Sri Lanka Rupavahini Corporation

Sri Lanka Rupavahini Corporation

Company type	Government-owned corporation
Industry	Mass media Entertainment
Founded	14 February 1982(1982-02-14)
Area served	Sri Lanka
Key people	Titus Thotawatte Rosmand Senaratne Mayura Samarasinghe
Revenue	Rs1.951 billion(2015)
Operating income	Rs−338.9million(2015)
Net income	Rs−371.7million(2015)
Total assets	Rs1.985 billion(2015)
Total equity	Rs1.219 billion(2015)
Number of employees	1,030(2015)
Parent	Ministry of Information and Mass Media
Subsidiaries	Channel Eye Nethra TV NTV
Website	www.rupavahini.lk

TheSri Lanka Rūpavāhinī Corporation(Sinhala:ශ්‍රී ලංකා රූපවාහිනී සංස්ථාව;Tamil:இலங்கை ரூபவாகினி கூட்டுத்தாபனம்), also known asJathika Rupavahini(lit.National Television) or simply asRupavahini,is the national television network ofSri Lanka.The term Rupavahini literally means "purveyor of images" in theSinhala language.

Established by Parliament under Act No. 6 of 1982 for the provision of national television service, it produces and broadcasts programmes in three languages. Distinguished civil servantM.J Pererawas the founder and chairman of Sri Lanka Rupavahini Corporation.

SLRC is the largest television broadcaster inSri Lankaand has an island-wide reception of its channels. SLRC broadcasts its channels in bothVHFandUHFfrequencies inSri Lanka.Currently, all of the network's services are only available byanalogtransmission. But there are plans to upgrade todigital broadcasting.From 2011Kokavilbegan to broadcast in DVB-T2 for the North area in Sri Lanka. There were plans to transmit DVB-T2 digital television all over the country in 2015. By 2021, however, the government had switched to a plan to useISDB-Tafter receiving aid from the Japanese foreign ministry.

History

Rūpavāhinī was created under a government act on 23 January 1982, and established on February 14 the same year. Rupavahini began broadcasting on 15 February 1982, one day after it was established, with an opening speech fromJ. R. Jayewardene,Sri Lanka's president at the time. Funding was donated by the Japanese government. Both transmitters were built and installed by Japanese technicians.Broadcasts initially started at 6pm with a daily segment for children and ended at 11pm. There were three daily news bulletins, with a Tamil edition at 7pm, a Sinhala edition at 8:15pm and an English edition at 9:30pm. Sinhala-language feature films were broadcast once a month.By 1985, broadcasts started earlier at 5:30pm, with the slots for news remaining unchanged.One of the initial aims of the corporation was to broadcast educational programmes for 500 schools by offering free sets to classrooms, under the principle that television was to be used as an aid for the teacher.

Early in its existence, Rupavahini could be received well, depending on weather conditions, in theIndianstate ofTamil Nadu.Viewers preferred Rupavahini overDoordarshan'slocal station,especially its agricultural and children's programming. The relays were often jammed by a Doordarshan relayer inTrivandruminKerala.Rupavahini's popularity led to the purchase of colour television sets in southern India, before the rest of the country started regular services. Newspapers started publishing schedules for the station.Per a 1984 government order, Rupavahini reduced the power of its transmitters as the channel didn't compensate its audience in India via overspill by attracting Indian advertisers. Viewer preference in India continued even after Doordarshan implemented its colour service - its foreign programmes were also attractive.

In 1986, Rupavahini expanded its facilities and, in 1998, rehabilitated most of the original equipment using digital technology under three grant aid projects from the Government of Japan. Its studio complex is in Colombo, the commercial capital of Sri Lanka. The complex comprises a master control room, four studios, two dubbing studios, a digital post-production unit, two analogue post-production units, several editing suites including non-linear editing, and four outside broadcast vehicles.

Rupavahini reopened two relays in Kokavil and Palavi in 1994.

'Rupavahini 2' launched in April 1999 before it changed its name to the current 'Channel Eye' in August 2000.

On 1 January 2008, Channel Eye became a time-shared channel, altering with the newly created Nethra TV. In 2009, series of Rupavahini productions available in DVD and VCD formats under the title "RU Entertainments".Rupavahini is the first Sri Lankan channel to telecast foreignteledramas.The most popular of them wasOshin,which was a Japanese teledrama dubbed in Sinhala. Also, the channel telecast the first Korean drama to air in the country called Sujatha Diyani also known asDae Jang Geum,in November 2012. Which is another popular drama where it led to the foundation of other Korean historical dramas to air and be dubbed in Sinhala as well.

In December 2014, the main channel was made available via satellite to Europe (via Eutelsat 70B), prompting the channel to temporarily go 24/7 (still doing the formal start and end of transmission routines) to alleviate time zone differences. Due to unknown reasons, the channel was removed. The channel now starts up shortly before 04:00 IST and closes down shortly after midnight.

Monolingual logo with the Sinhala name temporarily used in 2022.

On 22 February 2022, Rupavahini changed its logo by changing its shape and removing the Tamil and English names of the network, leaving only the name in the predominant Sinhala language, therefore making it monolingual. The change was later reverted in October as the new logo was described by activists as "divisive".Asanti-government protestsintensify and after protesters stormed the headquarters of the network, Rupavahini temporarily ceased operations shortly after playing the national anthem on 13 July 2022.

Channels

2015 coverage map of SLRC services

Currently, the SLRC operates three channels.

• Rupavahiniis the main channel, in Sinhala. It transmits on a 20-hour schedule and features news, teledramas, educational programming, discussion shows, and imported programming.
• Channel Eyeis the English language and sports channel. The channel's name is derived from its three focal points: Education, Youth, and Entertainment. The channel airs a wide range of original productions and sporting events. In the first years of Channel Eye, it telecast documentaries ofDiscovery Channeland international and local sport programs, mainlycricket,volleyball,and motorcar racing. Channel Eye became the official TV broadcaster for fiveCricket World Cuptournaments:1996,2003,2007,2011,and2015.
• Nethra TV(nethrais Tamil for "eye" ) is theTamil languagechannel started in 2008. Initially, it was broadcast on Channel Eye's frequencies between 07:30 and 21:00. Since February 20, 2018, it has had its frequencies separate from Channel Eye. The channel focuses on Tamil culture and customs with original and acquired programming, including Tamil serials. It also airs an amount of religious programming, especially aimed at religious minorities.
• Between 2009 and 2015, a fourth channel,NTV,was operated by the corporation. It aired contents entirely in English and was known to be a "worthless" channel upon its launch by critics. Eventually, NTV was shut down owing to low ratings.

Rupavahini transmitters

All transmitters are in analog.

City	Channel
Pidurutalagala	5
Namunukula	10
Rajagiriya	52
Padagala	52
Hanthana	10
Deniyaya	41
Sooriyakanda	11
Namunukula	10
Primrose	38
Hunnasgiriya	46
Palaly	21
Kokavil	43

Test card

Telefunken FuBK variant used by Rupavahini.

From its launch in 1982 to the conversion to HD in November 2022, Rupavahini has used a slightly modified version of the GermanTelefunken FuBKcolourtest cardduring non-broadcast hours. The pink and purple bars are solid and the text (RUPAVAHINI-SRI LANKA) is set to half-width.

Management and funding

Rupavahini is an autonomous corporation run by a chairman, director-general, and a board of directors appointed by the president.

Until 1998, Rupavahini was funded by alicence feesystem: every television owner with at leastVHFreception had to pay the government a yearly fee. After a parliament act, the licence fee was scrapped and the funding of Rupavahini was changed to a system ofgovernment grantssupplemented with TV advertising.

Logo and branding

Rupavahini's logo is ahill mynahcarrying a message in gold on a red TV screen. Until 2022, the channel's name in Sinhala (රූපවාහිනී), Tamil (ரூபவாகினி), and a transliteration of Sinhala, with macrons (RŪPAVĀHINĪ). The leaf was incorporated into NTV's previous symbol and is incorporated into trophies held at award shows organized by the corporation, the Ape Gamana logo, and the SLRC's news operation.

In the early years, the station's starting animation consisted of the line drawing of the bird and an aerial shot of the facilities.

At start-up, a slide (static until the conversion to widescreen) with the Rupavahini logo appears, accompanied by an instrumental rendition ofKawurudo ara Kawuluwenby singer-songwriterSanath Nandasiri.The bird appears towards the end of the channel's nightly end of transmission sequence, flying past the transmitter at Rupavahini's headquarters. The sequence is followedby the national anthem.

On 24 February 2022, coinciding with changes to Rupavahini News, the channel changed its logo for the first time, the bird was kept intact but the screen was replaced by a rounded rectangle. The Tamil and English forms of the name were removed. There was some criticism on social media over the decision.

Controversy

In 2007, then government ministerMervyn Silvaand his bodyguards stormed the Rupavahini and attacked the news director. Employees then attacked the minister back.

On 13 July 2022 a few protesters that claimed to be leaders of2022 Sri Lankan protests,entered the premises and demanded for all scheduled programmes to be stopped and only content related to the then ongoing protest to be broadcast. The channel was off air for a short period during the time of the incident. Later on the same day two of the protesters were allowed to express their opinions on a livebreaking news-themed programme.At 1:31pm the channel was temporarily taken off the air and did an improvised closedown, by playing the usual routine: the Rupavahini ID, the nightly end of transmission video andthe national anthem.

See also

• List of television networks in Sri Lanka
• List of radio networks in Sri Lanka
• Media in Sri Lanka
• Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation

External links

• Rupavahini (corporate website)
• Rupavahini (channel website)
• RUNews
• Channel Eye
• Nethra TV
• Sri Lanka Life and Rupavahini