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Romani people in Ukraine

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Romani people in Ukraine
Total population
47,587 (2001 census),[1]est. 400,000[2]
Regions with significant populations
Zakarpattia region and Odesa region
Languages
Russian,Ukrainian,Para-Romani
Religion
Eastern Orthodoxy,Islam
Part ofa serieson
Romani people
Flag of the Romani people
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The presence ofRomanipeople in Ukraine(Ukrainian:Цигани в Україні,romanized:Tsyhany v Ukrayini) was first documented in the early 15th century.[3]The Romani maintained their social organizations and folkways, shunning non-Romani contacts, education and values, often as a reaction toanti-Romaniattitudes and persecution. They adopted the language and faith of the dominant society, beingOrthodoxin most of Ukraine,CatholicinWestern UkraineandZakarpattia Oblast,andMusliminCrimea.

History[edit]

Origin[edit]

The Romani people originate fromNorthern India,[4][5][6][7][8][9]presumably from the northwestern Indian statesRajasthan[8][9]andPunjab.[8]

The linguistic evidence has indisputably shown that roots of Romani language lie in India: the language has grammatical characteristics of Indian languages and shares with them parts of the basic lexicon, for example, body parts or daily routines.[10]

More exactly, Romani shares the basic lexicon withHindiandPunjabi.It shares many phonetic features withMarwari,while its grammar is closest toBengali.[11]

Genetic findings in 2012 suggest the Romani originated in northwestern India and migrated as a group.[5][6][12] According to a genetic study in 2012, the ancestors of present scheduled tribes and scheduled caste populations ofnorthern India,traditionally referred to collectively as theḌoma,are the likely ancestral populations of modern European Roma.[13]

In February 2016, during the International Roma Conference, theIndian Minister of External Affairsstated that the people of the Roma community were children of India. The conference ended with a recommendation to theGovernment of Indiato recognize the Roma community spread across 30 countries as a part of theIndian diaspora.[14]

2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine[edit]

During the2022 invasion of Ukraine,Roma people suffered since the often lack of civil status documentation held off their access to humanitarian assistance. Several sources report denying refugees access to European countries.[15]EU Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) called for special attention to Roma seeking sanctuary.[16]

The previous discouragement of the education of Roma girls hit them harder after the war disturbance in the education system.[17]Romani Ukrainians are also fighting Russian soldiers inLiubymivka.[18]Despite being part of a marginalized minority, hundreds of Roma volunteered to fight for theUkrainian armyand were awarded.[19][20]

Demographics[edit]

Sub-groups[edit]

TheMuslim Romamigrated fromCentral Asiain the 17th and 18th century toCrimea peninsula.[21]

  • Krimi (Крими),intermingled withCrimean Tatars.Further sub-groups include Audzhi (аюджі), Gurbety (гурбети), Mukani and others. DuringWorld War IINazis killed 800 Krimi Roma inSimferopol.After the Nazi occupation, Stalin ordered all Crimean Tatars and Crimean Romani to be deported to Central Asia as "special settlers" in 1944, further devastating their community.
    • Gurbeti:The gypsy communities in Crimea in the 19th century were divided by "Yerli" (Yerli) and "Chingene" (Nomad).[22]The Gurbeti (sometimes called Turkmen), lived mainly in the towns and steppe regions.[22]They traded horses and products made out of horse meat (such as the popular chir-chir-byurek).[22]TheKrimurjain Crimea incorporated small numbers of Gurbeti through marriage, although in the 19th century they are listed as a separate group of "locals".[23]Their small number likely prevented them from an own community.[23]Their Romani language and nomadic lifestyle determined their separation to theDaifa,and their joining to the Krimurja.[23]In spite of intermarriage between the Gurbeti and Krimurja, a distinct origin is remembered, and an internal separation to some extent has been preserved.[23]Some in Crimea suggest that the "chingene" deny their gypsy origin and declare asCrimean Tatars.[24]
  • Carpathian Romani The largest number of Roma is in the city ofMukachevo(1.4%), inVynohradiv(0.8%),Berehove(4.1%) andUzhgorod(4.1%) districts of theTranscarpathian region.[25][26]
  • Ruska Roma(northern Ukraine),
  • Servitka Roma(Serby, southern and central Ukraine, fromSerbia), Servitka live scattered in small groups among representatives of other ethnic groups. They are characterized by living in large cities ofZhytomyrandChernihivregions (cities ofChernihiv,Zhytomyr,Korosten,andMalyn).
  • Lovari(central Ukraine), most representatives of the Lovari group have their compact settlements inZhytomyr(Bohunia district), Teterivka village of Zhytomyr district and in the city ofMalyn.
  • Kelmysh, In the city ofBila Tserkvalives a group of gypsies-kelmish. In theCherkasy region,kelmish live not in cities, but in gypsy villages that emerged in the 60s of the XX century. The main region of settlement is the town ofSmilaand its surroundings.

Gallery[edit]

Notable people[edit]

Further information:Category:Ukrainian Romani people

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ab"The distribution of the population by nationality and mother tongue UKRAINE".Archived fromthe originalon 14 September 2007.Retrieved19 May2007.
  2. ^ab[1]:In reality, by the preliminary estimates of communication within our nation, only the East of Ukraine has approximately 150 thousand Romani nationals, and we are sure that the Romani population on the territory of Ukraine reaches more than 400 thousand people.
  3. ^Volodymyr Kubijovyc (1988).Encyclopedia of Ukraine: Volume II: G-K.
  4. ^Hancock, Ian F. (2005) [2002].We are the Romani People.Univ of Hertfordshire Press. p. 70.ISBN978-1-902806-19-8:‘While a nine century removal from India has diluted Indian biological connection to the extent that for some Romani groups, it may be hardly representative today, Sarren (1976:72) concluded that we still remain together, genetically, Asian rather than European’{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  5. ^abMendizabal, Isabel (6 December 2012)."Reconstructing the Population History of European Romani from Genome-wide Data".Current Biology.22(24): 2342–2349.doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.10.039.hdl:10230/25348.PMID23219723.
  6. ^abSindya N. Bhanoo (11 December 2012)."Genomic Study Traces Roma to Northern India".New York Times.
  7. ^Current Biology.
  8. ^abcMeira Goldberg, K.; Bennahum, Ninotchka Devorah; Hayes, Michelle Heffner (2015-09-28).Flamenco on the Global Stage: Historical, Critical and Theoretical Perspectives - K. Meira Goldberg, Ninotchka Devorah Bennahum, Michelle Heffner Hayes - Google Books.ISBN9780786494705.
  9. ^abSimon Broughton; Mark Ellingham; Richard Trillo (1999).World Music: Africa, Europe and the Middle East.Rough Guides. p.147.ISBN9781858286358.Roma Rajastan Penjab.
  10. ^Šebková, Hana; Žlnayová, Edita (1998),Nástin mluvnice slovenské romštiny (pro pedagogické účely)(PDF),Ústí nad Labem: Pedagogická fakulta Univerzity J. E. Purkyně v Ústí nad Labem, p. 4,ISBN80-7044-205-0,archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2016-03-04
  11. ^Hübschmannová, Milena (1995). "Romaňi čhib – romština: Několik základních informací o romském jazyku".Bulletin Muzea Romské Kultury(4/1995). Brno: Muzeum romské kultury.Zatímco romská lexika je bližší hindštině, marvárštině, pandžábštině atd., v gramatické sféře nacházíme mnoho shod s východoindickým jazykem, s bengálštinou.
  12. ^"5 Intriguing Facts About the Roma".Live Science.23 October 2013.
  13. ^Rai, N; Chaubey, G; Tamang, R; Pathak, AK; Singh, VK (2012), "The Phylogeography of Y-Chromosome Haplogroup H1a1a-M82 Reveals the Likely Indian Origin of the European Romani Populations",PLOS ONE,7(11): e48477,Bibcode:2012PLoSO...748477R,doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048477,PMC3509117,PMID23209554
  14. ^"Can Romas be part of Indian diaspora?".khaleejtimes.com. 29 February 2016.
  15. ^"Romani family denied exit from Ukraine: border guards accuse Roma of" wrongdoings "in Hungary".European Roma Rights Centre(in Hungarian).Retrieved2022-04-18.
  16. ^"Ensure equal treatment for Roma fleeing Ukraine".European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights(in Dutch). 2022-04-01.Retrieved2022-04-18.
  17. ^"Rapid gender analysis in Ukraine reveals different impacts and needs of women and men".UN Women – Headquarters.2022-04-05.Retrieved7 April2022.
  18. ^"Roma from Kherson oblast in Ukraine capture tank from Russian occupiers".
  19. ^"Almost 200 pro-Roma and Romani organizations worldwide condemn Russia's war on Ukraine, call for it to end and for the human rights of all refugees to be upheld".romea.cz.Retrieved2022-04-18.
  20. ^"Braća po oružju: Zbog pomoći protiv ruske agresije mijenja se stav Ukrajinaca prema Romima".www.klix.ba(in Bosnian).Retrieved2023-04-10.
  21. ^Gypsies in Central Asia and the Caucasus.2016.ISBN9783319410562.
  22. ^abcGeisenhaner-Lange,p. 427
  23. ^abcdGeisenhaner-Lange,p. 437
  24. ^Geisenhaner-Lange, p. 432
  25. ^Січ, Нова."Нова Січ – Новини – Історія українських циган".Novasich.org.ua.Retrieved30 August2017.
  26. ^Helbing Adriana,Ukraine: Performing Politics,28 February 2006

Sources[edit]

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