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Rodrigo Duterte 2016 presidential campaign

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Rodrigo Duterte 2016 presidential campaign
Campaign2016 Philippine presidential election
Candidate
AffiliationPDP–Laban
StatusAnnounced:November 21, 2015
Launched:November 30, 2015
Won election:
May 9, 2016
HeadquartersEDSA,Makati,Metro Manila[1]
Key people
List of key people:[3]
SloganTapang at Malasakit
(lit. Courage and Compassion)
Matapang na solusyon, Mabilis na aksyon (lit. Fearless solutions, fast action)
Change is Coming
Atin 'to P're! (lit. This is ours, pal!)
ChantDuterte!
Duterte! Cayetano!
DuCay!
Website
www.dutertecayetano.com
This article is part of
a series about
Rodrigo Duterte
Tenure
Policies
COVID-19 pandemic
Early political career
Personal and public image

Rodrigo Duterte's signature

The2016 presidential campaign of Rodrigo Dutertewas announced on November 21, 2015.Rodrigo Duterte,who was then serving asMayor of Davao City,had refused to run and turned down other presidential and vice-presidential aspirants' offers to be his running mate, including that ofJejomar Binay,Miriam Defensor-SantiagoandBongbong Marcos.He was eventually elected President of the Philippines. Duterte's positions was seen to have resonated with older,working classFilipinos, particularly his promise to eliminate the wide-scale drug menace of the country and his harsh stances on crime inDavao City,which he served for more than 22 years, and corruption. Duterte's campaign also emphasized an anti-establishment tone, accusingpolitical elitesbased in Manila of not doing much to solve problems in a move that was described aspopulist.

Background[edit]

Calls to run for presidency and negotiations[edit]

In his speech during the change-of-command ceremony of thePhilippine National Police,then-candidate Duterte credited former presidentFidel Ramosas his inspiration. Ramos was the first person who flew toDavao Cityto ask Duterte to run for president.[4]

In February 2014, Duterte had gained support fromnetizenslauding his performance as mayor of Davao, especially in maintaining order. Some suggested that he run for president, but Duerte stated that he felt he was not qualified for a higher public office.[5]

Early in 2015, Duterte hinted to the media of his intent to run for the presidency in 2016, with the promise of abolishingCongressin favor of a parliament should he win.[6][7][8]In February that year, Duterte said in aBaguiofederalism forum that he would only run for president "if (it is) to save the republic." Duterte cited the need for about 10 to 15 billion pesos for a campaign war chest as what was keeping him from running.[9]Days later, however, Duterte "re-entered"PDP–Laban;he maintained that he never left the party, and only had to stand under the local party banner,Hugpong sa Tawong Lungsod,in the 2013 local election in order to ensure his victory.[10]PDP–Laban presidentAquilino Pimentel IIIlater said that Duterte was among his party's options for a presidential candidate for 2016, noting that the party's position onfederalismcoincides with Duterte's advocacy.[11]A few days after reports came out saying incumbent Vice-PresidentJejomar Binay(a presidential aspirant) was eyeing Duterte as his possible running mate, Duterte issued a statement saying that he was not interested in running for a national post.[12]

In September 2014, Duterte declined presidential aspirant and then-incumbent SenatorMiriam Defensor-Santiago's offer to be her running mate, saying that instead of picking him as the senator's running mate, she could ask former Defense SecretaryGilberto Teodoro, Jr.[13]In March 2015,Lakas–CMDnational presidentFerdinand Martin Romualdezannounced that his party was preparing for the 2016 elections; incumbent congressman Danilo Suarez remarked that they were convincing Teodoro to come out of retirement and run anew for a higher office.[14]In October 2015, Santiago choseBongbong Marcosas her running mate.[15]

Rodrigo Duterte

Later, during the airing of his weekly program,Gikan Sa Masa, Para Sa Masa,on alocal channelon June 21, 2015, Duterte stated that he was considering suggestions from his friends and supporters to run for president. He also added that he would stop expressing non-interest in starting a presidential campaign.[16]

At the ASIA CEO Forum in Makati held on June 25, 2015, Duterte again stated that he would not run for a national office, and said that he never desired to do so. A month later, however, Duterte, responding to Justice SecretaryLeila de Lima's statement that she would not run with Duterte as a matter of principle, saying that he would campaign against theLiberal Partyif De Lima is drafted, calling her "hypocritical" and her principles "rotten".[17]

In August, while at a meeting with military officers, Duterte spoke withCommunist Party of the Philippines(CPP) founderJose Maria Sison.Duterte said that he told Sison that he would run for president if the CPP's armed wing, theNew People's Army,abandoned itsover-40-year insurgency,saying, "Armed struggle as a means to achieve change is passe in the modern world we are living in today." Duterte disclosed that Sison was asking him about his plans for 2016; Duerte denied having any.[18]

On September 7, 2015, in a press conference held at Davao City, Duterte declared he would not be running for president in 2016 and apologized to all of his supporters on the decision. He additionally stated that he might retire from politics after his term as mayor of Davao City ends in 2016 and ifhis daughterran for the office. Other factors in his possible retirement included age, health concerns and his family's objections.[19]Mixed reactions erupted on social media hours after the declaration and several supporters still continued to petition online, urging the mayor to revert his decision.[20]

On September 26, 2015, a large number of supporters gathered at theQuirino GrandstandinRizal Park,Manila, to urge Duterte to run for the presidency in 2016. The gathering was dubbed "The Million People March" by the media,[21]but its followers preferred to call it "The People's Call".[22][23][24][25]Despite being an undeclared candidate,Pulse AsiaResearch Director Ana Tabunda still considered Duterte "a serious contender" as he was already ranked fourth in a presidential survey done by Pulse Asia from late August to early September as well as in a then-recentSocial Weather Stationssurvey. He was behind announced and declared candidates Grace Poe, Mar Roxas and Jejomar Binay.[26]Duterte's long-time political rival and critic, formerSpeaker of the House of RepresentativesProspero Nograles,also expressed his support for Duterte if ever the latter decided to run for the presidency.[27] On October 13, 2015, in a press conference held at a local hotel in Davao City, Duterte finalized his decision not to run for the presidency, with his daughterSara's objection being pointed out as one of the main contributors.[28]

On October 15, 2015, Duterte's authorized representative,Christopher "Bong" Go,filed Duterte's certificate of candidacy (COC) on the former's behalf at theCommission on Elections (Comelec)office in Manila for a re-election bid as mayor of Davao.[29]A music video with a disclaimer that it was "non-paid" entitled "Takbo" (Runin English) was uploaded on the same day by rap artist Njel de Mesa, with a theme to urge Duterte to run for the presidency. The song was composed by singerJimmy Bondocand featured various artists including Bondoc and de Mesa,Luke Mejares,Paolo Santos, Pido Lalimarmo,Thor,Gail Blanco and otherOPMartists.[30]Bondoc then stated that he would offer to write another song if the mayor finally decides to join the presidential race in 2016.[31]

Filing of COC by Martin Diño as PDP–Laban's presidential bet[edit]

On the afternoon of October 16, Duterte's daughter, Sara, announced via social media that she had filed her candidacy for mayor of Davao City. Her post suggested that her father would withdraw his mayoral candidacy and seek election to higher office.[32][33]Reportedly, hundreds of supporters rallied at the Comelec office waiting for Duterte to file his candidacy before the 5:00 pm cut-off. On the same day,Martin Diño,an anti-crime activist and barangay captain fromQuezon City,filed his candidacy for president. Diño was a member of PDP–Laban, the same party advocating the federalist system which Duterte proposed.[34]Diño clarified that there was a "clerical error" on his submitted COC (running forPasaymayor instead of president). In their general meeting held in Pasay on October 26, members of PDP–Laban expressed their support to Diño in his presidential bid.[35][36]

On October 26, 2015, Duterte said in an interview that his deadline for deciding whether to seek the presidency was December 10. He also warned the people to abide by the law if he wins.[37][38]Two days later, PDP–Laban standard bearer Martin Diño withdrew his presidential bid and named Duterte as his substitute because there was a possibility that Diño might be declared a nuisance candidate by the COMELEC.[39]On October 30, an alleged campaign video of Duterte and Cayetano circulated on social media that put hopes on Duterte's candidacy as Cayetano's running mate. However, Duterte's aide Bong Go said in an interview that Duterte's mind had not changed yet but that he would continue soul-searching with his family to know if he would run in the upcoming election.[40]On November 1, Duterte said that nothing had changed and that he was not fit for national office. He also said that he was still waiting for a communication from his party about his possible candidacy; Duterte would also wait if his daughter would agree to substitute for him at the mayoral race of Davao and would retire from public service if Sara agreed to do so.[41]On November 2,Parish Pastoral Council for Responsible Voting(PPCRV) executive Arwin Serrano said that Diño was deemed to face an election sabotage complaint because of proposing Duterte as his substitute for him; however, Diño denied allegations that his filing of candidacy was just a front to pave the way for Duterte's possible substitution.[42]Comelec chairmanAndres D. Bautista,in an interview on November 3, stated that although they have noted Diño's withdrawal, they would not move with any further action with regards to a possible substitution until they had Duterte's consent and unless it would be made official with a COC and a certificate of nomination and acceptance from PDP–Laban.[43]Duterte himself then further clarified that his decision of acceptance for the substitution offer would be on the deadline itself come December 10.[44]

Official acceptance for substitution[edit]

On November 21, in a gathering held in his alma materSan Beda College,Duterte announced his presidential bid and also finally acceptedAlan Peter Cayetano's offer to be his running mate.[45]Duterte said he was disappointed over the decision made by the Senate Electoral Tribunal (SET) regardingGrace Poe's citizenship as well as the current administration's handling of the'laglag-bala' issue.[46]Duterte further stated that he would file his candidacy immediately after he reached out to his party.[47][48]

Campaign[edit]

Duterte and allies campaigning in Pandacan, Manila

Duterte topped all other presidentiables including former front-runnerGrace Poein a survey published November 25 and held by Pulse Asia.[49]Poe said that the survey was "inconclusive" and "not reflective" and claimed it was made by Duterte's camp.[50]

On November 29, 2015, the supporters of Duterte and Cayetano held an event named "MAD for Change: Tunog ng Pagbabago" (lit. MAD for Change: Sound of Change) inTaguig.[51]It included free-head shaving, free T-shirt printing services, and the main concert. Several musicians performed, includingJimmy Bondoc,Thor,andLuke Mejares.Duterte arrived in the event together with his running mate Cayetano.[51]On November 30, thePDP–Labandeclared Duterte and Cayetano as the party's standard bearers and launched their campaign in a gathering held in Century Park Hotel inManila.[52]

Duterte and Cayetano kicked off their campaigns with a proclamation rally held in the suburb area ofTondoin Manila on February 9, 2016, the start of the 90-day campaign period for national candidates.[53]The rally was aired on national television throughSonshine Media Network International,the television network of Duterte's friend pastorApollo Quiboloy.[54]

Duterte and Cayetano went to different places across the country to court people and convince them to be their choices in the May 9 polls.

A week before the elections, theIglesia ni Cristo,known for its bloc voting, announced that they endorsed Duterte's candidacy.[55]

Running mate[edit]

On September 29, 2015, incumbent SenatorAlan Peter Cayetanodeclared his intention to run for the 2016 vice-presidential post in a press event held in Davao City and considered Duterte his first choice as running mate for the presidential post; this eventually led to a meeting between the two parties.[56]A day after meeting with Cayetano, Duterte met with another incumbent senator,Bongbong Marcos,who also went to Davao City to talk to Duterte. Marcos was reportedly considering running for the vice-presidential post as well; Marcos had not yet made any proclamation at that time. As in the Cayetano meeting, Duterte still declared that he was not running for president.[57]

On November 21, Duterte decided to join the presidential polls and proclaimed Cayetano as his running mate.[45]

Other groups such as Pwersa ng Bayaning Atleta party-list, are supporting the "AlDuB" tandem (Alyansang Duterte-Bongbong) between Duterte and Marcos.[58]

Political positions[edit]

Main article:Political positions of Rodrigo Duterte

After declaring himself a candidate, Duterte focused his rhetoric on fighting corruption, crime, and drug abuse. He has been described as a "populist"and"socialist",positioning himself not just against the ruling party but against the current political system as a whole.[59]His campaign has been heavily supported by older working class Filipinos.[59][60]

Federalism[edit]

Duterte advocatesfederalismas a better system of governance for the Philippines.He argues that regions outside Metro Manila receive unfairly small budgets from theInternal Revenue Allotment.For example, of the₱5 billionDavao sends monthly to Metro Manila, only₱2–3 billionever returns. He also highlights that the money remitted to the national government is misused by corrupt politicians in Congress.[61]

Social policies[edit]

Abortion and contraception issues[edit]

Duterte does not believe thatcontraceptionis inherently morally wrong and advocates for government-promoted efforts to expand access to contraceptive services. He wishes to maintainlaws against abortion in the Philippines,arguing that abortion involves the taking of a sovereign human life.[62]

Conditional cash transfers[edit]

Duterte promised that thePantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program,aconditional cash transferprogram started during the administration of PresidentGloria Macapagal Arroyo,would continue if he were elected.[63]

LGBT rights[edit]

Duterte criticized boxerManny Pacquiaoafterthe latter's controversial commentsabout LGBT couples being "worse than animals", stating that the boxer did not have the right to judge others in such a manner. Duterte has also advocated in support of anti-discrimination measures to protect LGBT individuals in his capacity as a mayor. He has remarked that, in his view, "The universe is ruled by the law of a God who is forgiving, merciful, compassionate and loving, the same God who created all of us equal".[64]

In terms of the legalization ofsame-sex marriage,Duterte stated in January 2016 that he feels sympathetic to LGBT people on the issue while still believing that he should not push against the current legal code of the Philippines. He noted that law depicts the matter in terms ofreligious doctrineand intermingles secular marriage withsacramentalholy matrimony,which traditionally is only between one man and one woman. He stressed his feelings of affection for his LGBT friends and family members though indicating his agreement with traditions.[62]

Public order[edit]

Duterte stated that he believed that an efficient and effective military and police constituted the most important part of the nation's security. To aid in this goal, he announced that he planned to increase the salary of the military and police to give them dignity and dissuade them from bribe-taking.[65]

Economic policy[edit]

Labor[edit]

[66]

Industrialization[edit]

To create jobs, Duterte proposes to build/rebuild industries and their factories. In particular, he believes the most important step towards industrialization is to revive the Philippines' steel industry.[67]

Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program[edit]

Duterte opposes any move to amend theConstitution of the Philippinesto allow foreigners to own lands in the Philippines.[68]

Taxation[edit]

Duterte has said that a monthly income of ₱25,000 or less should be exempted from income taxes.[69]A simplified tax collection system and privatization of the Bureau of Internal Revenue and other government collection agencies are also among his proposals.[70]However, Duterte has also said he is against income tax reduction.[71]

Foreign investments[edit]

Duterte proposes the creation of designated "business islands" as economic zones to encourage foreign investment and create jobs. To aid in attracting investors, he wants to make economic policies and laws simple and believable. He stresses that travel overseas to find jobs should become a choice rather than continue as a necessity.[72]

Foreign policy[edit]

Chinese activities in the Spratly Islands[edit]

Duterte, contrary to current Philippine government policy, has said he is open to bilateral talks with China when it comes to themaritime disputecentered on the Chinese claim to theSpratly Islands.He is supportive of thePhilippines' arbitration case against Chinaat thePermanent Court of Arbitration,[73]but has said that a non-confrontational and less formal approach to China would be more effective in coming to an agreement.[74]He has also said that the Philippines should revert to the previous position to agree to explore jointly the disputed areas with other countries like China, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei and Taiwan for resources such as oil, gas and other minerals.[75]

Visiting Forces Agreement with the United States[edit]

Duterte has said that if Filipinos could not get their fair share in the justice system with the Visiting Forces Agreement andEnhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement,signed between the governments of the Philippines and the United States in 2014, then these agreements should be revoked.[76]

Controversies[edit]

Disqualification cases[edit]

A few hours after the COC filing for president of Duterte, radio broadcaster Ruben Castor filed a disqualification petition before the COMELEC against Duterte.[77]On December 21, disqualified presidential candidate Rizalito David of Ang Kapatiran party filed a petition before the commission to declare Duterte's substitution for Diño null and void.[78]

The legality of Duterte's substitution for Diño was questioned by some electoral lawyers because of an error made in Diño's certificate of candidacy that made him aPasaymayoral bet despite being a resident ofQuezon City.Because of the issue, rumors circulated that presidential aspirantMiriam Defensor-Santiagowas willing to give way for Duterte by letting him substitute for her. However, Defensor-Santiago said that she would not back down from the race even though she has a high regard for Duterte.[79]Another presidential aspirant Roy Señeres also opened the possibility he would allow Rodrigo Duterte as his substitute candidate if he will abide in three conditions, particularly being an opponent of women's right to abortion care.[80]However, Señeres later refused to substitute for him and slammed Duterte's decision to pursue the presidency and remarked Duterte should support and endorse him instead.[81]

The validity of Duterte's substitution was further assessed by Comelec and on December 7, Comelec rejected a petition to name Martin Diño a "nuisance" candidate.[82][83][84]

Voting 6–1, the COMELEC En Banc approved on December 17 the substitution of Duterte (from Diño) as the candidate of the PDP–Laban in the 2016 polls.[85]On December 22, JP Delas Nieves, chairman of theUP Diliman University Student Council,filed the third disqualification case against Duterte before the COMELEC.[86]

In a decision issued February 3, 2016, the COMELEC's first division unanimously denied all filed disqualification petitions against the presidential candidacy of Duterte due to lack of any merit. The first division also stated that Diño is not a nuisance candidate and his substitution to Duterte is valid.[87]

Controversial remarks[edit]

On December 2, 2015, Duterte received criticism forcursingatPope Francisbecause the Pope causedtraffic congestioninMetro Maniladuringhis visit in January 2015.[88]He claimed that his outburst was a result of amolestationincident against him by a priest during his childhood.[89]He immediately apologized through the media, saying he was not "cursing" the Pope but rather the government's way of preparing for the Pope's visit.[90][91]Duterte later apologized to the pontiff by writing a letter to Pope Francis dated January 21, 2016. During a campaign rally inUbay, Bohol,Duterte's camp showed a letter coming from the Vatican's Secretariat of State, signed byGiovanni Angelo Becciudated February 24, stating that Pope Francis has received his letter and that the Vatican appreciates Duterte's apology after cursing Pope Francis in public.[92]

During a tourism forum that was attended by Duterte,Alan Peter Cayetano,and the Mexican Ambassador to the Philippines, Julio Camarena Villaseñor, Duterte described Mexico "as a place where kidnappings and killings are rife and therefore not fit for tourists".[93][94]

During a campaign rally, Duterte made a joke about a friend who isphysically disabledand asenior citizen.[95]He implied that because of their condition, his friend should just commitsuicide.[95]This was met with criticism from disabled rights advocates.[96]

Rape during 1989 Davao hostage crisis[edit]

See also:1989 Davao hostage crisis

During a campaign event on April 17, 2016, Duterte made controversial remarks about a rape that occurred duringa hostage-taking incident in Davao Cityin 1989.[97]One of the hostages was raped prior to being killed.[98]At his rally, Duterte told the crowd, "Was I mad because she was raped? Yes, that's one of the reasons. But she really was beautiful. The mayor should have been first."[99]The crowd reacted with laughter. A video recording of the remarks wentviral.[100]

In the aftermath, Duterte was criticized by women's groups, netizens, and the Christian missionary group victimized by the hostage-taking, and several officials.[100][101]Presidential candidateGrace Poecalled him "distasteful and unacceptable", while another candidateMar Roxassaid Duterte "should not hold power", andJejomar Binayurged voters not to vote for him.[102]Miriam Santiagosaid Duterte "crossed the line" with the remark, but also recognized thefreedom of expressionof Duterte and critics of his remarks.[103]American ambassadorPhilip Goldbergand Australian ambassador Amanda Gorely both criticized him for the comments.[104][105][106]Feminist groupGABRIELA Women's Partycondemned the presidential candidate saying that "rape is a serious crime".[107]

Duterte later said that he regretted his "gutter language" but would not apologize for what he said. He insisted that the remark was not a "joke" but a "narrative", and said he made the remark out of "utter anger" when he recalled the incident.[108][109]Duterte criticized women's groups who spoke out about his remarks.[110]Duterte also criticized Goldbert and Gorely for their response, and urged theUnited StatesandAustraliato cut ties with the Philippines if he was elected president.[104][105][106][111]

Following the comments, his daughter Sara Duterte posted on Instagram that she had also been a victim of rape.[112]Rodrigo Duterte dismissed his daughter's statement, referring to her as a "drama queen".[113]

Annulment psychological report[edit]

An alleged report states hisannulmentfrom Elizabeth Zimmerman was caused by his allegednarcissisticandanti-social personality disorder.[114]The report also alleges that his violent behavior and hiswomanizingattitude was the cause of the annulment.[115][116]

Alleged links to the Communist Party of the Philippines[edit]

The administration ofBenigno Aquino IIIwarned voters that they should be alarmed that Duterte may be involved with theCommunist Party of the Philippinesand its militant wing theNew People's Army.[117]This was a day after captive police officers was released by the militants to the mayor.[117]Exiled NPA founderJoma Sisonwas a former teacher of Duterte and spoke kindly of his former student, having previously endorsed his candidacy.[118]

Alleged hidden wealth[edit]

On April 27, 2016, vice presidential candidateAntonio Trillanesclaimed that Duterte had a bank account worth ₱211 million that he did not declare on his legally mandated statements of assets and liabilities.[119]Duterte said that Trillanes was trying to get attention to improve his ratings in surveys, which were poor.[119]Alan Peter Cayetano, Duterte's running mate, said that it was just asmear campaignagainst Duterte and accused Trillanes of doing this under the orders of presidential candidateGrace Poe,[120]who denied any involvement.[121] BothJejomar BinayandMar Roxascriticized Duterte for failing to sign a waiver and reveal the contents of the accounts. [122][123]On April 29,Miriam Defensor Santiagojoined in attacking Duterte about the alleged contents of bank accounts.[123]

He also challenged Trillanes to name his source and file an affidavit to legalize his accusations.[124]

Documents from Antonio Trillanes claim that the Duterte political family owns properties aroundDavao City,elsewhere inMindanaoand also inMetro Manila,none of which were revealed by the mayor in his statement of assets and liabilities and net worth.[125]

However, Duterte assumed that all the documents provided were falsified. He also questioned the timing of the accusation because they came less than two weeks before the election.[126]However, the certificate did not include transaction history of the account that covers the date where the deposits happened. When pressed on why they won't show the transaction history or the balance as of the date in question (March 28), Duterte laid the blame on the bank on not certifying something which is non-existing, perhaps, the account was not yet opened prior to that date.[127]

Authoritarian tendencies[edit]

Some allege that Duterte plans to establish a "revolutionary government" similar to a dictatorship.[128]Duterte has said that he will close theCongress of the Philippinesif it tries to impeach him.[129]A religious leader,Apollo Quiboloy,supporting Duterte says that there will be a "revolution."[130]Duterte has said that he plans to pardon himself formass murder,as well as issue additional pardons to policemen and soldiers accused of abusing human rights.[131][132]

Endorsements[edit]

Rodrigo Duterte
Current and former Philippine senators
Current and former Philippine representatives
Current and former governors and vice governors
Current and former cabinet officials
Current and former mayors and municipal officials
Other politicians
  • Martin Diño, former Volunteers Against Crime and Corruption chair andPDP–Labanstandard bearer
  • Arleigh Sitoy, 6th district board member of the Province ofCebu
Religious leaders
Celebrities
Athletes and sports figures
Others
  • Angelo Acosta, video game developer and entrepreneur
  • Vitalliano Aguirre, businessman
  • Emeterio Barcelon, formerAteneo de Davao Universitypresident[182]
  • Hermegones Esperon, formerArmed Forces of the Philippineschief
  • Antonio Floirendo, businessman
  • Benigno Gopez, businessman
  • Federico Moreno, son of late talent managerGerman Moreno[183]
  • Atty. Geraldine Tiu, host ofGikan sa Masa, Para sa Masa
  • Arthur Tugade, former president of Clark Development Corporation[184]
Organizations
Alan Peter Cayetano
Current and former Philippine senators
Family members
Religious leaders
Celebrities
Athletes and sports figures

Senate slate[edit]

PDP–Laban announced on February 15, 2016, that the Duterte-Cayetano tandem would not have a Senatorial slate so that the party could concentrate on promoting the tandem to gain "portability." Previously, Senatorial candidates were free to claim that they were part of the tandem's senatorial slate and have appeared in the duo's campaign rallies. Senatorial candidates may still make an appearance in the campaign rallies of Duterte and Cayetano to speak depending on availability but PDP–Laban clarified that there won't be any endorsement to any person running for Senator.[193]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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  2. ^Hegina, Aries Joseph (March 7, 2016)."Duterte camp sees frontrunner status by April".Philippine Daily Inquirer.RetrievedMarch 8,2016.
  3. ^Ranada, Pia (February 19, 2016)."A peek into Rodrigo Duterte's campaign team".Rappler.RetrievedFebruary 19,2016.
  4. ^"Duterte reveals why FVR wanted him to run".ABS-CBN News.July 1, 2016.RetrievedJuly 2,2016.
  5. ^Hogaza, Mary Rose (February 5, 2014)."Duterte shrugs off calls to run for president".Manila Bulletin.Archived fromthe originalon February 16, 2014.
  6. ^"Duterte talks about what he'll do if he's elected president in 2016".Coconuts Manila.January 26, 2015.
  7. ^Serrano, Ben (January 26, 2015)."Duterte eyes abolition of Congress".Yahoo News Philippines.
  8. ^Serrano, Ben (January 26, 2015)."Duterte eyes abolition of Congress if elected president in 2016".The Philippine Star.
  9. ^Micua, Leonardo V. (February 19, 2015)."Duterte to run for president 'if only to save the republic' but does not have P10B in campaign money".Philippine News Agency.Interaksyon.com. Archived fromthe originalon February 21, 2015.
  10. ^Esmaquel, Paterno II (February 21, 2015)."Duterte 're-enters' PDP-Laban amid 2016 prospects".Rappler.com.RetrievedJune 1,2015.
  11. ^Fernandez, Amanda (February 21, 2015)."Pimentel: PDP-Laban might field Davao Mayor Duterte in 2016 polls".GMA News Online.
  12. ^"Duterte: I won't run for national post in 2016".ABS-CBNnews.com.May 23, 2015.RetrievedMay 23,2015.
  13. ^"Poe says no; Duterte tells Santiago: Take Gibo Teodoro".inquirer.net.September 14, 2014.RetrievedMay 13,2015.
  14. ^Rosario, Ben (March 29, 2015)."Lakas-CMD eyeing 'Gibo' Teodoro for 2016".The Manila Bulletin.Archived fromthe originalon October 20, 2015.RetrievedMay 23,2015.
  15. ^"Miriam Santiago: Bongbong Marcos is my running mate".Rappler.October 15, 2015.
  16. ^Dioquino, Rose-An Jessica; Aguinaldo, Sandra (June 22, 2015)."Duterte says he will now 'consider' presidential bid".GMA News.RetrievedJune 22,2015.
  17. ^Tupas, Jefry (July 22, 2015)."Draft Leila, I go against LP – Duterte – The Manila Times Online".The Manila Times.RetrievedJuly 21,2015.
  18. ^Nawal, Allan (August 9, 2015)."Duterte to Joma: I'll run if NPA yields arms".Philippine Daily Inquirer.RetrievedAugust 9,2015.
  19. ^Duterte's final answer: I won't run for president –Inquirer.net.
  20. ^Duterte's die-hard fans refuse to lose hope as mayor shows up in events –Inquirer.net.
  21. ^Duterte supporters all set for 'million people march' –ABS-CBN News.
  22. ^Rally for Duterte not a 'million people march' –ABS-CBN News.
  23. ^People calling for Duterte presidential run gather in Rizal Park –GMA News Online.
  24. ^#Duterte2016 tops Twitter, Duterte in Zamboanga during supporters' rally –Davao Today.
  25. ^Bizmen pledge P1B to Duterte candidacy –ABS-CBN News
  26. ^Pulse Asia poll: Duterte now a serious contender –ABS-CBN News.
  27. ^Nograles declares support for Duterte's presidential bid –Sun.Star Manila.
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rodrigo_Duterte_2016_presidential_campaign&oldid=1220518650"