Jump to content

Royal Rumble (1993)

This is a good article. Click here for more information.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Royal Rumble
Promotional poster featuringBret HartandRazor Ramonamong various WWF wrestlers
PromotionWorld Wrestling Federation
DateJanuary 24, 1993
CitySacramento, California
VenueARCO Arena
Attendance16,000[1]
Pay-per-view chronology
←Previous
Survivor Series 		Next→
WrestleMania IX
Royal Rumblechronology
←Previous
1992 		Next→
1994

The 1993Royal Rumblewas the sixth annualRoyal Rumbleprofessional wrestlingpay-per-view(PPV)eventproduced by theWorld Wrestling Federation(WWF, now WWE). It took place on January 24, 1993, at theARCO ArenainSacramento, California.It centered on theRoyal Rumble match,a modifiedbattle royalin which participants enter at timed intervals instead of all beginning in the ring at the same time.

Six matches were contested at the event, including onedark match.The main event was the 1993 Royal Rumble match. It was won byYokozuna,who was awarded a match for theWWF ChampionshipatWrestleMania IX.This was the first time that the Rumble winner earned a world championship match atWrestleMania,which is now standard for the annual event. In other prominent matches,Bret HartdefeatedRazor Ramonto retain the WWF Championship, andShawn MichaelsdefeatedMarty Jannettyto retain theWWF Intercontinental Championship.

Production[edit]

Background[edit]

TheRoyal Rumbleis an annualgimmickpay-per-view(PPV). It has been produced every January by theWorld Wrestling Federation(WWF, now WWE) since 1988, and has been broadcast on PPV since 1989.[2]It is one of the promotion's original four pay-per-views, along withWrestleMania,SummerSlam,andSurvivor Series,later dubbed the "Big Four".[3]It is named after theRoyal Rumble match,a modifiedbattle royalin which the participants enter at timed intervals instead of all beginning in the ring at the same time. The 1993 event was the sixth event in the Royal Rumble chronology and was scheduled to be held on January 24, 1993, at theARCO ArenainSacramento, California.[4][5]

The Royal Rumble match generally features 30 wrestlers. Prior to 1992, there was no prize for winning the match. At the1992 event,as theWWF World Heavyweight Championshiphad been vacated, it was decided that the prize for the 1992 Royal Rumble match would be the vacant title. For the 1993 match, it was decided that the winner would receive a match for the championship atWrestleMania IX.[4][5]

Storylines[edit]

The primary feud leading up to Royal Rumble 1993 was betweenWWF World Heavyweight ChampionBret Hart and challengerRazor Ramon(a replacement forThe Ultimate Warrior,who had left the previous November).[6]Ramon formed an alliance in late 1992 withRic Flair,who Hart defeated to win the title belt. During an interview in which Hart was talking about the upcoming match, Ramon and Flair came to the ring and attacked Hart.[7]Ramon later escalated the feud by attackingOwen Hart,Bret's brother.[8][9]

Bret Hartwas theWWF World Heavyweight Championgoing into the event.

Another major feud featured at the event was betweenShawn MichaelsandMarty Jannetty,who had teamed for several years asThe Rockers.The team split up in December 1991, when Michaels attacked Jannetty during an episode ofBrutus Beefcake's interview segment, "The Barber Shop".[10]Michaels became a singles wrestler and won theWWF Intercontinental Championshipon October 27, 1992, fromDavey Boy Smith.[11]On the October 31, 1992, episode ofWWF Superstars of Wrestling,Jannetty returned to the WWF after a lengthy absence and confronted Michaels. He attempted to hit Michaels with a mirror, but Michaels pulled hisvalet,Sensational Sherriin front of him. Sherri was hit with the mirror, which caused friction between her and Michaels.[12]Michaels and Jannetty were scheduled to face each other for the Intercontinental Championship at Royal Rumble 1993. Leading up to the match, Sherri announced that she would be in the corner of one of the men, but she refused to say which one.[9]

In anundercardmatch,The Steiner Brothers(Rick SteinerandScott Steiner), who made their WWF debut in late 1992, were scheduled to face theBeverly Brothers(Beau BeverlyandBlake Beverly). There was little buildup for the match, but the Steiners and Beverlys had a rivalry over which was the best team of brothers in the WWF (although the Beverly Brothers are not related in real life).[9]

Several feuds also formed the background for the Royal Rumble match.Virgilhad served asTed DiBiase's servant andbodyguardfor several years. DiBiase treated Virgil poorly, which eventually led Virgil to turn against his employer. AtRoyal Rumble 1991,he attacked DiBiase after a match by hitting him with theMillion Dollar Championship,a title that DiBiase had awarded himself.[13]Virgil defeated DiBiase for the belt atSummerSlam 1991,[14]although DiBiase later regained the title.[15]The Undertakerwas feuding withmanagerHarvey Wippleman.He had a series of matches againstKamalain 1992 that included a bout atSummerSlam.[16]The rivalry culminated in acoffin matchatSurvivor Series 1992.The Undertaker won the match,[17]but Wippleman vowed revenge.[18]Tito SantanaandRick Martelhad formed a tag team known asStrike Forcein 1987, and they held theWorld Tag Team Championshiptogether for five months.[19]Martel walked away during a match against theBrain BustersatWrestleMania V,leaving Santana to face both opponents alone.[20]The team split up as a result and the former partners had a lengthy feud.[21]

Mr. Perfectserved as "executive consultant" toRic Flairin 1992,[22]but the relationship broke down toward the end of the year. The partnership split up when Perfect teamed withRandy Savageto face Flair andRazor Ramonat Survivor Series 1992.[17]Flairlegitimatelyrequested a release from his contract, as he felt he would be more successful if he returned toWorld Championship Wrestling(WCW). WWF ownerVince McMahonagreed and set up a feud between Flair and Perfect to create a storyline for Flair's departure from the company.[23]Many wrestlers were scheduled to compete at the 1993 Royal Rumble but were either replaced or had left the company before the event. Those who were scheduled to compete were Doink the Clown, Crush, Hacksaw Jim Duggan, The Mountie, and Kamala.[24]

The event also featured the WWF debut ofLex Luger.Luger had previously wrestled in WCW, where he held theWCW World Heavyweight Championship.[25]He had left the wrestling industry to join Vince McMahon'sWorld Bodybuilding Federation(WBF). After the WBF failed, Luger signed with McMahon's WWF.[26]

Event[edit]

Other on-screen personnel[27]
Role: Name:
Commentator Gorilla Monsoon
Bobby Heenan
Interviewers Gene Okerlund
Raymond Rougeau
Ring announcer Howard Finkel
Referee John Binella
Danny Davis
Jack Doan
Earl Hebner
Joey Marella
Bill Alfonso

Five matches with pre-determined results were shown on the pay-per-view telecast. In addition,Doink the ClowndefeatedJim Powersbysubmissionin an unteleviseddark matchbefore the event.[27]In the first match shown as part of the broadcast, the Steiner Brothers (Rick Steiner and Scott Steiner) faced the Beverly Brothers (Beau Beverly and Blake Beverly). Scott gained the early advantage over Beau, both men quickly tagged in their partners. Rick performed abody slamon Blake and then tagged Scott back in, who threw Blake with abelly to belly suplex.The Beverlys regained the advantage and took turns attacking Scott's back. Blake performed aBoston crabhold to put more pressure on Scott's back and attempt to force him to submit. Scott escaped the hold and threw Blake to the mat by performing aTiger driver.The Steiners capitalized on their advantage by keeping Blake in the ring and unable to tag his partner. Scott won the match for his team by pinning Blake after executing aFrankensteiner.[9][28]

The Big Boss ManfacedBam Bam Bigelow.

In the next match, Sensational Sherri stood at ringside as Shawn Michaels defended his Intercontinental Championship against Marty Jannetty. She did not reveal her allegiance to either man. Jannetty gained the early advantage, knocking Michaels out of the ring and diving onto him through the ropes. He then attacked Michaels by jumping off the top rope, but Michaels countering this move by hitting him on the way down. Michaels hit Jannetty's shoulder against the ring post and focused on wearing down the shoulder once both men had re-entered the ring. Michaels missed an attack from the top rope, which allowed Jannetty to punch him repeatedly. Michaels recovered and threw Jannetty out of the ring, but Jannetty thensuplexedMichaels over the rope and onto the arena floor. Sherri turned on Michaels by slapping him in the face, and Jannetty threw Michaels back into the ring with a belly-to-back suplex. Jannetty performed a powerslam and aDDTon Michaels. Michaels attempted to punch Jannetty but knocked the referee unconscious instead. Sherri came into the ring and tried to hit Michaels with her shoe. Michaels moved out of the way, and Sherri hit Jannetty instead. When the referee recovered, Michaels performed asuperkickon Jannetty and pinned him to retain the championship.[9][28]

The third televised match featuredthe Big Boss ManfacingBam Bam Bigelow.Bigelow attacked Boss Man before the match and controlled the match's beginning by using power moves to wear Boss Man down. Boss Man performed twoclotheslineson Bigelow to gain the advantage. Bigelow responded by throwing Boss Man with abelly to back suplex,and then threw him out of the ring. He wore Boss Man down with abear hug.Boss Man briefly regained the advantage by suplexing Bigelow but eventually tried to run at Bigelow to crush him in the corner of the ring. As Boss Man approached, Bigelow kicked him in the face and followed this up by performing adiving headbuttfrom the top rope to win the match by pinfall.[9][28]

The next match was for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship, as Bret Hart defended the title against Razor Ramon. Ramon got the early advantage by punching Hart repeatedly but accidentally hit his knee against aturnbucklewhile running at Hart. Hart applied afigure-four leglockto apply pressure to Ramon's knee. Ramon escaped the hold and threw Hart against a ring post; he capitalized on this advantage by attacking Hart's back. Ramon threw Hart with afallaway slamand applied a bear hug. Hart escaped the hold by biting Ramon. He threw Ramon out of the ring and performed several of his signature moves, including aRussian legsweepand anelbow drop from the second rope.Hart applied theSharpshooter,his signature hold, but Ramon grabbed the ropes, which forced the referee to instruct Hart to break the hold. Hart threw Ramon with a belly-to-back suplex, but Ramon responded by attempting to perform theRazor's Edge,his signature move. Hart reversed this into an unsuccessful pin attempt. With both men exhausted, Hart applied the Sharpshooter and won the match by forcing Ramon tosubmit.[9][28]

Before the final match,Bobby Heenan,amanagerand commentator, unveiled his newest wrestler, "The Narcissist"Lex Luger.Heenan pointed out Luger's muscles and announced that Luger would carry on Heenan's rivalry with Mr. Perfect.[9][28]

The Undertakerwas eliminated from the Royal Rumble byGiant González.

The main event of the broadcast, the Royal Rumble match, came next. For the first time, a stipulation was added that the winner of the match would receive a match for the WWF Championship at that year's WrestleMania (a provision that has remained since).[29]The match began with two former WWF Champions, as Ric Flair andBob Backlundentered the ring first. Every two minutes, one of the remaining twenty-eight contestants entered the match according to the number they drew prior to the event.Papa Shangowas the third wrestler to enter but was thrown over the top rope and onto the arena floor by Ric Flair, causing Shango to be eliminated. Virgil entered sixth and immediately attacked Ted DiBiase because of their long-standing grudge. When Mr. Perfect entered in the number ten spot, he and Flair fought each other until Perfect eliminated Flair by performing a clothesline to knock Flair onto the floor. Virgil was eliminated byThe Berzerker,while Perfect was thrown out of the ring byJerry Lawler,Koko B. Ware,and Ted DiBiase.[9][28]

The Undertaker was the fifteenth wrestler to enter; he eliminated four men before Harvey Wippleman appeared, accompanying a large man (who was later revealed to beGiant González,billed at eight feet tall). González attacked The Undertaker and threw him out of the ring; as a result, The Undertaker was eliminated from the match. Several referees tried to get González to return to the locker room; he eventually left, andPaul Bearer,The Undertaker's manager, came to the ring. He helped The Undertaker revive, and The Undertaker returned to the locker room to find González. Several minutes later,Typhoonentered the match, followed shortly by his tag team partner inThe Natural Disasters,Earthquake.Earthquake immediately targeted Typhoon and eliminated him from the match. Earthquake tried to console his partner, who ignored him and left ringside. Later,Tito SantanaandRick Martelwere in the ring at the same time; they fought each other immediately as a result of their five-year-old feud.Yokozuna,weighing over 500 pounds (227 kilograms), entered in the number twenty-seven spot; at one point, almost every wrestler worked together in an attempt to eliminate him, but they were unable to lift him.[9][28]

Former WWF ChampionRandy Savagewas the last wrestler to enter the match. The wrestlers fought and several men were eliminated in quick succession, leaving Backlund, Martel, Yokozuna, and Savage. Backlund eliminated Martel but was then eliminated by Yokozuna.[9][28]Backlund was in the ring for one hour, one minute, and ten seconds, which set a new record for time spent in a Royal Rumble match.[30]Savage gained the advantage over Yokozuna; he knocked him down and performed adiving elbow dropfrom the top rope. He tried to pin Yokozuna, although pinfalls are not counted during a Royal Rumble. Yokozuna pushed Savage off of him so hard that Savage flew over the top rope and onto the arena floor. As a result, Yokozuna was named the winner of the 1993 Royal Rumble match.[9][28]

Reception[edit]

Writing forOnline Onslaught,columnist Adam Gutschmidt stated that the first half of the event is worth watching. He enjoyed the tag team match and the bout between Jannetty and Michaels. He also found the WWF World Heavyweight Championship match surprisingly good. He did not feel that the match between Big Boss Man and Bam Bam Bigelow was interesting. He also disliked the Royal Rumble match because too many tag team wrestlers were included, there were few exciting moments, and Giant González did not help the match.[28]Scott Keith reviewed the event for411mania.He found the opening match between the Steiners and Beverlys to be boring. He enjoyed much of the match between Jannetty and Michaels but found the ending disappointing. He rated the match between Boss Man and Bigelow as a "dud" but enjoyed the WWF World Heavyweight Championship bout. He called the Royal Rumble match one of the worst in history, as he found much of the match boring and did not enjoy the debut of González. Overall, he rated the event as "mildly recommended".[31]Reviewing the event for theWrestling Observer Newsletter,Dave Meltzergave the tag-team match a score of three stars, the Intercontinental Championship match four stars, and the WWF World Heavyweight Title match three and one quarter stars.[32]

The event drew 16,000 spectators, who paid $187,000 in admission fees. This was down from the previous year's 17,000 fans but higher than the attendance for any of the following three Royal Rumble events. The pay-per-view buyrate of 1.25 was also lower than that ofRoyal Rumble 1992,which had a 1.8 buyrate. It was higher than the buyrates for all of the Royal Rumble events from 1994 to 1998.[1]

Royal Rumble 1993 was released onVHSbyColiseum Videoon February 11, 1993, in North America.[33]It was released onDVDin North America as part of WWE's Complete Royal Rumble Anthology on November 27, 2007.[34]In the United Kingdom, it was released on VHS in 1993.[35]On June 6, 2005, it was packaged together withRoyal Rumble 1994as part of WWE'sTagged Classicsline for its United Kingdom DVD release.[36]This was followed by the Complete Royal Rumble Anthology DVD set, which was released on October 15, 2007.[37]

Aftermath[edit]

At WrestleMania IX, Yokozuna defeated Bret Hart to win the WWF World Heavyweight Championship.[38]His title reign only lasted several minutes, as hedroppedthe belt toHulk Hoganin an impromptu match.[39]Yokozuna regained the title but dropped it to Hart the following year.[40]The 1993 Royal Rumble in turn began a tradition, in which the winner of the titular match now earns aworld championshipmatch at WrestleMania.[4][5]

Shawn Michaelscontinued his feud withMarty Jannetty.

Shawn Michaels continued his feud with Sensational Sherri at WrestleMania IX. Sherri accompaniedTatanka,and Michaels countered this by introducingLuna Vachon,his new valet. After the match, Vachon attacked Sherri.[41]The feud also continued between Michaels and Jannetty, as Jannetty defeated Michaels for the Intercontinental Championship on May 17, 1993.[42]Michaels regained the belt in a rematch the following month to end the feud.[43]

Razor Ramon continued to wrestle in high-profile matches but achieved little success until changing his persona to afaceafter losing to the underdog1-2-3 Kidin May 1993.[44]As a fan favorite, Ramon won his first of four Intercontinental Championships in September 1993.[45]

The day after Royal Rumble onMonday Night Raw,Flair faced Perfect in aloser leaves town match,in which the loser would be forced to leave the WWF forever. Because Flair had an agreement with McMahon to lose to Mr. Perfect before leaving the promotion, Perfect won the match and Flair did not appear in the WWF again until 2001 on the episode of Raw that was the day afterSurvivor Serieswhen he appeared as a co-owner of the promotion.[46][47]With Flair gone from the promotion, Luger continued Heenan's feud and defeated Mr. Perfect at WrestleMania IX.[48]

The Beverly Brothers were unable to win the World Tag Team Championship, but the Steiners won the belts on two occasions in 1993. They feuded withMoney Inc.(DiBiase andIrwin R. Schyster), who had held the belts since the previous October, before winning their first championship on June 14.[49]

Earthquake and Typhoon stopped teaming after their confrontation during the Royal Rumble match. No feud ever materialized, as Earthquake was released by the WWF and left to compete in Japan.[50]The rivalry between Virgil and DiBiase was not mentioned again until the following year, when Virgil had a brief feud withNikolai Volkoff,who was managed by DiBiase.[51][52]DiBiase was reunited with Virgil, who had been renamed Vincent, when both men were members of WCW'sNew World Orderin 1996.[13]

Luger's status as aheel(villain) was short-lived. Yokozuna issued a challenge for any American athlete to try to bodyslam him on the deck of theUSSIntrepidonIndependence Daythat year. Several athletes made the attempt, but nobody was able to lift Yokozuna until Luger arrived in a helicopter and bodyslammed Yokozuna.[53]Luger received apushand was given a match for Yokozuna's WWF World Heavyweight Championship atSummerSlam 1993,but he was unable to win the belt.[54]

The Undertaker's feud with Harvey Wippleman escalated in the following months and was featured at two more pay-per-view events in 1993. The Undertaker faced Giant González at WrestleMania IX; González wasdisqualifiedafter attacking The Undertaker with a chloroform-soaked rag provided by Wippleman.[55]Wippleman and González recruitedMr. Hughes,and the three men attacked The Undertaker and Paul Bearer. They stole The Undertaker's urn,[56]which was said to be the source of his power.[57]The feud culminated in aRest in Peace matchat SummerSlam 1993, which The Undertaker won to end the feud.[58]

Results[edit]

No.Results[27][59]StipulationsTimes[1]
1DDoink the ClowndefeatedJim Powersby submissionSingles match5:57
2The Steiner Brothers(RickandScott) defeatedThe Beverly Brothers(BeauandBlake) by pinfallTag team match10:34
3Shawn Michaels(c) defeatedMarty Jannettyby pinfallSingles match for theWWF Intercontinental Championship14:20
4Bam Bam BigelowdefeatedBig Boss Manby pinfallSingles match10:10
5Bret Hart(c) defeatedRazor Ramonby submissionSingles match for theWWF Championship17:52
6Yokozunawon by last eliminatingRandy Savage30-manRoyal Rumble matchfor aWWF Championshipmatch atWrestleMania IX1:06:35
(c)– the champion(s) heading into the match
D– this was adark match

^Sensational Sherri was in a neutral corner in the third match.

Royal Rumble entrances and eliminations[edit]

A new entrant came out approximately every two minutes.

Draw[59] Entrant[59] Order[59] Eliminated by[59] Time[60] Eliminations
1 Ric Flair 4 Mr. Perfect 18:38 1
2 Bob Backlund 28 Yokozuna 1:01:10^ 2
3 Papa Shango 1 Ric Flair 00:28 0
4 Ted DiBiase 13 The Undertaker 24:55 4
5 Brian Knobbs 2 Ted DiBiase 02:58 0
6 Virgil 7 The Berzerker 17:08 0
7 Jerry Lawler 6 Mr. Perfect 14:35 2
8 Max Moon 3 Jerry Lawler 01:56 0
9 Genichiro Tenryu 10 The Undertaker 13:17 0
10 Mr. Perfect 8 Jerry Lawler, Koko B. Ware and Ted DiBiase^ 09:15 3
11 Skinner 5 Mr. Perfect 03:05 0
12 Koko B. Ware 12 Ted DiBiase 08:31 1
13 Samu 9 The Undertaker 04:49 0
14 The Berzerker 14 05:21 1
15 The Undertaker 15 Giant González^ 04:14 4
16 Terry Taylor 11 Ted DiBiase 00:24 0
17 Damien Demento 17 Carlos Colón 12:27 0
18 Irwin R. Schyster 19 Earthquake 16:00 0
19 Tatanka 20 Yokozuna 17:34 0
20 Jerry Sags 24 Owen Hart 21:50 0
21 Typhoon 16 Earthquake 05:12 0
22 Fatu 18 Bob Backlund 06:32 0
23 Earthquake 22 Yokozuna 11:00 2
24 Carlos Colón 21 07:25 1
25 Tito Santana 23 11:01 0
26 Rick Martel 27 Bob Backlund 11:23 0
27 Yokozuna - Winner 14:53 7
28 Owen Hart 25 Yokozuna 05:39 1
29 Repo Man 26 Randy Savage 03:33 0
30 Randy Savage 29 Yokozuna 09:01 1
  • ^Bob Backlund takes the record of longevity lasting 1:01:10 in a Royal Rumble, beating the previous time held byRic FlairfromRoyal Rumble (1992).This record will stand for 11 years, untilChris Benoitbreaks it atRoyal Rumble (2004).
  • ^Giant González was not an entrant in the Rumble. This was his WWF debut.
  • ^Jerry Lawler was already eliminated when he helped eliminate Mr. Perfect.

References[edit]

  1. ^abc"Royal Rumble Event Results".Pro Wrestling History.RetrievedNovember 3,2008.
  2. ^Sturm, Damion (2018). "Macho Madness and the Mania (" Oh Yeaaaah, Dig It! "): Mediatization, Masculinities and Affective Memories of WWF's Halcyon Days (c. 1984-1993)". In Aaron D. Horton (ed.).Identity in Professional Wrestling: Essays on Nationality, Race and Gender.Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. p. 272.ISBN978-1-4766-6728-7.
  3. ^Ian Hamilton.Wrestling's Sinking Ship: What Happens to an Industry Without Competition(p. 160)
  4. ^abc"Specialty Matches: Royal Rumble".WWE.RetrievedDecember 3,2007.
  5. ^abcWaldman, Jon (February 2, 2005)."Statistical survival – breaking down the Royal Rumble".SLAM! Wrestling. Archived from the original on July 14, 2012.RetrievedDecember 9,2007.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  6. ^Bret Hart talks Roddy Piper & Shawn Michaels.Aftermath.The Score Television Network.June 11, 2012. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
  7. ^"WWF Superstars".WWF Television.Dayton, Ohio.December 12, 1992.Syndicated.
  8. ^"WWF Superstars".WWF Television.Green Bay, Wisconsin. January 2, 1993.Syndicated.
  9. ^abcdefghijklWWF Royal Rumble 1993(VHS).Coliseum Video.1993.
  10. ^Rote, Andrew (March 4, 2008)."Rock and rule".World Wrestling Entertainment.RetrievedOctober 27,2008.
  11. ^"History of the Intercontinental Championship: Shawn Michaels' first reign".World Wrestling Entertainment.RetrievedOctober 27,2008.
  12. ^"WWF Superstars".WWF Television.Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.October 31, 1992.Syndicated.
  13. ^ab"WWE Alumni: Virgil".World Wrestling Entertainment.RetrievedOctober 26,2008.
  14. ^"SummerSlam 1991 Results".World Wrestling Entertainment. Archived fromthe originalon July 31, 2008.RetrievedOctober 26,2008.
  15. ^Milner, John M."Ted DiBiase".SLAM! Wrestling.Canadian Online Explorer.Archived from the original on June 29, 2012.RetrievedOctober 27,2008.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  16. ^"SummerSlam 1992 Results".World Wrestling Entertainment. Archived fromthe originalon June 5, 2011.RetrievedOctober 27,2008.
  17. ^ab"Survivor Series 1992 Results".World Wrestling Entertainment.RetrievedOctober 27,2008.
  18. ^"WWF Superstars".WWF Television.Green Bay, Wisconsin.January 16, 1993.Syndicated.
  19. ^"History of the World Tag Team Championship: Strike Force's first reign".World Wrestling Entertainment.RetrievedOctober 27,2008.
  20. ^WWF WrestleMania V(VHS).Coliseum Video.1989.
  21. ^Shields, Brian (2006).Main Event: WWE in the Raging 80s.Simon & Schuster. p.139.ISBN1-4165-3257-9.
  22. ^Flair, Ric;Greenberg, Keith Elliot (2004).Ric Flair: To Be the Man.Simon & Schuster. p. 219.ISBN0-7434-5691-2.
  23. ^Reynolds, R.D.; Alvarez, Bryan (2004).WrestleCrap and Figure Four Weekly Present the Death of WCW.ECW Press. p. 49.ISBN1-55022-661-4.
  24. ^Cawthon, Graham (2013).the History of Professional Wrestling Vol 2: WWF 1990–1999.CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.ASINB00RWUNSRS.
  25. ^"History of the WCW World Championship: Lex Luger's first reign".World Wrestling Entertainment.RetrievedNovember 3,2008.
  26. ^Reynolds, R. D. (2003).Wrestlecrap: The Very Worst of Pro Wrestling.ECW Press. p.161.ISBN1-55022-584-7.
  27. ^abc"WWF Royal Rumble 1993".Hoffco, Inc.RetrievedNovember 3,2008.
  28. ^abcdefghijGutschmidt, Adam (June 2, 2005)."Royal Rumble 1993 Re-Revued".Online Onslaught.Archived fromthe originalon December 8, 2011.RetrievedNovember 3,2008.
  29. ^Nemer, Paul (October 6, 2003)."ASK WV (10/6/03): Lawler/3 Knights, WarGames, Rumble Stipulation & More".WrestleView.RetrievedNovember 3,2008.
  30. ^"Royal Rumble: Facts & Figures".World Wrestling Entertainment.RetrievedDecember 29,2008.
  31. ^Keith, Scott (July 28, 2002)."The SmarK Retro Repost – Royal Rumble 1993".411mania.RetrievedNovember 3,2008.
  32. ^"WWF Royal Rumble '93 at Sleep Train Arena (AKA Power Balance Pavilion, & ARCO Arena) wrestling results - Internet Wrestling Database".www.profightdb.com.RetrievedJune 13,2024.
  33. ^Royal Rumble 1993.ASIN630267025X.
  34. ^"WWE Royal Rumble – The Complete Anthology, Vol. 2".Amazon.com.RetrievedNovember 3,2008.
  35. ^"WWF Royal Rumble 1993".Amazon.co.uk.RetrievedNovember 3,2008.
  36. ^"WWE – Royal Rumble 1993/94".Amazon UK.RetrievedNovember 3,2008.
  37. ^"WWE – Royal Rumble: the Complete Anthology Vol. 2: 1993–97".Amazon UK.RetrievedNovember 3,2008.
  38. ^"History of the WWE Championship: Yokozuna's first reign".World Wrestling Entertainment. Archived fromthe originalon December 10, 2005.RetrievedNovember 3,2008.
  39. ^"History of the WWE Championship: Hulk Hogan's first reign".WWE.Archived fromthe originalon February 7, 2012.RetrievedNovember 3,2008.
  40. ^"History of the WWE Championship".World Wrestling Entertainment. Archived fromthe originalon February 24, 2009.RetrievedNovember 3,2008.
  41. ^Mazer, Sharon (1998).Professional Wrestling: Sport and Spectacle.University of Mississippi Press. p. 140.ISBN1-57806-021-4.
  42. ^"History of the Intercontinental Championship: Marty Jannetty's first reign".World Wrestling Entertainment.RetrievedNovember 3,2008.
  43. ^"History of the Intercontinental Championship: Shawn Michaels's first reign".World Wrestling Entertainment.RetrievedNovember 3,2008.
  44. ^Conner, Floyd (2000).Wrestling's Most Wanted: The Top 10 Book of Pro Wrestling's Outrageous Performers, Punishing Piledrivers, and Other Oddities.Brassey's. p. 114.ISBN1-57488-308-9.
  45. ^"History of the Intercontinental Championship".World Wrestling Entertainment. Archived fromthe originalon March 9, 2009.RetrievedNovember 3,2008.
  46. ^"Ric Flair – FAQ".WrestleView.Archived fromthe originalon August 20, 2007.RetrievedNovember 3,2008.
  47. ^Kaelberer, Angie Peterson (2003).The Nature Boy: Pro Wrestler Ric Flair.Capstone Press. p.43.ISBN0-7368-2141-4.
  48. ^"WrestleMania IX Results".World Wrestling Entertainment.RetrievedNovember 3,2008.
  49. ^"History of the World Tag Team Championship".World Wrestling Entertainment.RetrievedNovember 3,2008.
  50. ^Csonka, Larry."Tribute to" Earthquake "John Tenta".Figure Four Wrestling.RetrievedNovember 3,2008.
  51. ^"Wrestling Challenge".WWF Television.Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. July 24, 1994.Syndicated.
  52. ^Solomon, Brian (February 21, 2006).WWE Legends.Pocket Books. p.167.ISBN0-7434-9033-9.
  53. ^Schramm, Chris."Triumph and tragedy on July 4th".SLAM! Wrestling.Canadian Online Explorer.Archived from the original on July 24, 2012.RetrievedNovember 4,2008.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  54. ^"Lex Luger vs. Yokozuna w/ Mr. Fuji for the WWE Championship".World Wrestling Entertainment. Archived fromthe originalon November 22, 2008.RetrievedNovember 4,2008.
  55. ^Powell, John (March 2, 2004)."'Mania's worst matches ".SLAM! Wrestling.Canadian Online Explorer.Archived from the original on July 18, 2012.RetrievedNovember 4,2008.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  56. ^"WWF Superstars".WWF Television.Halifax, Nova Scotia. June 12, 1993.Syndicated.
  57. ^Reynolds, R.D.; Bryan, Alvarez (2004).WrestleCrap and Figure Four Weekly Present the Death of WCW.ECW Press. p. 167.ISBN1-55022-661-4.
  58. ^"SummerSlam 1993 Results".World Wrestling Entertainment. Archived fromthe originalon June 5, 2011.RetrievedNovember 4,2008.
  59. ^abcde"Yokozuna (spot No. 27) wins the Royal Rumble Match".World Wrestling Entertainment.RetrievedNovember 4,2008.
  60. ^"Royal Rumble 1993".Pro Wrestling History.RetrievedApril 8,2011.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal_Rumble_(1993)&oldid=1230624895"