit economy. The program's advocates claimed the program was expected to bring an influx of new jobs and a more stable tax base.[93]

In June 2014, Snyder appointed a 15-member commission for improving and reforming Michigan's public defense efforts for the poor in the criminal justice system in order to effectively meet and ensure the rights safeguarded by the Constitution.[94]

On September 10, Detroit reached a deal with three Michigan counties over regional water and sewer services that was hoped to eliminate one roadblock to federal court approval of the city's plan to adjust its debt and exit bankruptcy. The deal with Oakland, Wayne and Macomb counties created a regional water and sewer authority, but allowed Detroit to maintain control of its local system. The deal was crucial to adjusting the city's $18 billion of debt and exiting the biggest-ever municipal bankruptcy.[95]

On December 18, the Governor issued an executive order to establish theMichigan Department of Talent and Economic Developmentto house a new state agency, Talent Investment Agency, created from the merger of Michigan State Housing and Development Authority, the Workforce Development Agency, the Governor's Talent Investment Board and the Unemployment Insurance Agency. Over objections from the state legislature, the department would come into effect 60 days after the start of the next legislative session.[96]

In November 2015, Governor Rick Snyder declared his opposition to permitting Syrian refugee relocation to the state of Michigan.[97]

A compilation of online surveys showed that Snyder's approval rating was below 40 percent in April 2018.[98]

In December 2018, Snyder granted clemency to 61 Michigan prisoners.[99]

Cabinet

[edit]
Name Title(s)
Nick Lyon
Nick Khouri
Roger Curtis Director of theDepartment of Talent and Economic Development
Jeff Mason CEO of the Michigan Economic Development Corporation
David De Vries
Maj. Gen. Gregory J. Vadnais
Heidi Grether
Jamie Clover Adams Director of theDepartment of Agriculture and Rural Development(DARD)
Kriste Etue Director of the Department ofState Police
Brian J. Whiston Superintendent of Public Instruction
Heidi E. Washington Director of theDepartment of Corrections
Shelly Edgerton Director of theDepartment of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs(LARA)
Agustin V. Arbulu Director of theDepartment of Civil Rights(DCR)
Kirk T. Steudle Director of theDepartment of Transportation(DOT)
Keith Creagh Director of theDepartment of Natural Resources(DNR)
Patrick M. McPharlin Director of theDepartment of Insurance and Financial Services(DIFS)
James Robert Redford Director of theVeterans Affairs Agency
Wanda Stokes Director of the Michigan Talent Investment Agency

Flint water crisis

[edit]
Main article:Flint water crisis

From 2011 to 2015, Snyder appointed several individuals asEmergency ManagersforFlint, Michigan.In 2014, emergency managerDarnell Earleywas responsible for changing the source of drinking water for the city to theFlint River,which hastrihalomethanes(TTHM) in it.[100]It was later discovered that the water was too corrosive, and leached lead out of the service lines that was then ingested by the people of the city.[101][102]In September 2015, a study by theHurley Medical Centerfound that the community's children were beingpoisoned by the lead.[103]While Flint transitioned back to its prior source of water in October 2015,[104]lead levels in the city's water remain above the federal action level.[105][106]

Amid allegations that the Michigan Health Department was stalling water treatment expertMarc Edwards' effort to obtain public records, journalists have asked when the State of Michigan knew about the lead poisoning.[107]Details were released by theDetroit Free PressandThe Detroit Newson 26 February 2016 that Valerie Brader, Snyder's senior policy adviser and deputy legal counsel, and his chief legal counsel Mike Gadola had expressed concerns to him about Flint's water in October 2014, nearly six months after Flint had begun using the river water to save money, despite Governor Snyder claiming he was unaware of the issue until very recently.[108]

A petition from Angelo Scott Brown, a Flint pastor and former Democratic Party gubernatorial candidate, torecallSnyder was denied by the Board of State Canvassers.[109][110]Filmmaker and Flint nativeMichael Moorehas called for Snyder's arrest on charges of corruption and assault, and has started a petition on his website.[111][112]

On November 13, 2015, four families filed a federalclass actionlawsuit in theU.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Michiganin Detroit against Snyder and thirteen other city and state officials, including former Flint MayorDayne Wallingand ex-emergency financial manager Darnell Earley. Thecomplaintalleges that the officials actedrecklesslyandnegligently,leading to serious injuries fromlead poisoning,includingautoimmune disorders,skin lesions,and "brain fog."[113][114][115]

On December 15, 2015, Mayor Weaver declared the water issue as a citywide public health state of emergency to prompt help from state and federal officials.[116]Snyder apologized for the incident.[117][118]Snyder declared a State of Emergency on January 5, 2016, forGenesee County, Michigan.

On January 16, 2016, Snyder requested that the federal government declare a state of emergency in Flint.[119]

According toThe Detroit NewsandNPR,"...in March 2016 Snyder released a new 75-point action plan to address the contamination crisis, calling for a “much higher standard” for drinking water regulations but stopping short of advocating for complete replacement of all underground lead service lines in the city. The plan included short-, intermediate- and long-term goals, including making infrastructure improvements; creating a data-sharing agreement with state and federal environmental agencies; and setting up a protocol for a “drinkability declaration” for Flint water. "[120][121]

In mid-April 2016, Snyder initiated his own 30-Day Flint Challenge. "The plan was to drink solely Flint tap water for an entire month to show residents that the water was safe and that he cared about the people."[122]However, the Detroit Metro Times reported that the governor left town on April 23 to spend the week touring Europe for trade discussions, breaking his promise.

In July 2018, Drs Hernan Gomez of the University of Michigan and Kim Dietrich of theUniversity of Cincinnati,toxicology and environmental health experts, published anOp-edarticle inthe New York Timestitled “The Children of Flint were not ‘Poisoned.” In the essay article the authors referred to the findings in a study“Toxicohistrionics”: Flint, Michigan and the Lead Crisispublished in the June issue ofThe Journal of Pediatrics.[123]According to their opinion and the study, there was a small increase of children whose blood lead levels surpassed the Centers for Disease Control reference level (from 2.2 percent to 3.7 percent), but none were at a level that required urgent medical treatment. "[124][125]

On April 16, 2020, an article was published giving details of evidence of corruption and a cover-up by Snyder and his "fixer" Rich Baird, and saying the statute of limitations on some of the most serious felony misconduct-in-office charges would expire on April 25, 2020. The article was published byVice News,written byJordan Charitonand Jenn Dize, the co-founders ofStatus Coup,with photos by Brittany Greeson.[126]Responses from Michigan state authorities denied that a deadline was approaching and said that criminal prosecutions would follow.[127][128]

On January 12, 2021, It was announced that nine former government officials including Rick Snyder would face charges resulting from the Flint water crisis.[129][130]Snyder was charged with two misdemeanors of willful neglect but he pleaded not guilty to the charges.[13][12][131]Following its practice of paying the legal costs for state employees charged with a criminal offense, the administrative board of Michigan approved an up to $1.45 million contract withWarner Norcross & Juddlaw corporation to defend the former governor Snyder.[132]

Subsequent career

[edit]

Just before leaving the governor's office, Snyder formed a new Ann Arbor based company called RPAction LLC whose staff consists of former officials of the Snyder administration.[133]

On June 29, 2019, Snyder accepted a soon-to-be appointment at Harvard to share his knowledge of state and local government.[134]On July 3, he tweeted that he was "turning down" the offer: "It would have been exciting to share my experiences, both positive and negative; our current political environment and its lack of civility makes this too disruptive. I wish them the best."[135]

Snyder endorsedDemocratJoe Bidenduring the2020 United States presidential election,alleging that "President Trump lacks a moral compass. He ignores the truth" and that the president "also demonstrated that he does not fully appreciate policy matters, including public health, the economy and foreign relations, nor does he seem to want to learn."[136]

Electoral history

[edit]
Republican Primary – 2010 Michigan gubernatorial election[137]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Rick Snyder 381,327 36.4
Republican Pete Hoekstra 280,976 26.8
Republican Mike Cox 240,409 23.0
Republican Mike Bouchard 127,350 12.2
Republican Tom George 16,986 1.6
Total votes 1,044,925 100
Michigan gubernatorial election, 2010[138]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Rick Snyder 1,874,834 58.11% +15.81%
Democratic Virg Bernero 1,287,320 39.90% −16.46%
Libertarian Ken Proctor 22,390 0.69% +0.08%
Constitution Stacey Mathia 20,818 0.65% +0.46%
Green Harley Mikkelson 20,699 0.64% +0.12%
Majority 587,514 18.21% +4.15%
Turnout 3,226,088
RepublicangainfromDemocratic Swing
Michigan gubernatorial election, 2014[139]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Rick Snyder (incumbent) 1,607,399 50.92% −7.19%
Democratic Mark Schauer 1,479,057 46.86% +6.96%
Libertarian Mary Buzuma 35,723 1.13% +0.44%
Constitution Mark McFarlin 19,368 0.61% −0.04%
Green Paul Homeniuk 14,934 0.47% −0.17%
Write-ins 50 0.00% 0.00%
Majority 128,342 4.06% −14.15%
Turnout 3,156,531 −2.16%
Republicanhold Swing

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Team, The SensCy (January 14, 2022)."About SensCy - SensCy".RetrievedFebruary 7,2023.
  2. ^Christoff, Chris; Bell, Dawson; Dixon, Jennifer (November 2, 2010)."Snyder leads Republicans to sweep of Michigan's top 3 posts".Detroit Free Press.Archived fromthe originalon November 8, 2010.
  3. ^Luke, Peter (January 1, 2011)."Gov. Rick Snyder celebrates taking office with 'clean slate' at Inauguration".Mlive.com.RetrievedMarch 20,2011.
  4. ^abEgan, Paul (November 5, 2014)."Snyder defeats Schauer in election for governor".Detroit Free Press.RetrievedDecember 13,2014.
  5. ^abBell, Dawson (May 4, 2012)."Rick Snyder for vice president?".Detroit Free Press.
  6. ^ab"Experts: Snyder Good Choice For Vice President".WILX.May 4, 2012. Archived fromthe originalon May 20, 2012.RetrievedMay 6,2012.
  7. ^"One Tough Veep? Snyder Won't Quash Romney Running Mate Rumors".detroit.cbslocal.com.Lansing: CBS Local Media. WWJ. May 3, 2012.RetrievedDecember 13,2014.
  8. ^Anders, Melissa (May 3, 2012)."Michigan Gov. Rick Snyder as Mitt Romney's vice presidential candidate?",MLive.com. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
  9. ^Fonger, Ron (February 20, 2018)."UM report: Gov. Snyder bears 'significant legal responsibility' for Flint water crisis".
  10. ^"Michigan's Ex-Gov. Rick Snyder Knew About Flint's Toxic Water - and Lied About It".April 16, 2020.RetrievedApril 16,2020.
  11. ^"Michigan plans to charge ex-Gov. Snyder in Flint water probe".WSAZ-TV.January 12, 2021.
  12. ^ab"Ex-Gov. Rick Snyder pleads not guilty as nine face charges in Flint water crisis".Detroit Free Press. January 14, 2021.
  13. ^abOlesko, Andy (January 14, 2021)."Former Michigan Governor Pleads Not Guilty in Flint Water Case".Court House News.
  14. ^"Former Michigan Gov. Rick Snyder charged in Flint water crisis".NBC News. January 13, 2021.
  15. ^"Flint water crisis charges dismissed against ex-Gov. Snyder".AP News.December 10, 2022.RetrievedDecember 28,2023.
  16. ^Portrait and Biographical Album of Ionia and Montcalm Counties, Mich.Chicago: Chapman Bros. 1891. p.385.RetrievedJuly 12,2019.hung out his 'shingle' here in the fall of 1878, immediately after his graduation from the Bennett Medical College in Chicago.
  17. ^Drake, Bruce."How Old Is Rick Snyder?".PoliticsDaily.com.RetrievedJuly 19,2013.
  18. ^McVicar, Brian (May 4, 2011)."Gov. Snyder's message to Muskegon Community College graduates: Optimism and positive action".The Muskegon Chronicle.RetrievedNovember 5,2011.
  19. ^"Michigan Governor Rick Snyder addresses University of Michigan Spring Commencement 2011".YouTube.Archivedfrom the original on December 14, 2021.RetrievedNovember 5,2011.
  20. ^"Governor Rick Snyder's biography at".Votesmart.org.RetrievedJuly 19,2013.
  21. ^abBomey, Nathan (September 9, 2009).Ann Arbor venture capitalist Rick Snyder lands gubernatorial endorsementsArchivedMarch 3, 2016, at theWayback Machine,AnnArbor.com. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
  22. ^Tysiac, Ken (December 2012). "Snyder's Challenge: Reinvigorating Michigan".Journal of Accountancy.214(6).American Institute of Certified Public Accountants:22–25.
  23. ^Bauer, Julia (May 6, 2009)."Ex-Gateway Computers CEO Offers Advice to Entrepreneurs".MLive.com; The Grand Rapids Press.Archived fromthe originalon March 5, 2016.RetrievedOctober 5,2016.
  24. ^abBomey, Nathan (July 4, 2010)."Rick Snyder: Nerd. Accountant. Computer executive. Investor. Governor?".AnnArbor.com.Archived fromthe originalon February 9, 2012.RetrievedMarch 7,2013.
  25. ^"Venture Capitalist Rick Snyder Exploring Governor's Race".Crain's Detroit Business.Associated Press.March 20, 2009.RetrievedDecember 13,2014.
  26. ^Akhtar, Allana (October 7, 2014)."Snyder keeps deep ties in Ann Arbor as election approaches".The Michigan Daily.RetrievedOctober 5,2016.
  27. ^"Gateway CEO Steps Down".InternetNews.com.February 9, 2006.RetrievedDecember 13,2014.
  28. ^"Rick Snyder Talks About Gateway Outsourcing and Bid for Governor".AnnArbor.com. February 20, 2010.RetrievedDecember 13,2014.
  29. ^Rigg, Sarah (October 30, 2008)."Johnson & Johnson acquires Ann Arbor's software firm HealthMedia".M-Live.RetrievedOctober 30,2008.
  30. ^Bomey, Nathan (July 4, 2010)."Profile: Rick Snyder brings successful private-sector experience to gubernatorial race".M-Live.RetrievedJuly 4,2010.
  31. ^Bomey, Nathan (January 27, 2012)."Johnson & Johnson renames HealthMedia unit after mix of Ann Arbor layoffs".M-Live.RetrievedJanuary 27,2012.
  32. ^"Rick Snyder, Former Michigan CIO David Behen Start Cyber Firm".GovTech.July 26, 2022.RetrievedFebruary 7,2023.
  33. ^"Former Gov. Rick Snyder launches cybersecurity company".Crain's Detroit Business.July 25, 2022.RetrievedFebruary 7,2023.
  34. ^Williams, Candice."Former Michigan Gov. Rick Snyder, partners launch cybersecurity firm".The Detroit News.RetrievedFebruary 7,2023.
  35. ^jhaxell (December 12, 2022)."SensCy nets seed round to help others with cybersecurity health".FinTech Global.RetrievedFebruary 7,2023.
  36. ^Bill Ford Jr. endorses Ann Arbor's Rick Snyder for governorArchivedMarch 4, 2016, at theWayback Machine,AnnArbor.com, September 24, 2009.
  37. ^Bill Ford backs Rick Snyder for Michigan governor.Mlive.comSeptember 24, 2009.
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  40. ^Rick Snyder tops Virg Bernero in fundraising in Michigan gubernatorial raceArchivedMarch 6, 2016, at theWayback Machine,annarbor.com, October 22, 2010.
  41. ^"Gubernatorial hopeful Rick Snyder of Ann Arbor releases tax returns"ArchivedMarch 6, 2016, at theWayback Machine,Ann Arbor.com, July 17, 2010.
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  43. ^"'Nerd' Governor Rick Snyder is rock star to fellow accountants",MLive.com, January 20, 2012. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
  44. ^Oosting, Jonathan (January 30, 2014).It's official: Michigan Gov. Rick Snyder launching re-election campaign with statewide tour,MLive.com. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
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  49. ^"Which Governors Are Most Vulnerable in 2014?".Five Thirty Eight.April 8, 2013.RetrievedDecember 23,2014.
  50. ^Woods, Ashley (November 8, 2013)."Michigan Governor Poll Shows Close Race Between Rick Snyder, Mark Schauer".The Huffington Post.RetrievedDecember 23,2014.
  51. ^Oosting, Jonathan (December 10, 2013)."Poll: Michigan Gov. Rick Snyder, Democrat Mark Schauer in close race ahead of 2014".MLive Media Group.RetrievedDecember 23,2014.
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  53. ^"Executive Reorganization Department of Natural Resources and Environment Creating the Department of Natural Resources and the Department of Environmental Quality"(PDF).RetrievedJuly 19,2013.
  54. ^Christoff, Chris (January 4, 2011)."Snyder makes it official: DNR and DEQ split".Detroit Free Press.Lansing. Archived fromthe originalon January 9, 2011.RetrievedOctober 5,2016.
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  56. ^Berman, Laura (July 13, 2010)."Dillon's abortion position will matter".DetroitNews.com.RetrievedDecember 13,2014.
  57. ^"Governor Snyder unveils recommended budget to provide foundation for Michigan's reinvention".Michigan.gov(Press release). Governor's Office, State of Michigan. February 17, 2011.RetrievedJuly 19,2013.
  58. ^Bomey, Nathan (February 17, 2011)."Rick Snyder proposes significant elimination of business taxes, elimination of credits for film, high-tech industries".AnnArbor.com.RetrievedJuly 19,2013.
  59. ^Reeve, Elspeth (February 23, 2012)."Most Americans Now Think Auto Bailout Was a Good Idea".thewire.com.RetrievedDecember 13,2014.Archivedon 20 March 2021
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  61. ^"New Emergency Manager Law Signed By Michigan Governor Rick Snyder".The Huffington Post.December 27, 2012.RetrievedJuly 19,2013.
  62. ^Woodhouse, Kellie (December 22, 2011)."Governor Rick Snyder signs domestic partner benefits ban into law".AnnArbor.com.RetrievedJanuary 27,2014.
  63. ^Steinberg, Michael J.; Kaplan, Jay D.; Moss, Kary L.; Knight, John A.; Goad, Amanda C.; Welch, Donna M.; Weidenhammer, Bradley H.; Crawford, Amy E. (February 17, 2012)."First Amended Complaint"(PDF).Bassett v. Snyder.RetrievedJanuary 27,2014.
  64. ^Smith, Brian (June 28, 2013)."Michigan ban on domestic partner benefits struck down by federal judge in preliminary injunction".MLive.com.RetrievedOctober 26,2016.
  65. ^Buss, Dale (April 1, 2012).7 Things Chrysler Could Use To Mount a Good 'Second Half'ArchivedJanuary 26, 2016, at theWayback Machine,Forbes.Retrieved December 13, 2014.
  66. ^Barks, Kathy (June 21, 2011)."Gov. Snyder signs $47.4B Michigan budget Tuesday".BusinessWeek.Bloomberg. Associated Press. Archived fromthe originalon June 29, 2011.RetrievedJuly 19,2013.
  67. ^Becker, Bernie (May 11, 2012).Michigan governor joins online sales tax chorus.The Hill.Retrieved June 28, 2013.
  68. ^Anders, Melissa (May 11, 2012)."Gov. Rick Snyder wants Michigan to collect sales tax for all online purchases".MLive.com.RetrievedJune 28,2013.
  69. ^"Michigan legislators defy unions, OK right-to-work".Charleston Gazette-Mail.Associated Press.December 7, 2012.RetrievedOctober 5,2016.
  70. ^"Obama criticizes Michigan right-to-work bills".December 11, 2012. Archived fromthe originalon January 3, 2013.
  71. ^Montopoli, Brian (December 10, 2012)."Obama takes on union fight in Michigan".CBS News.RetrievedMay 4,2015.
  72. ^"Despite Bipartisan Opposition, Reckless 'Right to Work' Amendment Moves Forward".MNAFLCIO.org.MinnesotaAFL–CIO.December 11, 2012. Archived fromthe originalon March 15, 2012.RetrievedJuly 19,2013.
  73. ^Montopoli, Brian (December 11, 2012)."Right-to-work signed into law in Michigan".CBS News.RetrievedMay 4,2015.
  74. ^"Action on Right to Work legislation appears likely".Crain's Business Detroit.Associated Press. December 6, 2012.RetrievedOctober 5,2016.
  75. ^"Michigan poised to restore workplace fairness and equality for all workers"(Press release). December 6, 2012.Archivedfrom the original on June 27, 2016.Retrieved2012-12-12..Retrieved December 11, 2012.
  76. ^"Michigan passes 'right-to-work' legislation".BBC News. December 11, 2012.RetrievedMay 4,2015.
  77. ^Egan, Paul (January 16, 2013).New poll suggests Snyder's popularity not hurt by right-to-work legislationArchivedJanuary 26, 2016, at theWayback Machine.Detroit Free Press.Retrieved June 28, 2013.
  78. ^Bell, Dawson (March 23, 2012)."Poll: More Michiganders like how Barack Obama, Rick Snyder are doing their jobs".Detroit Free Press.RetrievedMarch 23,2012.
  79. ^Carpenter, Mackenzie (February 20, 2011).Republicans consider early possibilities for vice president,Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.Retrieved March 23, 2012.
  80. ^Decker, Brett M. (April 18, 2012).DECKER: Romney's Snyder exampleArchivedMay 30, 2016, at theWayback Machine,The Washington Times.Retrieved December 13, 2014.
  81. ^White, Joseph (October 31, 2011)."Michigan Governor's GOP Brand Is Distinct"ArchivedJanuary 3, 2012, at theWayback Machine,The Wall Street Journalonline. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  82. ^Murray, Dave (April 21, 2012)."Unlike predecessors, 'relentlessly positive' Gov. Rick Snyder reluctant to use veto pen".MLive.com.RetrievedDecember 13,2014.
  83. ^"Republican Presidential Candidates for 2016".Republican-Candidates.org.Archived fromthe originalon June 2, 2013.RetrievedJune 28,2013.
  84. ^Crain, Keith (December 2, 2012)."An early vote: Snyder for president".Crain's Detroit Business.Retrieved June 28, 2013.
  85. ^Egan, Paul (January 27, 2014)."Snyder seen as 2016 White House hopeful".Lansing State Journal.Gannett.
  86. ^Egan, Paul (January 28, 2014)."Some in GOP float idea of Rick Snyder presidency".USA Today.Detroit Free Press.RetrievedOctober 5,2016.
  87. ^"Governor Rick Snyder Signs Abortion Legislation".wlns.com.RetrievedDecember 29,2012.
  88. ^Martin, Tim (December 28, 2012)."Michigan Gov. Rick Snyder signs bill adding regulations to abortion providers; vetoes Blue Cross bills".MLive.com.RetrievedOctober 5,2016.
  89. ^"See what Gov. Rick Snyder is up to in Israel".MLive.com.June 17, 2013.RetrievedJuly 19,2013.
  90. ^"Michigan Governor declares financial emergency in Detroit".WXYZ.com.RetrievedJuly 19,2013.
  91. ^Savage, Chris (February 15, 2012)."The Scandal of Michigan's Emergency Managers".The Nation.RetrievedOctober 5,2016.
  92. ^Lotfi, Michael (December 27, 2013)."Michigan nullifies NDAA's indefinite detention".The Washington Times.Nashville. Archived fromthe originalon February 21, 2014.RetrievedOctober 5,2016.
  93. ^Davey, Monica (January 23, 2014)."Immigrants Seen as Way to Refill Detroit Ranks".The New York Times.RetrievedJanuary 24,2014.
  94. ^"Former Governors - Snyder makes appointments to Michigan Indigent Defense Commission".www.michigan.gov(Press release). June 19, 2014.
  95. ^Lambert, Lisa (September 10, 2014)."Detroit, counties reach deal over water, sewer authority".Reuters.RetrievedDecember 13,2014.
  96. ^Lawler, Emily (December 18, 2014)."Michigan Gov. Rick Snyder debuts new workforce talent department with executive order".MLive.com.RetrievedDecember 19,2014.
  97. ^Fantz, Ashley; Brumfield, Ben (November 19, 2015)."Syrian refugees not welcome in 30 U.S. states".CNN.RetrievedOctober 5,2016.
  98. ^"America's Most and Least Popular Governors -- April 2018".April 12, 2018.
  99. ^"Gov. Rick Snyder grants clemency to lifer Melissa Chapman, 60 others".Detroit Free Press.RetrievedDecember 26,2018.
  100. ^Fonger, Ron (January 2, 2015)."City warns of potential health risks after Flint water tests revealed too much disinfection byproduct".MLive.com.
  101. ^Fonger, Ron (October 9, 2015)."AG Schuette: No comment on state's liability for emergency manager decisions".MLive.com.RetrievedOctober 9,2015.
  102. ^Erb, Robin (January 23, 2015)."Who wants to drink Flint's water?".Detroit Free Press.RetrievedOctober 9,2015.
  103. ^Erb, Robin (September 25, 2015)."Doctor: Lead seen in more Flint kids since water switch".Detroit Free Press.
  104. ^Wisely, John (October 8, 2015)."Snyder announces $12-million plan to fix Flint water".Detroit Free Press.
  105. ^Wang, Yanan (December 15, 2015)."In Flint, Mich., there's so much lead in children's blood that a state of emergency is declared".The Washington Post.
  106. ^Lurie, Julia (December 16, 2015)."Flint Kids Have So Much Lead in Their Blood That the Mayor Declared a State of Emergency".Mother Jones.
  107. ^Heinlein, Gary (November 13, 2015)."When did state know kids in Flint were lead poisoned?".Detroit Free Press.
  108. ^"Flint water concerns raised early on in governor's office".CBS News.Associated Press. February 26, 2016.RetrievedOctober 5,2016.
  109. ^Heinlein, Gary (November 13, 2015)."Petition to recall Snyder over Flint's water denied".Detroit Free Press.
  110. ^Bosman, Julie (March 12, 2016)."Recall Effort in Michigan Intensifies Pressure on Gov. Rick Snyder".The New York Times.Detroit.RetrievedOctober 5,2016.
  111. ^"Michael Moore calls for arrest of Gov. Snyder".The Detroit News.January 7, 2016.
  112. ^"'Gov. Snyder Should Be Arrested': Flint Residents Demand Justice over Water Poisoning ".Democracy Now!.January 8, 2016.
  113. ^Pitt, Michael L.; McGehee, Cary S.; Rivers, Beth M. (November 13, 2015)."Melisa Mays, et. al. vs. Governor Rick Snyder, et. al"(PDF).Pitt Law PC. 2:15-cv-14002-JCO-MKM.RetrievedNovember 16,2015.Defendants' conduct in exposing Flint residents to toxic water was so egregious and so outrageous that it shocks the conscience.
  114. ^"4 families sue over lead in Flint water".The Detroit News.November 15, 2015.RetrievedNovember 15,2015.
  115. ^Bethencourt, Daniel (November 13, 2015)."After Flint water crisis, families file lawsuit".Detroit Free Press.
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  117. ^Felton, Ryan (December 30, 2015)."Governor Rick Snyder 'very sorry' about Flint water lead levels debacle".The Guardian.London.RetrievedDecember 30,2015.
  118. ^"Michigan governor apologizes for state's mishandling of Flint's water supply".Raw Story.Reuters. December 30, 2015.RetrievedDecember 30,2015.
  119. ^Domonske, Camila (January 16, 2016)."Obama Declares State Of Emergency Over Flint's Contaminated Water".NPR.org.RetrievedJanuary 16,2016.
  120. ^Oosting, Jonathan (March 21, 2016)."Snyder unveils sweeping Flint plan".The Detroit News.
  121. ^Carmody, Steve (March 26, 2016)."Gov. Snyder's Sweeping Plan For Flint Water Crisis Gets A Reality Check".NPR.
  122. ^Gross, Allie."Remember that time Gov. Snyder said he'd drink Flint's water for 30 days straight? That's over already".Detroit Metro Times.RetrievedApril 26,2016.
  123. ^Banner, William (March 2018).""Toxicohistrionics": Flint, Michigan and the Lead Crisis ".The Journal of Pediatrics.197:15–16.doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.03.008.PMID29656862.S2CID4890357.
  124. ^Gómez, Hernán; Dietrich, Kim (July 22, 2018)."Opinion:" The Children of Flint Were Not 'Poisoned' "".The New York Times.
  125. ^Henderson, Stephen (August 16, 2018)."Medical Researchers: Kids Were Not 'Poisoned' In Flint Water Crisis".Detroit Today.
  126. ^Chariton, Jordan; Dize, Jenn (April 16, 2020)."Michigan's Ex-Gov. Rick Snyder Knew About Flint's Toxic Water - and Lied About It".Vice.RetrievedApril 16,2020.
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  134. ^"Former Gov. Rick Snyder named Harvard fellow".Detroit Free Press.RetrievedJune 30,2019.
  135. ^Snyder, Rick (July 3, 2019)."I have informed the HKennedy Sch that I am turning down its offer as Snr Res Fellow. It would have been exciting to share my experiences, both positive and negative; our current political environment and its lack of civility makes this too disruptive. I wish them the best".@onetoughnerd.RetrievedJuly 3,2019.
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[edit]
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Party political offices
Preceded by Republicannominee forGovernor of Michigan
2010,2014 		Succeeded by
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Preceded by Governor of Michigan
2011–2019 		Succeeded by
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Preceded byas Former Governor Order of precedence of the United States
Within Michigan 		Succeeded byas Former Governor
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