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Rolle

Coordinates:46°27′N06°20′E/ 46.450°N 6.333°E/46.450; 6.333
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, seeRolle (disambiguation).
Rolle
Municipality
Castle of Rolle
Castle of Rolle
Flag of Rolle
Flag
Coat of arms of Rolle
Coat of arms
Location of Rolle
Map
Rolle is located in Switzerland
Rolle
Rolle
Rolle is located in Canton of Vaud
Rolle
Rolle
Coordinates:46°27′N06°20′E/ 46.450°N 6.333°E/46.450; 6.333
CountrySwitzerland
CantonVaud
DistrictNyon
Government
•MayorSyndic
Area
[1]
• Total2.72 km2(1.05 sq mi)
Elevation
376 m (1,234 ft)
Population
(31 December 2018)[2]
• Total6,259
• Density2,300/km2(6,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00(Central European Time)
• Summer (DST)UTC+02:00(Central European Summer Time)
Postal code(s)
1180
SFOS number5861
ISO 3166 codeCH-VD
Surrounded byBursinel,Essertines-sur-Rolle,Gilly,Mont-sur-Rolle,Perroy,Tartegnin,Lake Geneva
Twin townsWallisellen(Switzerland)
Websitewww.rolle.ch
Profile(in French),SFSO statistics

Rolle(French pronunciation:[ʁɔl]) is amunicipalityin theCantonofVaudinSwitzerland.It was the seat of the district ofRolleuntil 2006, when it became part of the district ofNyon.It is located on the northwestern shore ofLake Geneva(Lac Léman) betweenNyonandLausanne.Rolle is approximately 30 kilometers (19 mi) northeast ofGeneva(Genève) in theLa Côtewine-growing region, and has views of the highAlps.[3]

Rolle is also the birthplace ofFrédéric-César de la Harpe(1754–1838), who was the tutor ofAlexander I of Russiaand was largely responsible for the independence of theCanton of Vaudfrom theBernese.[4]

History

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Aerial view (1964)

Rolle is first mentioned in 1294 asRotuli.[5]In 1295 it was known as Ruello and Ruelloz the city in 1330 after it passed into the hands of Jean De Grailly the 1st an Knight entrusted to care for the future King Edward the 2nd.

Prehistoric settlements

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A lateBronze Agelake side settlement was discovered and partially destroyed in 1835 during construction of the artificial island ofÎle de la Harpe.A second settlement from the same period was found in Fleur d'Eau. In 1984, in La Combe, a first to third century ADGallo-Romanestate was discovered. The remains of the moat and the ramparts of Rolle Castle were uncovered in 1985. Fragments of a medieval city wall were found in the Champ de verse which may have come from the village of Saint-Nicolas de Ver.[5]

Medieval Rolle

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In 1261, the Lords of Mont planned to build a city along the lake that would compete with theAubonneandSaint-Prex.By around 1264, Rolle Castle was built to protect the pier at the lake. However, the planned city was never built by the Mont family. In 1291, the castle was in possession of Count Amadeus V of Savoy, who granted it to several different families as afief.In 1295 it passed to the Knight Jean De Grailly the 1st who named it Ruello changed centuries later to Rolle. In the course of the rivalry between the Counts of Savoy and the Lords of Vaud, in 1319 Amadeus V of Savoy finally built a city around the castle. This new city closed a gap in the savoy settlements on the northern shores of Lake Geneva. The layout of the town, a large main street running parallel to the lake shore with a cross street that connects the port with the hinterland, follow the construction patterns of typicalZähringertowns.[5]

The residents of Saint-Nicolas de Ver, possibly an unsuccessful town founded by the Lords de Mont, settled in Rolle. The new city, which was built with apalisade,was granted acity charteralong the lines of the charter ofMoudon.As compensation, Jean de Mont became a deputy ruler and received a dairy farm and half of the furnaces and mills. Starting in 1366, the citizens became exempt from tolls in Aubonne. TheDuke of Savoygranted the right to hold aweekly marketin 1425. In 1484, he elevated it from a feudal property to a free city.[5]

The fief of Le Rosey in the district of Rolle belonged to the lord ofVufflensin the middle of the 14th Century. It later passed into the possession of the lord ofAvenchesand the Praroman family.

During the Bernese invasion of 1536, bothLe Rosey Castleand Rolle Castle were attacked and burned.[5]

Under Bernese rule

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Under Bernese rule (1536–1798) Rolle was part of thebailiwickof Morges. In 1558, the Bernese merchant Hans Steiger, who was already the lord of Mont-le-Grand, acquired the barony of Rolle. His family retained the property until theFrench Revolution.The barony included the town of Rolle (except the fief of Les Uttins which belonged until the 18th century to the La Harpe family), Tartegnin, Vinzel, Luins, half of Essertines-sur-Rolle, some homes in Begnins, the region of Vincy, and Saint-Vincent (now inGilly), Bursinel and in 1615 they acquired Le Rosey Castle, Dully and Le Vaud. The judicial court was composed of the lord, his deputy, a court clerk, and ten members from Rolle and villages in the district. One of ten members governed the city. In 1740, the town bought itself out from under some taxes and duties.[5]

The end of Bernese rule and modern Rolle

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Rolle was the birthplace ofFrédéric-César de La HarpeandAmédée de La Harpe,two important figures in the French Revolution and the end of theAncien Régime of Switzerland.Toward the end of the 18th Century, it was a center of revolutionary fervor. Amédée de La Harpe presided, in Rolle on 15 July 1791, over a revolutionary banquet. Following theFrench invasion of Switzerlandin 1798, Rolle became the seat of a district of the same name. In 1799 theHelvetic Republicbought the castle from the municipality and used it until 1974 as the seat of government. In 1802, during theBourla-papeyuprising, patrician land titles and tax records were burned in the archives at Rolle Castle.[5]

Geography

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Lake Geneva and the Alps from Rolle
Rolle, aerial view

Rolle has an area, as of 2009,of 2.7 square kilometers (1.0 sq mi). Of this area, 0.81 km2(0.31 sq mi) or 29.6% is used for agricultural purposes, while 0.15 km2(0.058 sq mi) or 5.5% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.74 km2(0.67 sq mi) or 63.5% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.02 km2(4.9 acres) or 0.7% is either rivers or lakes.[6]

Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 4.0% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 28.5% and transportation infrastructure made up 18.6%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 4.4% of the area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 8.0%. Out of the forested land, 3.3% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.2% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 17.2% is used for growing crops and 3.3% is pastures, while 9.1% is used for orchards or vine crops. Of the water in the municipality, 0.4% is in lakes and 0.4% is in rivers and streams.[6]

The municipality was part of theRolle Districtuntil it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Rolle became part of the new district of Nyon.[7]

The municipality is located on Lake Geneva on the Geneva-Lausanne highway.

Coat of arms

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Theblazonof the municipalcoat of armsisPer fess Or and Vert.[8]

Demographics

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Main street through the old town of Rolle
Houses along Rolle's waterfront

Rolle has a population (as of December 2020) of 6,260.[9]As of 2008,41.8% of the population are resident foreign nationals.[10]Over the last 10 years (1999–2009) the population has changed at a rate of 36.9%. It has changed at a rate of 32.4% due to migration and at a rate of 4.3% due to births and deaths.[11]

Most of the population (as of 2000) speaksFrench(3,130 or 73.9%) as their first language, withPortuguesebeing second most common (208 or 4.9%) andEnglishbeing third (183 or 4.3%). There are 178 people who speakGerman,162 people who speakItalianand 3 people who speakRomansh.[12]

The age distribution, as of 2009,in Rolle is; 636 children or 11.4% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 879 teenagers or 15.8% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 629 people or 11.3% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 921 people or 16.5% are between 30 and 39, 853 people or 15.3% are between 40 and 49, and 611 people or 11.0% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 478 people or 8.6% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 338 people or 6.1% are between 70 and 79, there are 190 people or 3.4% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 42 people or 0.8% who are 90 and older.[13]

As of 2000,there were 1,899 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 1,848 married individuals, 274 widows or widowers and 214 individuals who are divorced.[12]

As of 2000,there were 1,617 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.3 persons per household.[11]There were 586 households that consist of only one person and 89 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 1,665 households that answered this question, 35.2% were households made up of just one person and there were 9 adults who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 394 married couples without children, 514 married couples with children. There were 86 single parents with a child or children. There were 28 households that were made up of unrelated people and 48 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.[12]

In 2000there were 259 single family homes (or 39.5% of the total) out of a total of 655 inhabited buildings. There were 204 multi-family buildings (31.1%), along with 125 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (19.1%) and 67 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (10.2%).[14]

In 2000,a total of 1,554 apartments (76.9% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 426 apartments (21.1%) were seasonally occupied and 41 apartments (2.0%) were empty.[14]As of 2009,the construction rate of new housing units was 11.6 new units per 1000 residents.[11]The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010,was 0.61%.[11]

The historical population is given in the following chart:[5][15]

Heritage sites of national significance

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Rolle Castle,the Library of the Community of Rolle andÎle de la Harpeare listed as Swissheritage site of national significance.The entire old city of Rolle is part of theInventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.[16]

  • Rolle Castle
    Rolle Castle
  • Ile de La Harpe
    Ile de La Harpe

Politics

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In the2007 federal electionthe most popular party was theSPwhich received 26.57% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were theSVP(21.74%), theFDP(13.66%) and theGreen Party(12.09%). In the federal election, a total of 982 votes were cast, and thevoter turnoutwas 42.2%.[17]

Economy

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Rolle has gained popularity as a companytax havenin Switzerland.Yahoo!moved its European headquarters from UK to Rolle in 2008 andIneosmoved its principal executive offices to Rolle from UK in 2010, for tax reasons.Cisco Systemsalso has a decent sizedResearch and Developmentsite here.

As of 2010,Rolle had an unemployment rate of 6.4%. As of 2008,there were 45 people employed in theprimary economic sectorand about 7 businesses involved in this sector. 388 people were employed in thesecondary sectorand there were 46 businesses in this sector. 2,327 people were employed in thetertiary sector,with 275 businesses in this sector.[11]There were 1,995 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 44.0% of the workforce.

In 2008the total number offull-time equivalentjobs was 2,417. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 27, of which 26 were in agriculture and 1 was in fishing or fisheries. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 367 of which 224 or (61.0%) were in manufacturing and 107 (29.2%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 2,023. In the tertiary sector; 966 or 47.8% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 43 or 2.1% were in the movement and storage of goods, 93 or 4.6% were in a hotel or restaurant, 81 or 4.0% were in the information industry, 33 or 1.6% were the insurance or financial industry, 82 or 4.1% were technical professionals or scientists, 330 or 16.3% were in education and 182 or 9.0% were in health care.[18]

In 2000,there were 1,314 workers who commuted into the municipality and 1,187 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 1.1 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. About 6.1% of the workforce coming into Rolle are coming from outside Switzerland, while 0.3% of the locals commute out of Switzerland for work.[19]Of the working population, 15.5% used public transportation to get to work, and 56.3% used a private car.[11]

Religion

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From the 2000 census,1,549 or 36.6% wereRoman Catholic,while 1,309 or 30.9% belonged to theSwiss Reformed Church.Of the rest of the population, there were 79members of an Orthodox church(or about 1.87% of the population), and there were 240 individuals (or about 5.67% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 18 individuals (or about 0.43% of the population) who wereJewish,and 213 (or about 5.03% of the population) who wereMuslim.There were 10 individuals who wereBuddhist,five who wereHinduand 23 who belonged to another church. A total of 615 residents (or about 14.52% of the population) belonged to no church, areagnosticoratheist,and 277 individuals (or about 6.54% of the population) did not answer the question.[12]

Education

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In Rolle about 1,163 or (27.5%) of the population have completed non-mandatoryupper secondary education,and 672 or (15.9%) have completed additional higher education (eitheruniversityor aFachhochschule). Of the 672 who completed tertiary schooling, 44.5% were Swiss men, 26.8% were Swiss women, 16.4% were non-Swiss men and 12.4% were non-Swiss women.[12]

In the 2009/2010 school year there were a total of 618 students in the Rolle school district. In the Vaud cantonal school system, two years of non-obligatory pre-school are provided by the political districts.[20]During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 1,249 children of which 563 children (45.1%) received subsidized pre-school care. The canton'sprimary schoolprogram requires students to attend for four years. There were 334 students in the municipal primary school program. The obligatory lower secondary school program lasts for six years and there were 262 students in those schools. There were also 22 students who were home schooled or attended another non-traditional school.[21]

As of 2000,there were 414 students in Rolle who came from another municipality, while 164 residents attended schools outside the municipality.[19]

It is also the location for the main campus ofInstitut Le Rosey,one of the most prestigiousboarding schoolsin the world.[22]Notable former residents of Rolle, and alumni of Le Rosey, include:Aga Khan IV,King Albert II of Belgium,King Baudouin I of Belgium,King Fuad II of Egypt,King Ntare V of Burundi,Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavī,andPrince Rainier III of Monaco.[23]

Notable residents

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Flore Revalles, ca.1918

References

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  1. ^ab"Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeinden nach 4 Hauptbereichen".Federal Statistical Office.Retrieved13 January2019.
  2. ^https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/pxweb/fr/px-x-0102020000_201/-/px-x-0102020000_201.px/table/tableViewLayout2/?rxid=c5985c8d-66cd-446c-9a07-d8cc07276160.Retrieved2 June2020.{{cite web}}:Missing or empty|title=(help)
  3. ^"Trip through the vineyards of La Cote".2007. Archived fromthe originalon 2008-05-03.Retrieved2007-10-06.
  4. ^"Switzerland is yours".2006.Retrieved2007-10-05.
  5. ^abcdefghRolleinGerman,FrenchandItalianin the onlineHistorical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  6. ^abSwiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics2009 data(in German)accessed 25 March 2010
  7. ^Nomenklaturen – Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der SchweizArchived2015-11-13 at theWayback Machine(in German)accessed 4 April 2011
  8. ^Flags of the World.comaccessed 11-August-2011
  9. ^"Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit".bfs.admin.ch(in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020.Retrieved21 September2021.
  10. ^Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Superweb database - Gemeinde Statistics 1981-2008(in German)accessed 19 June 2010
  11. ^abcdefSwiss Federal Statistical Officeaccessed 11-August-2011
  12. ^abcdeSTAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 - 2000Archived2013-08-09 at theWayback Machine(in German)accessed 2 February 2011
  13. ^Canton of Vaud Statistical Office(in French)accessed 29 April 2011
  14. ^abSwiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB - Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 - Gebäude und WohnungenArchived2014-09-07 at theWayback Machine(in German)accessed 28 January 2011
  15. ^Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach Region, 1850-2000Archived2014-09-30 at theWayback Machine(in German)accessed 29 January 2011
  16. ^"Kantonsliste A-Objekte".KGS Inventar(in German). Federal Office of Civil Protection. 2009. Archived fromthe originalon 28 June 2010.Retrieved25 April2011.
  17. ^Swiss Federal Statistical Office,Nationalratswahlen 2007: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung, nach Gemeinden/Bezirk/Canton(in German)accessed 28 May 2010
  18. ^Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Betriebszählung: Arbeitsstätten nach Gemeinde und NOGA 2008 (Abschnitte), Sektoren 1-3Archived2014-12-25 at theWayback Machine(in German)accessed 28 January 2011
  19. ^abSwiss Federal Statistical Office - StatwebArchived2007-08-04 at theWayback Machine(in German)accessed 24 June 2010
  20. ^Organigramme de l'école vaudoise, année scolaire 2009-2010(in French)accessed 2 May 2011
  21. ^Canton of Vaud Statistical Office - Scol. obligatoire/filières de transition(in French)accessed 2 May 2011
  22. ^"Where you learn to be a billionaire".Forbes.1999-07-05. Archived fromthe originalon June 9, 2007.Retrieved2007-07-14.
  23. ^"In Switzerland, Democracy at the Summit".1993-02-17. Archived fromthe originalon 2007-07-05.Retrieved2007-07-14.
  24. ^IMDb Databaseretrieved 23 March 2019
  25. ^Davier, Anne Flore Revalles, in: Kotte, Andreas (Ed.): Dictionary of the Theater in Switzerland, Zurich 2005 Chronos Verlag, vol. 3, p. 1484.accessed October 17, 2012
  26. ^Osborne, Lawrence (2001-09-30)."An Enfant Terrible at 70".The New York Times.Retrieved2010-02-14.
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